ISpirea isihlahla somhlobiso sasemuva okuvela emndenini wakwaPink. Kuvamile emahlathini nasezindaweni ezisemahlathini ezindawo ezifudumele, kanye nasemithambekeni we-Alps, iHimalaya kanye naseMexico. Izitshalo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amapaki nezingadi. Amagatsha awo akhukhulayo entwasahlobo nasehlobo embozwe kahle ngezimbali ezincane, njengegwebu noma ikhephu leqhwa. Kwesinye isikhathi i-spirea ibizwa nge-meadowsweet, kepha lokhu kuyiphutha. I-Meadowsweet isitshalo esi-herbaceous, kanti i-spirea iyisihlahla esinamahlumela.
Izici ze-Botanical
ISpirea isitshalo esinqumayo esidonsa iminyaka engu-0.15-2.5 m ukuphakama. Sondliwa yisilozane esibucayi esibabazekayo. Amahlumela akhula ngokuqondile, asakazeka emhlabathini noma akhuphuke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho namagatsha aqondile agobeka ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Umbala wamagatsha onsundu okhanyayo noma onsundu omnyama. Amagxolo akhishwa ngamapuleti amade.
Amapheshana amafushane alandelayo awanayo imidwebo futhi ahlukile ngesimo esincanyana se-lanceolate nephethini yokukhululeka esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nemithambo eseceleni. Emaphethelweni amahlamvu serrate noma jagged. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izitshalo zimbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza kuyo yonke inkathi, kanti amaqabunga abanye aguqulwa kaningana kusuka kokubomvu kuye kphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okuwolintshi.
Ukuqhakaza kokuqala obuthakathaka kuqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila kwe-spirea. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo noma kakade ehlobo, izambulela eziningi noma ama-inflorescence athukile aqhakaza kuma-axils amaqabunga. Eduze komunye nomunye, ama-corollas amancane anobubanzi obuyi-6-10 mm anediski enomzimba. Izimbali ezinamaphara amahlanu ahlukene ayindilinga nomgogodla opholile (kufika kuma-stamens angama-60 kanye namaqanda angama-5) zingapendwe zimhlophe noma zipinki.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, imbewu emdaka e-brown lanceolate ivuthwa emapheshana anezithombo eziningi. Ubude bawo buyi-1.5-2 mm kuphela. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziqhekeka emthubeni ngokwazo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-spirea
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezilikhulu ze-spirea.
Spiraea oak-leaved. Isihlahla esivuthayo esifana neqabaka esinamagatsha anamabvu sikhula sibe yi-1.5-2 m ukuphakama. Imbozwe ngamaqabunga e-ovoid noma e-oval. Eduze nomaphethelo wepuleti leshidi libunjiwe kabili. Ubude bawo buyi-35-45 mm. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, kanti uhlangothi lwe-flip limpunga. Izimbali zenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho ama-corymbose inflorescence amaningi amhlophe aqhakaza.
I-Spirea yaseJapan. Izimbali ezinde zingama-120-200 cm ubude ziqukethe amagatsha abomvu ansundu aqondile anendawo eyindilinga. Akhula amaqabunga e-oval alula angama-25-75 mm ubude. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izihlangu ezisindayo zezimbali ezimhlophe-eziqhakaza ziyaqhakaza, ezihlala izinsuku ezingama-45. Izinhlobo:
- Amakhosazana Amancanyana - amahlumela aqhakaza afinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama nama-120 cm ububanzi ngamahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama ngoJuni-Julayi ambozwe izimbali ezibomvana;
- IGolide Princess - isihlahla esingamamitha ayi-1 m sikhula amahlamvu aphuzi;
- IGoldflame - entwasahlobo, amaqabunga e-orange-aphuzi aqhakaza amahlumela aze afike ku-80 cm, aphenduka aphuzi ngehlobo abese eluhlaza okotshani, izimbali zibomvu bomvana;
- IShirobana - isihlahla esivuthayo esifinyelela ku-60-80 cm ngamaqabunga amancane ama-lanceolate ngoJulayi-Agasti, aqhakaza ngezimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana;
- I-Crispa - isihlahla esimfushane esinomqhele ovulekile omnyama ombozwe amambule amancane apinki akhanyayo;
- U-Anthony Vaterrer - isihlahla esiphansi esinezindondo ezinomqhele futhi sinamaqabunga abomvu ku-June-Septhemba blooms in great (kufika ku-15 cm) wezimbali ze-carmine;
- IMacrophyll - isihlahla esikhulu esisakazayo (1.5 m) esimbozwe ngamaqabunga ama-ovoid swollen (obomvu-luhlaza ehlobo no-orange ekwindla) ubude obu-15 cm;
- I-magic Carpet - umqhele omnyama ongafika ku-0.5 m mude no-80 cm ububanzi uqeda amaqabunga amahle angular ethusi, ophuzi norenji;
- I-Frobely - isihlahla esiphakeme esingu-120 cm futhi ububanzi simbozwe ngamaqabunga abomvu-aluhlaza nezimbali ezipinki;
- Isibani somlilo siyisihlahla esimfushane esinamaqabunga abomvu-e-orange nezimbali ezi pink ezijulile.
Spirea loosestrife. Isitshalo esisheshayo esinezimpande ezibolewe kahle sithanda inhlabathi emanzi kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlakala kungamasentimitha ayi-150-200. Amagatsha embozwe ngamaqabunga amancanyana we-lanceolate enesisekelo esenziwe bhaji. Ama-rose aqhakazile apinki enza ama-panicles aminyene acishe abe ngu-12 cm. Bavela maphakathi nehlobo.
ISpirea ngimpunga. Uhlobo lwe-hybrid olunokuphakama okungaba ngu-180 cm lukhule amagatsha embozwe ngamahlamvu we-lanceolate grey green. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga grey. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kakhulu nge-corymbose inflorescences emhlophe, evela vele phakathi nenyanga kaMeyi. Izinhlobo ze-Grafshame zihlukile ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko ngamagatsha anombala obomvu onsomi nokuqhakaza okumhlophe kakhulu kweqhwa. Isitshalo esihle sikaju.
Spirea wangutta. Isihlahla esikhulu, esidlakadlaka ngokushesha sikhula sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Amagatsha awo aqinile avela embozwe ngotshani obunjiwe njengamaqabunga. Ingaphezulu leqabunga liluhlaza okotshani. Uhlangothi lwe-flip limpunga. Ngokwindla, amaqabunga aba bomvu noma owolintshi. Ama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa amhlophe qhwa avuleka kulo lonke igatsha kusukela maphakathi noJuni.
I-Nippon Spiraea. Isihlahla esiminyene esikhungweni esinamagatsha agobekile sikhula ngokuphakama ngamamitha ayi-2. Isithombo esingamamitha ayi-5 ubude sinesimo sokusaqanda futhi sigcina umbala oluhlaza ogqamile kuze kube yilapho iqabunga liwela. NgoJuni, izimbali eziphuzi eziphuzi ziyaqhakaza kusuka efihlekile onsomi. Izinhlobonhlobo zeqhwa liyisihlahlana esiphansi esikhula kancane kancane esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okweqanda omnyama nama-inflorescence amaningi amhlophe kumahlumela wonyaka odlule.
Isipikiswano se-Spirea. Isihlahla sangaphambi kokuqhakaza kwesiqalo esiyi-1.5-2 m ukuphakama ngamagatsha arched sakha i-Cascade enhle. Izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa, njengegwebu, ziqhakaza ngamaqabunga aluhlaza.
Spirea bumalda. Isihlahla esinophansi (50-80 cm), umqhele omnyama uqukethe amahlumela aqondile ambozwe ngamaqabunga amvubelo amancane. Ekwindla, amahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo aba bomvana-ophuzi nobubende. Kusukela maphakathi nehlobo, amahlumela amasha ambozwe izambulela ezinkulu zezimbali ezipinki ezimnyama.
Spirea Douglas. Iziqu ezibobomvu ezi-brown-brown ne-pubescence encane zakha umqhele ongu-1.5 m ukuphakama. Ama-oval noma ama-lanceolate ashiya ukhule kuwo ubude obu-10 cm. Izimbali ezimnyama zepinki zakha amabhlashi amade we-pyramidal. Ziqhakaza ngoJulayi-Septhemba.
Isikweletu se-Spirea. Isihlahla esifinyelela ku-2 m ukuphakeme simbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu-lanceolate futhi ngoJulayi sisakazeka isikhathi eside (kufika ku-20 cm), amabhulashi aminyene wezimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo.
I-Birch leaf spirea. Isihlahla esiminyene esiyindilinga esifinyelela ku-70 cm sikhula ngamaqabunga amancane aluhlaza aqhakazile aphenduka aphuzi ngokwindla. NgoJuni-Agasti, izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ziyaqhakaza kuma-inflorescence amancane we-hemispherical.
Izindlela zokuzala
ISpirea ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu noma ngokuhlakulela imifino. Ezinhlotsheni ze-hybrid nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, ukusakazwa kwembewu akulungile. Entwasahlobo, lungisa amabhokisi ngengxube yomhlaba wamahlamvu one-peat. Imbewu ibekwe ngokulinganayo ngaphezu komhlaba futhi imbozwe ungqimba lwe-peat ubude obu-1 cm. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1-1,5. Esikhathini sokuqala, baphathwa nge-foundationazole noma i-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, izithombo esezikhulile ziyathululwa futhi zidluliselwe endaweni evulekile embhedeni wokuqeqesha. Babekwe emthunzini noma emthunzini oyingxenye. Izitshalo zinamanzi amaningi bese zigobhoza inhlabathi.
Indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuzala ukukhipha izingcingo. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, ihlumela elingaphansi ligobeke enhlabathini futhi lilungiswe, futhi lifafazwe ngomhlaba ngaphezulu. Ingaphezulu liboshwe ngokusekelwa. Ehlobo, hhayi kuphela isihlahla esinamanzi, kodwa futhi nokwakhiwa. Izokhula ngonyaka wamanje, kepha ukwahlukana nokufakelwa kuhlelwa intwasahlobo elandelayo. Ukuthuthuka okungcono, izimbali zisuswa ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, ukusika okungaba ngu-10 cm ubude kunqunywa emagatsheni anezilimo ezihlangene futhi eziluhlaza.I-cut cut engezansi iphathwa ngeKornevin bese isitshalwa ngokushesha ezitsheni ezinenhlabathi evulekile engadini. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, ama-50-70% okusikiwayo azothuthukisa uhlelo oluphelele lwezimpande. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Kwama-spirea, kukhethwa izindawo ezivulekile, ezinelanga noma ezinemibala emincane. Emthunzini oyingxenye, inani lemibala lizoba lincane kakhulu. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi ivunyelwe, ngomswakama olinganiselayo. Inhlabathi yaseSodoma noma enamaqabunga, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ithanga nesihlabathi, yengezwa emhlabathini ompofu. Kwezinhlobo ezi-hybrid, i-lime ayivunyelwe enhlabathini.
Imigodi yokumba iyambiwa kusuka ekujuleni kuka-50 cm. Izinto zokwakha zamatshe kufanele zibekwe phansi. Intamo yezimpande ishiywe ezingeni elifanayo. Isimo sezulu esinezimvula noma esinamafu siphezulu kakhulu kokwehla. Inqubo uqobo lwenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kufanelekile izitshalo eziqhakaza ehlobo. Kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke. Uhlelo lwezimpande olugqotshwe seluthwelwe emanzini ngaphambili. Ngemuva komsebenzi, amabhakede wamanzi angama-1-2 athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye futhi ingaphezulu lifakwe i-peat. Futhi, zonke izinhlobo zingatshalwa ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuphela kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kwe-spirea kulula. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukuthambisa kaningi, kepha ukungagxili kwamanzi ezimpandeni akuvunyelwe. I-Adult spirea ibekezelela isomiso kahle, ngakho-ke kuphela lapho kungekho khona imvula baniselwa kabili ngenyanga. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, kuthululelwa amabhakede amanzi ayi-1.5-2.
Ukhula nokusikhulula kubuye kwenziwa njalo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo alunamsebenzi, ngakho-ke qaphela lapho usebenza.
Izitshalo ziphindwe kabili ngesizini (entwasahlobo nasehlobo). Okokuqala, kusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezimbiwa zomhlaba wonke, bese kusetshenziswa ama-mullein ne-superphosphate.
Ngominyaka, i-spirea ikhula kakhulu futhi ingalahlekelwa ukwakheka. Kufanele ilungiswe njalo, ngoba izimuncagazi zivame ukulinyazwa emqhele omfishane bese kuthi ukhunta ukhule. Ezitshalweni zokuqala eziqhakaza izimbali, izihlahla zenziwa ehlobo, ekugcineni kwezimbali. Izinhlobo zezimbali ezifika ngemuva kwesikhathi ziyathenwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuchezwa kwezinwele kwenziwa minyaka yonke, izeluleko zezihlumela ziyasikwa bese amagatsha aphukile, awomile futhi aqandisiwe asuswe. Iminyaka emi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, amagatsha amadala angu-1-2 ngonyaka kufanele asuswe afinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha angama-25. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele nokugcina kuhlobisa ukuhlobisa Akunconyiwe ukunciphisa amathiphu wamagatsha aqothulwe, ngoba lokhu kuvusa ukukhula kwamahlumela akamuva, futhi nezimbali akuvamile ukuba zivele kuwo futhi ngamanani amancane.
ISpirea imvamisa ibekezelela kahle ubusika ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Uma kulindeleke isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, esineqhwa, lapho izimpande zesitshalo zimbozwe ungqimba lwamaqabunga awileyo namagatsha akhula ngesihlahla sonwele.
Lesi sitshalo sinokugomela okuhle, ngakho-ke kucishe kungaguli. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-aphid nezindawo zesicabucabu zihlala zihlala ezihlahleni. Basebenza kakhulu ekuhlaseleni amahlumela amancane, amathenda. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukufafaza njalo ehlathini noma ukuphatha ngama-insecticides.
Isicelo sokuklanywa komhlaba
Isitshalo esinjalo sokuhlobisa nokusebenziseka ngokuqinisekile sizokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwaso engadini. Izinhlobo zama-dwarf zihlobisa ama-rockeries. Zisetshenziselwa ukutshala izihlahla eziqothulayo kanye namaConifers. ISpirea ilungele ukudala uthango, i-mixborder nesizinda sengadi yezimbali. Inkampani ingenza i-scumpia, i-weigels, isenzo, i-junipers kanye ne-spruce.
