I-Hyacinth - imbali ethambile yothando enenhliziyo eluhlaza, efana nesixhaxha sonke, i-inflorescence. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Asparagus. Umhlaba wendabuko walesi sitshalo yiNyakatho Afrika, iMedithera kanye ne-Asia Minor. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingatshalwa ngisho nasendaweni evulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, kuvela umcibisholo bese kuqhuma izimbali ezikhanyayo kuyo. Akumangazi ukuthi ama-hyacinths ajwayele ukusetshenziswa njengesipho ebhodweni ngamaholide entwasahlobo. Ungafinyelela ukuqhakaza ukuya kolunye idethi. Imvamisa, ekugcineni kokuqhakaza, abantu abazi ukuthi bangayinakekela kanjani i-bulb futhi bayilahle nje, kepha akunzima kangako ukugcina imbali iminyaka eminingana futhi bakhuphule nezitshalo.
Ukuvela kwesitshalo
IHyacinth iyisitshalo esine-herbaceous impela. Yondliwa yisibalo esiyindilinga embozwe ngesikali esimnyama. Izimpande zakhe ezinsundu ezikhanyayo ziyahluma kusuka phansi. Ukuqhubeka kwe-bulb isiqu esinamanzi esivela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ebusweni bomhlaba. Isisekelo sehlumela lifihlwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga aminyene, afaka imbobo yomugqa. Zinombala oluhlaza ocacile futhi cishe zilingana ekuphakameni komcibisholo wezimbali.
Ingaphezulu lesiqu lihlotshiswe nge-inflorescence enobukhulu bendabuko, enamakhorali amaningi asayizi aphakathi wesimo esenziwe bell noma esigaxa. Izimbali ziqukethe ama-petals ayi-5 afakiwe ezansi. Umbala wazo uhluka kakhulu. Kwenzeka nge-monophonic noma nge-motley, ngomucu omude maphakathi ne-petal. Izimbali zihlanganisa umbala omhlophe, opinki, ophuzi, owolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, obomvu, obhulowu. Imiphetho yamacembe igoge ngokuqinile futhi isontekile. Izimbali zibonisa iphunga elimnandi nelinamandla.
Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinambuzane, emva kwalokho amabhlogo wembewu enesikhumba avuthwe, ahlukaniswe izidleke ezi-3. Ngayinye iqukethe imbewu encane engu-2 embozwe yisikhumba esibucayi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hyacinth
Uhlobo lwe-hyacinth lunesizotha kakhulu, lufaka izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezitshalo.
I-Hyacinth Litvinova. Ukudubula kuze kufike ku-25 cm ukuphakeme kumbozwe ngebhulashi elivulekile lezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinamahlamvu amancane, asontekile. Kuqhamuke izimbotshana ezikhungathekile. Amacembe aqhakaze phezulu anombala oluhlaza okotshani.
I-Trans-Caspian hyacinth. I-1-2 ihluma ize ikhule ibe ngu-20 cm kusuka kunhlamvu ngayinye. Inani elincanyana lezimbali ezinkulu zeshubhu zohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lukhula engxenyeni engenhla ye-peduncle. Ama-petals akhula ndawonye cishe ngokuphelele futhi ahlukaniswa kuphela onqenqemeni. Amaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo abanzi futhi ayinyama, apendwe emthunzini omnyama oluhlaza.
I-hyacinth eseMpumalanga. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu, eziye zaba yisisekelo sezinto eziningi zokuhlobisa. I-peduncle emincane imbozwe ngokubabazekayo ngezimbali ezimnandi zeshubhu ezidwetshwe ngemithunzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, omhlophe kanye opinki. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngombala:
- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - I-Delft eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo emcibishweni kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude), uMarie (amnyama amacembe aluhlaza okotshani onsomi);
- pink - ethokozisayo (ibhulashi eliminyene lezinkanyezi ezipinki ezikhanyayo kufika ku-4 cm ubukhulu), i-moreno (izimbali ezi-raspberry-pink ezihlanganisiwe), i-yang bos (ibhulashi elingafika ku-8 cm ubude liqukethe izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo);
- i-orange nephuzi - indlovukazi ye-jeepsie (izimbali ezinama-petals amancane acashile apendwe ngombala we-salmon-orange); I-Yellow Hammer (ibhulashi ebanzi ngophuzi ogqamile, kancane kancane umbala wayo);
- mhlophe - ICarnegie (ibhulashi elimhlophe ngokweqhwa elimhlophe kakhulu ngezimbali ezilula), ikristalu leqhwa (izimbali ezimhlophe zethilitha zivula maduze nje kunabanye).
Izindlela zokuzala
Ama-Hyacinths awazalisi kabusha ngentshiseko, kepha ngomzamo ofanele, kungenzeka ukuthola izitshalo ezintsha. Ungasebenzisa imbewu nezindlela zemifino. Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu kufanelekile emsebenzini wokuzalela noma wezitshalo zezitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phakathi nekwindla, amabhokisi anengxube yenhlabathi yeshidi, i-humus nesihlabathi ayalungiswa. Imbewu eqoqwe kabusha isatshalaliswa kuyo ukuze ifinyelele kumuntu ongu-0.5-1 cm. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwe egumbini elipholile. Hlala uvundise inhlabathi njalo ususe i-condensation. Lapho kuqala amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ama-hyacinths ayavezwa. Iminyaka emi-2 ikhule kumakhreyithi bese kuphela isidluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukile noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Izithombo zezimbali ziqala ngeminyaka engu-5-7 yokuphila.
Ukuzala kabusha i-bulb kungasetshenziswa. Esisekelo seqabunga lokuqala, kwakhiwa izinso ezinkulu, okuvela kuzo umntwana. Isibungu sendodakazi sikhula kancane, kepha, lapho sesivuthiwe ngokuphelele, sihlukanisa kalula futhi ukuqhakaza ngokushesha.
Iziqalo zezingane ngamanani amakhulu zakhiwa eceleni komngcele ongezansi, kodwa ngentuthuko yazo kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlehla noma ukunqume ngokuphelele phansi kubuncane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isibani esikhulu (esingaphezu kuka-5 cm ubukhulu). Sika phansi noma lonke isibani esisikekile cishe esingama-6 mm sitshalwe sibheke phezulu enhlabathini. Izinso zithinta kuphela inhlabathi. Izitshalo ziqukethe emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-21 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, endaweni yokusika, ungathola u-anyanisi omncane ogcwele. Inani labo lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-20- 40. Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esejwayelekile. Izimbali ziqala eminyakeni emi-3-4.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukuze i-hyacinth ikhule ebhodweni ekhaya, idinga ukudala izimo ezinethezekile kunazo zonke. UTara akakhethi okujulile kakhulu, usayizi ophakathi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka ungqimba olubanzi lwezinto zokudonsa. Ama-bulb ama-1-3 abekwe esitsheni sinye. Kufanele kube nesikhala samahhala esanele ukuze izitshalo zingangeni ezindongeni zezimbiza nangazo. Ukujula kakhulu ezintweni zokutshala akukufanele. Cishe isigamu sokuphakama kwe-isibani kufanele sibe ngaphezulu.
Ingxube yenhlabathi yokutshala yenziwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Peat;
- i-humus eqondile;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- isihlabathi;
- umhlaba wefudu.
Zithathwa ngokulinganayo, zixutshwe kahle futhi zibulawa magciwane. Abanye abalimi bahluma izinhlamvu emanzini. Kungenzeka, kepha uketshezi kufanele luqukethe inani elidingekayo lomanyolo wamaminerali.
Ibhodwe le-hyacinth kufanele libekwe endaweni enokhanyayo. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele sithathe amahora angama-15 noma ngaphezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu ngeke kutholakale ngaphandle kwama-phytolamp. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, uzodinga isithunzi esivela elangeni eliqondile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukungena egumbini ngokuvamile, kepha imbali kufanele ivikeleke kokusalungiswa.
IHyacinth ithanda ukuphola. Uzizwa engcono kakhulu ku- + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ehlobo, kuyalulekwa ukubeka lesi sitshalo kuvulandi noma ku-veranda.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ze-bulb, i-hyacinth kufanele iniselwe ngokunakekelwa ukuze uketshezi lungahambi eduze kwe-bulb. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukubola kuzokhula ngokushesha. Kungcono ukunisela ngepani. Kuhlanzwa kahle, amanzi afudumele asetshenziselwa ukunisela.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukufafaza isitshalo, kuvame ukuguquguquka kumswakama ojwayelekile egumbini. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amaconsi amanzi azoholela ekushwabeni okusheshayo kwamahlamvu.
I-Hyacinth iyaphendula kahle ngokugqoka okuphezulu. Ngenkathi yokukhula izikhathi ezingama-2-3 sebenzisa ingxubevange yamaminerali ngendlela yemiganu noma ukugxila. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, inhlabathi iniselwa ngamanzi amancane ahlanzekile.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukunakekelwa kwe-hyacinth kuba umthwalo omncane ngisho. Ukunisela kuncishiswa kakhulu ngokulinda ama-peduncle namaqabunga aqothule futhi omile. Amabhuleki kufanele abiwe, ahlolwe ngomonakalo, futhi abulawe amagciwane neKarbofos. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa emanzini ashisayo (50 ° C) imizuzu eyi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-bulbs omisiwe emoyeni omusha endaweni ebomvu, epholile (+ 20 ° C). Gcina ama-hyacinths ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma emabhokisini izinyanga ezintathu. Amaviki awu-8 okuqala, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 25 ° C, bese lehliselwa ku + 17 ° C. Ngaphambi kokwehla okulandelayo, fudumeza kuze kufike ku + 30 ° C isonto lonke.
I-Hyacinth yangaphandle
Engadini yama-hyacinths, kukhethwa indawo enokhanya kahle enenhlabathi evulekile. Ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukumpande, kepha i-peduncle ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokuvela. Sekuyizinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukulungiselela isiza. Bayawugumba, bahlukanise imvunulo yomhlaba, futhi basuse ukhula nezimpande ezindala. Uma kunesidingo, kufakwa umquba obolile, i-superphosphate, i-peat nesihlabathi enhlabathini. Ufulawa weDolomite ungezwa nenhlabathi ene-asidi kakhulu.
Amabhulebhu anedayimitha engu-5 cm atshalwa aze aba ngu-15-18 cm kusuka phansi, nebanga eli-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kumabhule amancane, lezi zinkomba ziyancipha. Ukuvikela okutshalekile ku fungus, yakha umcamelo wesihlabathi obukhulu obuyi-3-5 cm. Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngesimo sezulu esomile. Ngokushesha emva kokukhwabanisa, inhlabathi iyaniselwa.
Ukunakekelwa njalo kwehlela ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela ngokungabi bikho kwemvula isikhathi eside.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukondla kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga. Izithako zamaminerali kanye ne-organic zingasetshenziswa (i-mullein, i-nitrate, i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate).
Ukushiya ama-hyacinths engadini isikhathi sokuphumula akunconywa. Zimbiwa minyaka yonke, zicutshungulwe futhi zixazululwe, uma kungenjalo izimbali ziba buthakathaka. Ukumba izitshalo kufanele kube maphakathi noJuni, ngaphandle kokulinda amaqabunga ukuba abune ngokuphelele, ngoba kulokhu kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola izinhlamvu emhlabathini. Ziyageza futhi zibulawe amagciwane, kuthi emva kokoma, zigcinwe endaweni epholile.
Ukutshala izithombo zezihlahla
Ngohlelo olujwayelekile lokunakekelwa, ukuqhuma kwe-hyacinth kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwembali kungenzeka ngesinye isikhathi. Isibonelo, kunoma yimuphi umcimbi obalulekile. Ngosizo lokuphoqelela, izimbali ziyavela ngoDisemba-Meyi.
Kuyalulekwa ukuvikela ukuqhakaza ngesikhathi sangaphambilini sokuzila. I-peduncle ebonakalayo inqunywa ngokushesha. Ezinyangeni ezi-2-2,5 ngaphambi komcimbi ohlosiweko, isibaluli kufanele sibekwe esiqandisini kanye nembiza. Umhlabathi umanzi kabi. Ekupheleni kwesonto lesishiyagalombili kuzovela amahlumela. Lapho befika kubude obungu-5-6 cm, imbiza idluliselwa egumbini elipholile nelikhanyiswe kahle. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela kwenzeka ngokushesha, ngokushesha athole i-hue eluhlaza eluhlaza futhi kuqhakaze izimbali.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ama-Hyacinths anokuzivikela okuhle kokuvikela, kepha ahlushwa izifo zokukhunta ngokuphulwa okuncane kombuso wokunisela. Lapho selinaleli gciwane, amaqabunga aqala ukoma, futhi ukuqhakaza kube kungenzeki nhlobo, noma kuningi futhi kuvame ukuphela. I-bulb eyembiwe ngokwayo imbozwe nge-mucus futhi ifaka iphunga elingajabulisi. Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhubhise isilo esinegciwane kanye nenhlama yomhlaba futhi uqhubeke nokucubungula okwenzeka eduze kwakho ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.
Ama-parasites awavame ukuhlala kulesi sitshalo. Ngokuvamile lezi yizimpukane zezimbali, izimbungulu noma izicabucabu zesicabucabu. Ungabasusa ngosizo lwama-insecticides anamuhla kanye nama-acaricides.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngemuva kwenkathi etshisayo, amahlamvu we-hyacinth akhula kahle, futhi i-peduncle ayiveli nhlobo noma iyeke ukukhula okungenani ebusweni bomhlaba. Isizathu asikho kulesi sifo, kodwa ekunakekelweni okungafanele. Imvamisa lokhu kungenxa yokunisela ngokweqile noma ingcindezi ku-rhizome. Esikhathini samanje, ngeke kwenzeke ukulungisa lesi simo, kodwa ngokuzayo lesi sitshalo singathokozisa ngezimbali.
