I-cypress iyisitshalo esihlala sivela emndenini weCypress. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zingamelwa izihlahlana noma izihlahla ezinomqhele we-pyramidal noma wokusabalalisa. Yize amagatsha embozwe ngenaliti, lezi zitshalo zingama-thermophilic. Izwe lakubo yi-subtropics nethropiki yaseMedithera, eCrimea, eCaucasus, eHimalaya, eChina, eCalifornia, eLebanon, eSyria. Ubuhle be-laconic nephunga elimangalisa kakhulu liheha abalimi abaningi. Kuyiqiniso, ama-cypress alleys abukeka emuhle, kepha akubona bonke abantu abanethuba lokuwukhulisa, kepha isihlahla esincane esizeni futhi ngisho ebhodweni sitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umuntu.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Ngaphandle, i-cypress yisihlahla esidala esingama-18-25 m ukuphakama noma isihlahla (1.5-2 m ukuphakama). Ukwakheka komqhele wayo kuhluke kakhulu. I-cypress ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu eminyakeni yokuqala, bese ifaka imizwa embalwa kuphela. Isikhathi sakhe sokuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo zeminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 ubudala. Iziqu ziqonde noma zigobile. Zimbozwe ngegxolo elincanyana elibushelelezi. Kumahlumela amasha, anombala onsundu, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka uthola umbala we-brown-brown and ukuthungwa okucijile.
Amagatsha anendawo eyindilinga noma eyinxantathu yesiphambano embozwe ngamaqabunga amancane. Esakhula, asala ngemuva, abese ecindezela kakhulu amahlumela. Kancane kancane, amaqabunga afana ne-awl ayaqina. Ngaphezulu, ungabona kahle inkomba (i-gland kawoyela). Kwesinye isikhathi kuyehluka hhayi ekukhululekeni kuphela, kepha nakuwo umehluko ohlukile. Ubude beplates eluhlaza okotshani bungu-2 mm.
I -ypress ingeyama-gymnosperms angama-monoecious. Izigaxa zabesilisa nabesifazane (imigwaqo) zitholakala kumuntu ngamunye. Izitho zobudoda (ama-microstrobils) zibukeka njengenduku encane eneqabunga eline-spore (sporophyll). Eduze kukhona into ekhiqiza abesifazane - i-megastrobil.
Ngemuva kokuvota (ekwindla konyaka olandelayo), izigaxa eziyindilinga noma ezi-ovoid ezinendawo yokuqina ebukhali ivuthiwe. Zikhula eduze kwegatsha esiqwini esiminyene. Ngaphansi kwesikali sokhuni kukhona imbewu eminingana ecindezelwe komunye nomunye. Zithambile futhi zinamaphiko. Umbungu ungaba nama-cotyledons ayi-2-4.
Izinhlobo zeCypress
Ngenxa yenombolo encane nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla ze-cypress, ososayensi abakwazi ukuza ohlelweni lokuhlangana oluhlangene. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyi-14-25. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezithile ezingaphansi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zokulima okuhlobisa.
I-cypress yase-Arizona. Umuthi ongavikeleli ukuqothuka nesithwathwa onomqhele osakazekayo ukhula ngo-21 m ukuphakama. Igxolo lamellar elinsundu elimnyama kancane liyaphuma. Amagatsha amasha ambozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza onqenqemeni.
I-cypress ihlala iluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo esimelana nokubanda futhi simelana nesomiso ngendlela yesihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama sinomqhele we-pyramidal. Siqukethe amagatsha anyuka ngokuqinile acindezelwe esiqwini. Ngasikhathi sinye, isiqu sobukhulu asidluli ku-60 cm. Amahlumela amancanyana ambozwe ngamahlamvu amahle wesikali sombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izigaxa ezimile zine-taupe. Ukuvuthwa, ama-flakes diverge nezinhlamvu ezingaba ngu-20 zitholakala ngaphakathi.
I-cypress enkulu enezithelo. Abakhileyo eCalifornia bakhula ngokuphakama ngamamitha angama-20. Kuthatha isimo sesihlahla ngesigaxa esigobile. Isiqu sesitshalo esisha sivele sibheke phezulu, kodwa kancane kancane amagatsha agobeka njengesithombe esihle noma i-bonsai enkulu. Izinhlobo:
- IGoldcrest Wilma - isihlahla esincane noma isihlahla esincane esifinyelela ku-2 m ubude simbozwe ngenaliti ekhanyayo ekhanyayo;
- I-Variegata - izinaliti ezintanjeni ezincane ezinamabala amhlophe;
- Iziqhekeza - amapheshana amancane okulingisa ahlukaniswe amagatsha.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-cypress ekhiqizwa yimbewu nokusika. Imbewu esanda kutshalwa ihlwanyelwa kuphela entwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithelo ezivulekile zihlukanisa futhi zikhulule izinto zokutshala. Ihlanganiswe kabusha esiqandisini izinyanga eziyi-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa amahora ayi-12 emanzini afudumele nge-kwalokho okufakwa ekukhuliseni bese kuhlwanyelwa ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukile noma ebhokisini eliqhele ngamasentimitha angama-4. Amandla aqukethe ukukhanya kokukhanya. Ngakho-ke lokho kukhanya kwelanga ngqo akuwehlela. Ukushisa kufanele kube phakathi kuka + 18 ... + 21 ° C. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi livuthwa njalo. Ngokuphakama kwezithombo ka-5-6 cm ziyantshontsha. Intamo yezimpande ijulelwe ezingeni langaphambili. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukwanda kuzoba ngu-20-25 cm.
Kwabasikiwe sebenzisa ama-apical lignified amahlumela apical. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi babe nesithende (isigaba segxolo lesiqu). Amahlamvu aphansi ayasuswa, bese isilamba siphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ngemuva kwalokho bamfaka kwiKornevin. Izimbambo zingcwatshwa kukwesithathu kokuphakama. Moisturize inhlabathi kahle bese ukumboza izitshalo nge cap esobala. Njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa bese kukhishwa i-condensate. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya
Ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-cypress zilungele ukutshala ngaphakathi. Yonke imfihlo ukukhula kancane. Kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla ziyeke ukungena endlini. I-rhizome yesitshalo iyazwela impela, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kwenziwa kuphela lapho kunesidingo, ngokulondolozwa kokwehla komhlaba. Imbiza kufanele ibe yanele ngokwanele futhi izinze. Inhlabathi yakhiwe:
- inhlabathi enodaka;
- Peat;
- umhlaba wamashidi;
- isihlabathi.
Phansi, izinto zokudonsa amanzi kusuka ku-bark echobozekile, shards wobumba noma izitini eziphukile empeleni zibekwa.
Isibani I-cypress idinga ukukhanya kosuku olude nokukhanya okugqamile kepha okungahambi kahle. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukuvikela elangeni eliqondile kuyadingeka. Kufanele futhi uvule umoya egumbini noma ukhiphe isitshalo ngaphandle. Ebusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kungadingeka.
Ukushisa Yize i-cypress ihlala eningizimu, kunzima kuyo ukubekezelela ukushisa ngaphezulu kuka-25 ° C. Ubusika bufanele bube bushubisa ngisho noma (+ 10 ... + 12 ° C). Ekamelweni eliseduze nemishini yokushisa, amagatsha azoqala ukoma.
Umswakama. Izitshalo zidinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke zihlala zifafazwa noma zibekwe eduze komthombo wamanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinaliti zingakhubazeka futhi zome, okusho ukuthi isihlahla ngeke sime.
Ukunisela. Izikhukhula zenhlabathi azivunyelwe, ngakho i-cypress iniselwa njalo, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Inhlabathi kufanele yome kuphela phezu komhlaba. Ebusika, emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukunisela kuyancishiswa.
Umanyolo NgoMeyi-Agasti, i-cypress yangaphakathi iniselwa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali njalo ngenyanga. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaqhubeka ebusika, kepha kwenze njalo emavikini angama-6-8. Futhi, ukwenza ngcono ukubukeka, ungangeza u- "Epin" ku-fluid spray yesithsaba.
Ukulima kwangaphandle
Izinhlobo ze-cypress ezilwa nesithwathwa zingatshalwa ngisho nasenkabeni yeRussia, ingasaphathwa eyezindawo ezifudumele. Ngaphambi kokwehla, isiza kufanele silungiselelwe. Kulokhu, inhlabathi yembozwe nge turf, peat, isihlabathi kanye ne sheet sheet. Umgodi wokutshala wembiwa ujule kakhulu kunama-rhizomes ukuze uthulule ungqimba oluyindilinga lwezinto zokudonswa phansi. Okokuqala, kufanele ufunde izici zezinhlobo ezikhethiwe ukuze unqume ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezitshalo. Kufanele kukhulu kunobubanzi bomqhele ukuze izitshalo zingaphazamisi futhi zingagcini ukunqwabelana.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, ngenkathi kugcinwa inqwaba yobumba. Izinhlobo ezintsha zakhiwa ukusekelwa ngokhuni. Ngokuzayo, lingasuswa. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esithandekayo engadini, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle.
Inhlabathi ayikwazi ukomiswa, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi. Ukuguquguquka, umswakama ugcwala umoya, nakho okubalulekile. Uma kungekho imvula, akukho ngaphansi kwesigaxa samanzi esithelwa masonto onke ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi kaningi. Umqhele ufafazwa njalo.
Ukutshala izitshalo ezincane kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isixazululo se-superphosphate noma i-mullein. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-5 yokuphila, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyancishiswa. Zenziwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukunikeza izihlahla ngesimo, zihlala zigawulwa. NgoMashi, amagatsha aqandisiwe futhi awomile ayasuswa. Izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesikhathi sonyaka zifeza izinwele zokubumba. Akuwona ama-30% amahlumela asuswa ngasikhathi. Ngokuqapha, udinga ukunciphisa izitshalo ekwindla, ngoba zingathinteka kakhulu ebusika. Kepha ukugunda kwezinwele okwenziwa ekwindla kuvuselela ukubukeka kwezinqubo ezilandelanayo nokuqina kwesithsaba. Lokhu futhi kuhle.
Ebusika, izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa kufanele zimbozwe, noma ezinye zazo zingakwazi ukubekezelela amafrimu wesikhathi esifushane aze afike ku-20 ° C. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ama-cypress agcwele umswakama. Ukunisela kwenza kube kuningi. Ebusika, izihlahlana nezihlahla eziphansi zimbozwa ngezinto ezingasokiwe, kanti inhlabathi ezimpandeni imbozwe ngamahlamvu awile. Imvamisa, iqhwa lisebenza njengesixhobo esihle sokushisa ukushisa, kodwa futhi lithwala ingozi. Imithambo yeqhwa esindayo ingaphula amagatsha, ngakho-ke kufanele ichotshozwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Izitshalo ezinde ze-pyramidal ziboshwe nge-twine bese ziyahlanganiswa.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
I-cypress inokuzivikela okungcono komzimba. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, akaguli nhlobo. Uma inhlabathi ihlala igcwele, ukubola kwezimpande kungakhula. Ukulwa nayo, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kuyenziwa, imishini yezolimo iyashintshwa bese umqhele we-Epin ufafazwe.
Ezikhungweni, amabala kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu zivame ukuvela. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukufafaza njalo kanye nokuthambisa umoya. Lapho izimuncagazi sezivele sezizinzile, lesi sitshalo siphathwa nge-Actellic.
Uma amagatsha omile ku-cypress, lokhu kukhombisa ukukhanya okunganele nomswakama. Inkinga efanayo ingaqhamuka ezinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa. Ukuze isitshalo singalimazi, akufanele uvame ukusihlenga kabusha ususuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye. Ukuze uqinise i-cypress, iZircon encane yengezwa emanzini okunisela.
Ukusetshenziswa kweCypress
Izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza nezihlahla ezinobukhulu obuhle zisetshenziswa ngentshiseko ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Bakha ama-eseys noma uthango. Izitshalo ezikhulu kakhulu phakathi kotshani zibukeka zihle. Izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo zilungele ukuhlobisa izindunduma ezinamadwala nama-rockeries. Izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezibucayi zasendlini zigcwalisa igumbi ngephunga elimnandi futhi zihlanze ukuhlobisa.
Amafutha anamakha atholakala ezinalwaneni zezinhlobo ezithile. Isetshenziselwa amaseshini we-aromatherapy futhi ngezinjongo zokwelashwa, njenge-antiseptic, antispasmodic, tonic kanye ne-antirheumatic ejenti.
Ukuhogela kwe-cypress kuxosha amabhu nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ama-Sprigs angasika futhi abekwe ngaphandle kwendlu. I-Resin resin iyindawo yokulondolozwa enhle kakhulu futhi ibonakala ngezici ze-fungicidal. Ngisho naseGibhithe lasendulo, lalisetshenziselwa ukugqumisa Izinkuni ezikhanyayo nezinamandla nazo ziyaziswa. Ubuciko nezakhiwo ezenziwe nge-cypress zisebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu.
