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Izinhlobo zamatamatisi

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula utamatisi "Shuntuk giant"

Njengamanje, inamba enkulu ngokwanele yezinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi enezithelo ezinkulu. Kodwa ngisho naphakathi kwamatamatisi amakhulu kukhona okuhlukile.

Uma ufuna ukukhula isitshalo lapho usuka ku-1 izithelo ungenza isaladi somndeni omkhulu, khona-ke kufanele ukhethe ezihlukahlukene "Shuntuk giant".

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Njengoba igama lisho, izithelo zihlukaniswa ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Efanelekile ekukhuleni ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, nangenxa yomhlabathi ovulekile, idinga i-garter. Eningizimu yeRussia nendawo yonke ye-Ukraine ikhula ngokujwayelekile emhlabathini ovulekile. Kodwa kuyo yonke indawo yeRussian Federation naseBelarus, lesi sitshalo siyozizwa singcono nakakhulu kulesi sitshalo esibamba ukushisa, nakuba sizokwenza isivuno emoyeni.

Ikhuluma ngezinhlobo ze-indeterminantnyh, isihlahla sikwazi ukukhula ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-2. Izitshalo zinamandla, zinamandla, ukuze zingakhuli, kuhle ukukwakha isiqu esisodwa kubo. Ngenye ifomu ye-inflorescence 4-6 ama-ovaries, kodwa ukuze utamatisi ukhule kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ama-ovari amabili kufanele ashiywe ngakwesinye isandla.

Kubalulekile! "Shuntuk giant" akuyona hybrid, kodwa ezihlukahlukene utamatisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbewu yezithelo ezikhulile ngokulondoloza ngokugcwele izici zokufa, okusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukutshala.

Isithelo esinomzimba sibomvu, sinamakamelo okuhlwanyela ama-10. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyinto nxazonke, kancane flattened ngenhla nangaphansi. Ukunciphisa ama-inflorescences anezithelo, imbewu encane ku-utamatisi. Emhlabathini, kuze utamatisi uvuthwe ngokugcwele, kukhona indawo eluhlaza okomnyama. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ezilandelayo:

  • izithelo ezinkulu;
  • ukubukeka okukhulu;
  • isivuno esikhulu kakhulu;
  • ukuvumelana okunamnandi okunamafutha;
  • umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi;
  • ukuthutha kahle nokugcinwa;
  • ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo ze-fungal.
Phakathi kweziphambeko (futhi ngisho nezihlobo), umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa mhlawumbe isidingo sokugqoka okugunyazayo, mhlawumbe ngisho nanye phakathi nenkathi.
Uyazi? I-tomato enkulu kunazo zonke, ezibalwe ku-Guinness Book of Records, yatshalwe ngo-1986 nguG. Graham wase-Oklahoma. Isithelo sasiningi elingaphezu kuka 3.5 kg. Lo mnikazi wezitolo zasemasimini uye wakhula isihlahla se-tomato, esinezinga eliphakeme lamamitha angaphezu kwangu-16. Lesi sihlahla esingaphansi konyaka ongu-1 sazala izithelo ezingaphezu kuka-12,300.

Izithelo nezivuno

  • izithelo isisindo - 440-480 g, uma ungabhubhisi ama-inflorescence, uma ushiya ama-ovari angu-2 ku-inflorescence, isisindo singafinyelela ku-750-1450 g;
  • isivuno - 13 kg / sq. m;
  • ukuvuthwa kokuqala - phakathi nonyaka;
  • isikhathi sokuvuthwa - Izinsuku ezingu-110-114 kusukela emahlumela okuqala;
  • injongo - sebenzisa ngendlela eluhlaza, ukucubungula;

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Le nqubo kumele ihanjiswe ngokuziphendulela kakhulu, ibe nesitoreji esidingekayo solwazi ukuze ukhethe kahle izithombo. Indlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu ukuthenga izithombo kumthengisi othembekile.

Uma phakathi kwabangani bakho akekho umuntu onjalo, kuzodingeka uvakashele emakethe. Kuhlale kunengozi emakethe ukuthenga izithombo eziphansi, kepha ngokulandela izincomo ezilula, unganciphisa lo mngcipheko:

  1. Okokuqala, cela umthengisi ngezithombo zakhe, mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi. Umuntu onomdlandla ngempela uzokuqala ukutshela ngamatamatisi, ngokuphendula impendulo yonke imibuzo yakho. Abalimi abanjalo bangathembeka, bavame ukuhweba ngezinto eziphezulu, ngoba into eyinhloko ayiyona imali (noma kunjalo, imali ngeke ibe yinto engadingekile), kodwa ukuqashelwa "umkhiqizo". Abantu abanjalo ngeke banikeze izithombo ezimbi (noma ezinye ezihlukahlukene) zekhwalithi, idumela labo ngaphezulu.
  2. Ubudala bezithombo akufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingu-45-50. Zonke izihlahla kufanele zibe ngokuphakama okufanayo, kulokhu, i-fruiting izokwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
  3. Ukukhula okuphakanyisiwe kwesithombo kungama-35-40 cm, kufanele kube namaqabunga atholakala ku-9-12 esiteshini.
  4. Esigabeni kanye nezimpande akufanele kube umkhondo wokuma, amabala, ukuguqulwa kombala.
  5. Amahlamvu kufanele abe ifomu elungile, abuke enempilo, angenalo ukulandelana kobuchopho.
  6. Uma amahlamvu elele, futhi umbala wezithombo uhlukile emvelweni ongavamile, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvuselela ukukhula kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okukhulu kakhulu.
  7. Izithombo kufanele zibe ezitsheni nge-substrate, endaweni yempande i-substrate kufanele ifakwe.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Ukutshala utamatisi kahle kakhulu enhlabathini enhlabathi nesobumba. Ngaphansi kwemibhede khetha indawo evaliwe kusuka eziklanyelwe, ngokukhanyisa okuhle kwemvelo, kodwa ukuze ilanga eliqondile lingangeni ehlathini.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo zemifino.

Ukuze utamatisi, izithelo zibaluleke kakhulu. Utamatisi ukhula kahle emva:

  • anyanisi;
  • amabhontshisi;
  • izaqathe.
Kungatshalwa emva:
  • isithombo;
  • ukhukhamba.
Futhi emva kwalezi zitshalo, utamatisi uhluma kabi:
  • i-legumes;
  • ithanga, ngaphandle kwamakhukhamba;
  • Utamatisi
Izilungiselelo zokushisa eziphakanyisiwe zokukhula okujwayelekile:
  • inhlabathi -14 ° C;
  • umoya ntambama - 23-25 ​​° C;
  • umoya ebusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-14 ° С.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphuza utamatisi kudinga ukuchichima nokuvamile: uma inani lemvula lingezingeni eliphansi, manzi onke ama-4-Izinsuku ezingu-5. Ukweqa ngokweqile izimpande akuvumelekile, kanti ukwehla okulindelekile ekushiseni entwasahlobo, indawo yempande ihlanganiswe.

Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala

Izinsuku ezingu-55-60 ngaphambi kokutshala ezitshalweni ezivulekile zomhlabathi zidinga ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo. Ukuze ukwazi usuku oluthile lokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa izibalo ezilandelayo:

  • Thola ngosizo lwekhalenda legadi, ngesikhathi sendawo endaweni ohlala kuyo emoyeni nomhlabathi ufudumele kumazinga okushisa angenhla (umoya: usuku - 23-25 ​​° C; ubusuku - 14 ° C nangaphezulu, umhlabathi - 14 ° C);
  • kusukela ngesikhathi esifanele ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini, kufanele ususe amaviki ayisishiyagalolunye, umphumela usuku lokuhlwanyela kwezinhlamvu zezithombo.
Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kufanele icutshungulwe. Uma kunjalo, uma impahla yezimbewu ingumuthi owaziwayo, futhi uqinisekile ukuthi imikhiqizo yangempela evela kumkhiqizi, imbewu enjalo ayidingi ukucutshungulwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe:
  • ukushiswa kwe-disinfection kufakwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g / 100 ml amanzi) imizuzu engu-20;
  • ngenhloso efanayo, ungangena ngosuku olulandelayo kwisisombululo sokubhaka i-soda ye-concentration efanayo;
  • ukuphatha ne-Phytosporin - ukukhula kwe-stimulator, njengoba kuboniswe emiyalweni.

Manje udinga ukulungisa i-substrate. Uma unquma ukuzenza ngokwakho (ungathenga ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo izitshalo ezitolo ezikhethekile), sebenzisa izingoma ezilandelayo:

  • peat - 1/3;
  • i-turf - 1/3;
  • isanti - 1/3.
Hlanganisa kahle, faka emgodini enezimbobo zamanzi futhi ugeze ngesisombululo:
  • superphosphate - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
  • potassium sulfate - 2 tsp;
  • urea - 1 tbsp. i-spoon.
Inani elibekiwe lomanyolo liyoncibilika ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi, uthele le substrate ngendlela yokuthi umswakama obuningi ususwe emigodini.

Uyazi? Eminyakeni engu-800 BC, abantu baseCentral naseNingizimu Melika base bekhulile kakade utamatisi. Ama-Aztec anika lesi siko igama elithi "utamatisi", noma "iberry elikhulu". Abantu baseYurophu bajwayela utamatisi ekhulwini le-16, ngenxa yabanqobi.
Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo i-humus, i-peat ne-sod land, uhlanganise kahle. Ebhaketheni lenhlanganisela yokwenza isipuni se-superphosphate ne-1 indebe ihlutshiwe ngomlotha.

Umhlabathi wezithombo kumele ube nokushisa okuphathwayo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi ithathwe kuphi - ithengwe esitolo noma ixutshwe ngokuzimela. Ngezansi kunezingu-3 zezindlela ezilula futhi eziphumelelayo kakhulu zokungasebenzi ngekhaya ekhaya:

  1. Thela u-3-5 cm emgqeni owodwa ku-baking sheet, indawo ehhavini imizuzu engu-20 ngo-200 ° C.
  2. Sula isixazululo se-potassium permanganate emanzini abilayo.
  3. Ukufudumala kwamaminithi amabili eminjini-microveve, emandleni amakhulu.

Lapho imbewu nenhlabathi sezilungele, yisikhathi sokutshala. Ngokuba izithombo ezikhulayo kungcono ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ze-peat, kodwa ungenza ngepulasitiki (500ml), ngezimbobo ezansi ezansi. Izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela izibuko zithele umhlabathi, kufanele "uphulukise" kancane. Ngosuku olulandelayo, uma lokhu kudingekile, inhlabathi kufanele iphuze (ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kufanele ihambiswe kancane) ngamanzi afudumele.

Emhlabathini ngomunwe senza ukucindezeleka (1-1.5 cm), lapho sibeka khona imbewu. Fafaza umhlaba, uphefa ngebhodi le-spray, ulimboze ngokuqinile ngefilimu.

Sincoma ukwazi ukuthi kungcono ukondla izithombo zika utamatisi.

Kuze kuvele amahlumela, izici eziyinhloko okufanele zilawulwe yizinga lokushisa, kufanele libe phakathi kuka-23-25 ​​° C, kanye nomswakama (inhlabathi kufanele ibe mnandi).

Emva kokuvela kwezithombo, ngaphezu kokushisa nomswakama, ukukhanya okuhle kuba ipharamitha elilinganayo. Khetha indawo yezithombo kwi-sill efakwe kahle, kepha ngakho ayikho imidwebo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili emva kokuhlwanyela, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe nsuku zonke ifilimu (imizuzu engu-6-8) ukuze imbewu ingagcini. Umswakama womoya ngaphakathi izibuko kunqunywa ukuthi kukhona ukujula phakathi kwefilimu. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke inhlabathi imisiwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuthumisa ngokulinganisela ukuze inhlabathi ingashintshi. Lapho amahlumela avela (izinsuku ezingu-5-7), ifilimu isusiwe.

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa

Lapho udala izimo ezinhle (izinga lokushisa, inhlabathi nomoya wokunwakama, ukukhanyisa), izithombo zizovela ngokushesha, futhi ngokuqinisekile ziyokhula ngokukhula.

Ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sezulu sishonile, ungaqala ukuqinisa izithombo. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngezinsuku ezingenamoya. Vula amawindi ngamaminithi ambalwa, ungaqala ngeseshini emizuzu emihlanu. Lindela usuku olulandelayo oluhle, phinda ukuxhaphaza, wengeze imizuzu embalwa, qhubeka ngendlela efanayo.

Thola lapho kungcono ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ngenkathi izithombo zifinyelela usayizi oludingekayo wokutshala emhlabathini, futhi inhlabathi nomoya sekufudumala ekushiseni okulungile, kufanele ube nemibhede ekulungele kakade. Umhlabathi wezitamatisi kufanele ulungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, bamba indawo yendawo yokulala, ukhiphe ukhula futhi uwufake:

  • i-humus - 4l / 1 isikwele. m;
  • superphosphate - 2 tbsp. izinkezo / isikwele esingu-1. m;
  • usawoti we-potassium - 1 tbsp. izinkezo / isikwele esingu-1. m

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi i-acidic, i-lime kufanele ifakwe - 0.5 kg / 1 sq. m Entwasahlobo, amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi ikhulelwa kanje:

  • ukuphuza imibhede ngesisombululo senkukhu (inhlanzi) udoti - 0.5 kg / 1 square. m;
  • wathelwa ngesisombululo sokhuni oluthuliwe - 0.5 kg / 1 square. m;
  • uthele isixazululo se-ammonium sulphate - 1 tbsp. isipuni / isikwele esingu-1. m

Ubuningi bomanyolo obudingekayo ukucubungula isikwele esingu-1. imitha, inani lamanzi lingahluka. Uma inhlabathi isetshenziswe ngokwanele, ibhakede elanele elilodwa ngesikwele esingu-1. m (uhlobo oluthile lomanyolo), uma lumile, inani elichaziwe lokugqoka liyabhidliza ngamanzi amaningi (1.5-2 amabhakede).

Imibhede ihlelwe ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

  • ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemigqa - 0.5 m;
  • ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi - 0.4 m;
  • isibalo - 3-4 isihlahla / 1 isikwele. m;
  • indawo - i-chess oda.

Emhlabathini olungiselelwe umanyolo, izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokutshala, imithombo yenziwe ngokusho kwalolu hlelo olungenhla. Umgodi kufanele ube ngosayizi olunjalo ukuthi indebe ye-peat noma izimpande nge-sundown of substrate ingafanelana naso, uma izithombo zikhulile ekomelweni elilahlwayo.

Uyazi? Kwaphela isikhathi eside, utamatisi ahlukaniswa njengezitshalo ezinobuthi, njengamazambane, iNingizimu Melika nayo eyindawo yokuzalwa. UColonel R.G. Johnson, owadla ibhakede lamatamatisi ngo-1820 phambi kwesakhiwo senkantolo eNew Jersey, wakwazi ukuguqula isimo sengqondo sabantu kulo masiko.
Amachibi aqediwe agcwele ngamanzi abilayo nge-potassium permanganate (ibhakede le-10 g / 1 yamanzi), bese echitheka ngamanzi ashisayo ahlanzekile futhi agcwele ifilimu engadini. Ifilimu isuswa ngosuku ngaphambi kokufika.

Inqubo yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini yinto elula, kufanele ususe ngokucophelela isitshalo kusuka egumbini (uma usebenzisa isilondolozi). Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi i-clod yomhlabathi ihlale ingaguquki. Uma usebenzisa izindebe ze-peat, akudingeki ukuba ukhiphe noma yini, tshala isitshalo emgodini unamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu kusebenze, usuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokutshala engadini manzi izithombo. Ukufika kwezwe kungcono ukukhetha usuku olumnyama, kodwa olungenamandla.

  1. Lesi sitshalo sifakwa emgodini ukuze intamo yesimiso isuke ku-2-3 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomkhawulo womgodi.
  2. Zama ukubeka isihlahla emgodini ukuze izimpande zingangeni ekujuleni (umhlabathi ungase usabanda kakhulu), kodwa ungene ngaphakathi kwendiza enezingqimba;
  3. Ukusekela isihlahla endaweni evulekile ngesandla esisodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ugcwalise umgodi ngomhlaba, njalo uphazamise indawo yempande.
  4. Nisela amanzi emanzini afudumele. Uma wenza konke ngokufanele, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 izimpande zizoqina kakade ukuthi zizobamba futhi zondle isihlahla.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile Utamatisi ngempela izitshalo ezinomswakama-onothando. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abalimi be-novice bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele baphuze kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele; lokhu kuhloswe kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoba kudingeka, kodwa ngokuningi.

Kudingeka ukugxila esimweni somhlabathi nemvula. Uma inhlabathi isomile (kungcono hhayi ukuyikhuphula), ukuphuza kuyadingeka. Uma i-hydrated ngokwanele, kungcono ukulinda ngemithi yamanzi.

Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka izithombo zakho sezifinyelelekile ezimweni ezidingekayo zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi inhlabathi nomoya azifudumale ngokwanele, faka izithombo endaweni epholile futhi unciphise ukuchelela. Ngenxa yalesi silinganiso, ukukhula kuzoncipha, futhi uma izimo ezihle zenzeka, zitshale izitshalo emhlabathini. Akudingekile ukwesaba, indlela akuyona neze eyingozi, ezimweni ezijwayelekile utamatisi uzoqala ukukhula ngokushesha.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ngemvula eyanele, kudinga ukuphuza masonto onke. Uma kunemvula encane, inqubo yenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezine. Uma kwenzeka ihlobo livula, isikhathi eside ungenza ngaphandle kokunisela. Izinqubo zamanzi utamatisi kudingeka zihlele noma ekuseni, noma emahoreni ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga (indlela engcono kakhulu). Ukuze ucheze, kudingeka usebenzise ukuchelela izingadi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unamanzi afudumele noma asemvula. Esinye isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke singase siphume imishini yokunisela. Zama ukuwazisa izitshalo ngendlela yokuthi amanzi athola indawo kuphela, hhayi ukushiya inhlabathi emhlabathini.

Akukubi ukuchelela utamatisi ukugcwalisa indlela. Iqukethe lokhu okulandelayo: ezinhlangothini zombili zombhede, kude no-35-40 cm ukusuka ehlathini, ama-longitudinal amathanga angama-30-35 cm ububanzi, nokujula okufanayo. Imifudlana igcwele ngamanzi phezulu, amanzi, engena emhlabathini, angena ohlelweni lwempande.

Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela.

Le ndlela inhle ngoba inhlabathi iminyene futhi igcwele kakhulu umswakama. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ziqale ukuthela izithelo. Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe - ibhakede elilodwa / 1 ehlathini. Gcwalisa umsele njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-4-7, kuye ngokuthi inani lezulu lishisa.

Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye kumele kukhululeke umhlaba phakathi kwehlathi, njengoba kuhlanganiswe ne-crust. Ngesikhathi sokukhipha, uma kudingeka, imibhede nayo ikhula. Amaviki amathathu okuqala kufanele akhululwe angabi ngaphansi kuka-8-10 cm. Emva kwalokhu, ukujula kokukhipha kufanele kuncishiswe ku-6-8 cm, kusukela ngesikhathi senqubo, uhlelo lwempande olukhulile ngaleso sikhathi lungathintwa. Inhlabathi yobumba phakathi kwemigqa ingasulwa ngokujulile.

Uyazi? Kuze kube manje, kunama-subspecies ayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-10, izinhlobo nezinhlamvu zika utamatisi. Ubukhulu obuncane bomtamatisi omdala abukho ngaphezu kwe-1.5 cm, abameleli bezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu (ezifaka phakathi "Shuntuk giant") kufinyelela ku-1.5 kg wesisindo. Iphalethi yemibala, ngaphezu kokubomvu nokubomvu okuvamile, kufaka izinhlobo ezinemibala emnyama nephuzi.
Ungakhohlwa ukupaka utamatisi. Le nqubo ye-agrotechnical ibaluleke kakhulu ngezizathu ezinjalo:
  • kusiza inhlabathi ye-aeration;
  • ukushisa okufanayo kufana nomhlabathi endaweni;
  • kuvimbela uhlelo lwempande ukuba lufinyelele phezulu;
  • kuhle ukukhula okulungile kwezimpande endizeni enezingqimba.

Isikhathi sokuqala sikhipha utamatisi emva kwamasonto amathathu okulima ensimini, inqubo yesibili - emva kwesikhathi esifanayo. Ukudoba kuyinto idivayisi ebalulekile ye-agrotechnical, inhloso eyinhloko yokwandisa isivuno saleso sitshalo. Okuyinhloko yenkambiso ukudala isihlahla ngokususa amahlumela ohlangothini. Lezi amahlumela azitheli izithelo, kepha lesi sitshalo sisebenzise izakhi zalo, esikhundleni sokuqondisa lezi zinsiza ekwakheni ama-ovari omusha, futhi, ngokufanele, izithelo.

Uma utamatisi awusiwo u-pasynkovat, azofaka igatsha ngokuqinile. Esikhathini sinus sakha izinqubo lateral, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingane zokutholwa. Ukususa la mahlumela, sishiya kuphela amagatsha athela izithelo. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphoqa:

  1. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-bloom yokuqala ibhulabhu, kufanele ususe i-stepon yayo.
  2. Amahlumela amaphuzu, aphule noma aphule, akufanele aqedwe.
  3. Susa izingane zokutholwa kufanele zifike ngesikhathi, zifinyelele ku-4 cm.
  4. Gcoba zonke izingane zokutholwa ezingaphansi kwegatsha eliphansi kunawo wonke ama-ovaries. Ezinkambweni ezingaphezulu kwaleli gatsha, ukubonakala kwama-ovari kungenzeka. Bona, ngokuqonda kwakho, angashiywa.
  5. Inqubo iyadingeka kakhulu ukufeza ekuseni.
Zama ukugwema ukuthintana nezandla zelesi sezulu esithathwe yisitshalo lapho ususa ama-stepsons. Uma lesi sitshalo sigula ngento ethile, ijusi layo lingase libe ngumthwali wesifo esihlahleni esinempilo. Kanye ne-pinching, susa wonke amaqabunga aphansi axhumana nomhlabathi. Isiqu, emagatsheni aphansi anama-ovari, kufanele avuleke, ngokuvamile akhanyiswe, afinyeleleke kahle emoyeni.

Kubalulekile! Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesimnyama anezibonakaliso zokwehliswa kubonisa ukuphuza okwanele.
Ukugubha kokugcina nokugubha umqhele kwenziwa cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo. I-pinch ephezulu ukuze isihlahla singabe sikhula.

Izinhlobo ezingapheli lapho i-"Shuntuk giant" ingokwakhe, idinga ukugxila. Uma amahlumela engathinti, isihlahla sikhula kakhulu futhi sibheke phezulu. Lesi simo siyisithiyo ekwakheni izithelo ezinkulu.

Kunezinhlelo eziningana zokugubha (ku-1, 2 noma 3 ama-stalks). Ku "Shuntuk giant", isiqu se-1 stem asifanelekile, njengaloluhlelo lolu hlathini luyakhiwa, nakuba izithelo ezinkulu zizozalwa.

Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane

Njengezitshalo eziningi zensimu, utamatisi, ngisho nokuphikisana kakhulu nezifo, zisengenwe izifo ezithile futhi zihlaselwa yizinambuzane. Amagama ambalwa ngokuphathelene nezivame kakhulu.

I-Colorado beetle. Mhlawumbe isitha esiyingozi kakhulu utamatisi, udla amahlamvu kanye namaqanda. Kuzokwelapha okusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa lezi zinambuzane, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa lokhu okulandelayo: Isibhamu, isiphepho, nezinye izinsimbi ezithintekayo izithako eziyimimidacloprid kanye ne-glyphosate. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa, ulandela imiyalelo. Kumele kukhulunywe mayelana nezindlela ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo amakhemikhali: amahlumela aphethwe nge-tincture yomhlonyane, umuthi wokhuni. Ngezimbali, ufafaza nge-sifted birch ash.

Kubalulekile! "Shuntuk giant" cishe okungamaphesenti angama-100 ukumelana ne-aza ne-slugs, ukuphikisa kahle izifo ze-fungal.
Medvedka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kudlalwa kungatholakala emhlabathini onomswakama ophezulu futhi kunomuthi ophezulu womquba. Okufanayo, kokubili izinambuzane ezivuthiwe nezibungu zazo ziyingozi. Ngokudlula emaqenjini enhlabathini kumibhedeni yetamatisi, ama-parasites abhubhisa uhlelo lwempande, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele izitshalo ukuthi zingakhulumi ngendlela evamile. Ukubhubhisa izinambuzane eziqukethe i-imidacloprid (i-Confidor) ne-diazinon (ama-Medvetok). Isenzo samaMedvetokas, ngaphezu kwe-toxin equkethwe kuwo, sisekelwe ekukhonweni kwezinambuzane kuya kumnandi. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo futhi wenze ngokuvumelana nayo.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngezindlela ze-agrotechnical:

  • ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komquba;
  • ngezikhathi zonke ukhulule ama-aisles nesikhala phakathi kwamahlathi.
Ukusuka kumakhambi omuntu kuyadingeka ukukhuluma ngokutshala kwezimbali-ama-marigolds emabhedeni, iphunga lezinhlobo zemvelo ezingenalo ukwesaba nje kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilonda.

Hamba ngesitamatisi. Isibungu, futhi kamuva i-butterfly, sichitha ama-ovari wezitshalo. Amanye amathiphu wokuthi ungabhubhisa kanjani izinambuzane:

  • ukuphalaza izidakamizwa ze-Lepidocide njalo izinsuku ezingu-7;
  • U-Detsis usebenza kahle empini ngokumelene ne-scoop scoop.
  • weeding njalo ukhula oluzungeze amahlathi;
  • zonke izinsuku ezingu-10 kunconywa ukuba ufafaze utamatisi nge-tincture yemicibisholo yesweli;
  • sishaye u-tincture wegwayi nomhlonyane.
Kusukela ezifweni zika utamatisi kufanelekile ukukhuluma amagama ambalwa ngalawa:

Ukubala okumhlophe. Lesi sifo singabonwa ngezindawo ezibomvu emaqabunga, okuyinto eyomile bese iwa. Esikhathini sesibonakaliso sokuqala, izihlahla kufanele zifakwe ngesixazululo nesilinganiso se-0.1% se-Bordeaux ingxube.

Kubalulekile! Ama-mushroom ascomycetes, ama-pathogens aseRamulariasis (indawo emhlophe), ebusika emaqabungeni awile aphethwe yiwo. Ngakho, ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda kwesifo esikhathini esizayo, wonke amahlamvu kufanele aqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi ashiswe.
I-brown spotting (phyllosticosis). Emaqabunga aphansi angenhla avela izindawo ezibomvu, ngakwesokunxele - umbala wamabala awuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, amahlamvu awela. Ukuphalaza kwe-sulphate yethusi (isisombululo se-1%) sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Lapho uqala ukuvuna, kuncike esifundeni esithile sokulima. EMoldova, e-Ukraine, eningizimu yeRussia, utamatisi uvuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ephakathi neRussia, eBelarus - amasonto amabili kamuva.

Qoqa izithelo lapho bengakafiki ukuvuthwa okugcwele. Isilinganiso esinjalo sihlose ukukhululwa kwemithombo yesitshalo: ngeke kuhlinzeke amandla ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwe-fetus (okuzovuthwa ngokuzimela), kodwa izokwakha ama-ovari omusha. Uma nje uqaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqala "ukulala" (lesi senzakalo sihambisana nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa), kubalulekile ukuvuna lonke isivuno. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusuku lihlala lihlala ngaphansi kuka-6-8 ° С, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukugcina izithelo ezihlahleni, ngeke "zifinyelele".

Thola ukuthi kungani ungakwazi ukugcina utamatisi esiqandisini.

Uma kwenzeka ukuqala kwesithwathwa, futhi izihlahla zihlala zishaywa utamatisi oluhlaza, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:

  1. Amahlathi ahlanganiswa kanye nomsuka futhi alala ngamanki kuze kufike ku-1 m ukuphakama, ukuphakama kwesinye isiqondiso.
  2. Izikhukhula zimbozwa utshani futhi zishiye amaviki angu-1.5-2. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibonisiwe, utamatisi ovuthiwe uqoqwe, izithelo ezivuthiwe nezitshalo zisusiwe.
  3. Ngokuvamile, njalo izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ukuvunwa, kuze kube yilapho zonke utamatisi zivuthiwe.

Akukubi ngalendlela yokuvuthwa:

  1. Qoqa noma yiliphi izithelo eziluhlaza ezisele.
  2. Beka ifilimu engadini engaphansi kwesibamba sokushisa, ufake uhlaka oluncane lwesitshalo kuso, lumboze ngotshani.
  3. Hlela izinga lokushisa lomoya endaweni yokushisa e-17-22 ° C, enomswakama ophakathi kwama-75-80%.
  4. Njengoba isivuno sokuvuthwa, susa umonakalo futhi ubole.
Uyazi? Ngaphezu kuka-94% we-utamatisi ngamanzi, 100 g utamatisi kuphela amakholori angu-22, ngakho-ke cishe umkhiqizo omuhle wokulahlekelwa isisindo.
"I-shuntuk giant" iyalungisa kahle igama layo, abalimi abathokozisa ngezithelo ezinkulu nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Abalimi abaningi be-amateur abaye bazama ukukhula la ma-giant baba abalandeli babo abaqotho. Zama ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo engadini yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi maduze uzojoyina i-"Shuntuk giant".

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