Izimbali ezinkulu ezibukeka njenge-chamomile, kepha zipendiwe ngemibala egqamile ehlukahlukene - lezi ngama-gerberas. Kwi-floriculture yangaphakathi, izitshalo bezaziwa isikhathi eside. Kepha endaweni evulekile, ukutshala kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezithile. Kepha kulabo abathandana nalezi zimbali ezinhle, akukho okungenakwenzeka. Izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa zilungele izingadi zaseningizimu namapaki. Kodwa abatshali bezimbali bezifunda ezipholile, bezazi izimfihlo ezincane, bangakha namagumbi amahle engadini yabo futhi bajabulele imibala emihle. Njengoba usuqonde ama-nuances okutshala nokunakekela ama-gerberas engadini, ungenza icebo lakho siqu licace ngokwengeziwe.
Umlando we-Gerbera neNcazelo
I-Afrika esishisayo akuyona nje kuphela ugwadule olungapheli. Izwekazi lanikeza umhlaba izitshalo eziningi ezingajwayelekile, phakathi kwazo kukhona okuqhakaza izimbali. Omunye wabamele izimbali zase-Afrika wachazwa okokuqala ngo-1737. Leli gama lahlonzwa udokotela waseGerman uTraugott Gerber. Ngicabanga ukuthi usuvele uqagele ukuthi sizokhuluma ngama-gerberas.
Kukhona amanye amagama we-gerbera. Isibonelo, ezincwadini zesiNgisi, isitshalo sibizwa nge- “transvaal daisy / daisy”.
IGerbera ifana kakhulu ne-daisy enesizotha, kepha umbala ogqamile uyenza indlovukazi yangempela yengadi yezimbali
IGerbera ihlanganisa ukubukeka okunesizotha kwe-chamomile nobubanzi obukhulu bemibala lapho izimbali zipendiwe. Lawa ama-perennials e-herbaceous akhule ngempumelelo emhlabathini ovulekile, emagumbini okugcina izithombo ezihlala ezindlini nasefasiteleni elifakwayo. Imbali ekhanyayo ibamba iqhaza elibambe iqhaza emisebenzini eminingi yezindawo zomhlaba nezingoma zezimbali.
Amaqabunga aphakanyiswe kahle anombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka aluhlaza aqokelelwa ku-rosette eyisisekelo. Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswe kahle. Isisekelo sepuleti lamaqabunga, ama-peduncle kanye ne-petioles zezinhlobo ezithile zimbozwe nge-fluff. Imbali inama-inflorescences aster ajwayelekile - obhasikidi abekwe emaceleni amade, afinyelela ku-60 cm, kanye nezithungo zezimbali ezingenawo amaqabunga. Ububanzi be-gerbera inflorescence buya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Kukhona nezimbali ezincane - ukuya ku-4 cm, futhi ezinkulu - 15 cm. I-inflorescence iqoqwa kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zezimbali. Amakhulu amaningana wezimbali ngazinye angahlanganiswa kubhasikidi owodwa. Ngemuva kwezimbali, izithelo ziyakhiwa - i-achene.
Eqinisweni, i-gerbera inflorescence iqukethe amakhulu ezimbali ngazinye
Ngendlela, mayelana nohlelo lombala wesitshalo. Emakethe ungathola ama-gerberas anemibala ehlukahlukene nemithunzi yawo - obomvu, pink, ophuzi, onsomi, omhlophe, owolintshi, okhilimu. Mhlawumbe umbala kuphela ongakwazi ukuphindwa kabusha ngendlela yemvelo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iphalethi yombala kaGerbera
Gerbera emhlabathini ovulekile
IGerbera ingesinye sezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu somhlaba ovulekile, okwazi ukuhlobisa ekhoneni engadini evulekile, ingadi yezimbali, ipaki yomphakathi. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka izimpande zase-Afrika zesitshalo. Izinyanga zasehlobo maphakathi neRussia ziyaneliswa imbali enhle, kodwa ngesimo sokuthi ngeke kube nomehluko emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nobusuku. Kepha ekwindla ebandayo nobusika bangeqhwa akubona bonke izimo lapho i-gerbera ikwazi ukubusika. Uma ungabhuli imbali ngesikhathi, izoshintsha ibe yonyaka, okungukuthi, izokufa nje bese kuthi intwasahlobo elandelayo kuzofanela utshale isitshalo esisha.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, isimo sezulu senkabazwe yeRussia asihloselwe ukutshala unyaka wonke ubuhle base-Afrika emhlabathini ovulekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo zesimo sezulu, imbali ikhula kahle ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma emabhodweni eselula.
Kepha abahlali bezifunda ezifudumele baba nenhlanhla enkulu. Ubusika obumnandi bulungele isikhathi sokuphumula emgaqweni, kepha ukubeka isistimu yezimpande ngenqwaba yamaqabunga awileyo noma utshani kuyisimo esibaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kwembali. Kungenxa yalokhu kunakekelwa lapho i-gerbera ikwazi ukukhula isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
ENingizimu, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukudalula amandla ayo aphelele. Ama-inflorescence makhulu, awapheli amandla isikhathi eside kanye nenani elikhulu lezimbali ezitshalweni esisodwa.
IGerbera iqhakaza ihlobo lonke. Imibala ekhanyayo ijabulisa iso izinyanga ezingama-3-4. Kepha le nkathi ingahluka, konke kuncike ezimfanelweni zezinhlobonhlobo noma ezihlanganisiwe. Uma ufuna ukuqoqa isixha sezimbali eziqhakazile, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi i-peduncle iqedwe noma isontwe ngokucophelela kusuka esikhwameni seqabunga, siqaphele ukuthi singasilimazi. Uma kungasala nesiqeshana esincane sesiqu ngemuva kokuthenwa, isitshalo singabola size sife.
Ama-gerberas amahle kakhulu azizwa emuhle ezifundeni ezifudumele futhi angabanda nobusika emgwaqweni
Izimo ezikhulayo
- Ebusika, i-gerbera izizwa imnandi ekushiseni kuka-6 - 8 ° C. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukusinda ezinyangeni zasebusika ngokushisa okuphakathi kuka-0 kuya ku-3 ° C, ekubeni emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwendawo yokuphephela ethembekile.
- Naphezu kothando oluningi lokukhanya kwelanga, imbali idinga ukushintshwa kancane ngezikhathi zamahora asemini ashisa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga angabuna kancane. Kodwa ngokufika kusihlwa okupholile kwe-turgor kuzo kuyabuyiselwa.
- IGerbera ayidingi ukufafazwa ngokukhethekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi umswakama osungene endaweni yokuphuma yamaqabunga ungadala inqubo yokubola, engabhubhisa isitshalo sonke.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zasendlini nezangaphandle
Izitshalo eziqinile ezine-peduncle ephezulu kanye ne-inflorescence enkulu zikhule emhlabathini ovulekile. Zibekezelela futhi zilwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
E-floriculture yangaphakathi, kukhethwa kunikezwa inzalo ecwengekile ene-compact enama-peduncle amafushane nezimbali ezincane. Lezi zitshalo zithathelwa kakhudlwana futhi zifuna izimo zokuphila nokunakekelwa.
Funda kabanzi ngokutshala ama-gerberas angaphakathi esihlokweni.
Ngokungafani ne-gerbera ekhule ngaphandle, izinhlobo zasendlini zihlanganisiwe ngosayizi.
Izinhlobo ezidumile, nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe
Emvelweni, ngokwemithombo eyehlukene, kunezinhlobo ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-80, ezisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Afrika naseMadagascar. Ngenxa yempumelelo ephezulu yentengiso yezimbali, umsebenzi wokuzalela awumi ngisho nomzuzu. Njengomphumela, kudalwa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo kanye nzalo ehlukile komunye nomunye ngokubonakala kwama-inflorescence nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-gerbera imvamisa ihlukaniswa yizimpawu zangaphandle:
- izimbali ezincane;
- izimbali ezinkulu ezimacembe;
- izimbali ezinkulu-ezinkulu;
- i-terry;
- uhhafu terry.
Kepha abasunguli bawo bonke lobu bukhazikhazi babhekwa njengezinhlobo ezi-2 - i-gerbera kaJameson kanye ne-green leaf gerbera.
Abalimi banikezwa ukhetho olukhulu lwezitshalo zasengadini. Ngizochaza ezimbalwa kuphela zazo:
- Gerber Jameson. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengesitshalo esifanele ingadi. I-Herbaceous perennial inesihlahla esiqinile. Amacembe akhuphuke kancane (afinyelela ku-20 cm), ngesinye isikhathi anama-pubescence amancane, aqoqwa kusokisi. I-Peduncle iminyene, ayiphezulu kakhulu. I-inflorescence efana ne-daisy ifinyelela ku-10 cm ubukhulu. Inkathi ende yezimbali (kuze kube amasonto ama-3) nemibala egqamile yenza le nhlobo ibe isivakashi esamukelekile e-flowerbed.
Gerber Jameson - ukhokho wezindlela eziningi ezi-hybrid
- Gerbera engadini hybrid Garvinea Amaphupho Amnandi. Isitshalo esikhulu sisha engadini. Isihlahla sifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-45 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30- 40. I-hybrid ishaya ngobuningi bezimbali, ngoba ngasikhathi sinye sitshalo singakhiqiza ama-peduncle afinyelela kwangama-20. Umbala uhlukahlukene. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kokuwa.
IGorbera Garvinea Amaphupho Amnandi inesikhathi eside sezimbali
- IGerbera hybrid (patio) Klondike. Isitshalo sikhulu - ukuphakama kwesihlahla nobubanzi baso kucishe kulingana ngosayizi - cm 45. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, i-hybrid inganikeza izimbali ezingama-50. Ukushaya ngezithunzi eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Izimbali zinkulu - kufika ku-12 cm ubukhulu, ziwuphinda kabili. Isikhathi sezimbali sisukela kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.
UGerbera Klondike ushaya ngenqwaba yama-peduncle
- Gerbera Abyssinian. I-perennial, ifinyelela ku-45 cm ukuphakama. Amacembe ama-elliptical akha irosette eyisisekelo. Ipuleti linobude obungu-22 cm, ububanzi obuyi-14 cm, kanti imiphetho ihlanjululwe noma iculwe kahle. Iqabunga elincane limbozwe nge-fluff ekhanyayo. Ama-inflorescences awashadile, apical. Izimbali zomhlanga, zipendwe mhlophe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zibe nama-red redies.
IGerbera Abessin - isitshalo esibucayi futhi esihle
- I-Gerbera orange (auranticka). Amacembe ama-elliptical akha irosette. Isihlahla siphansi sinezimpande eziwugqinsi. Ama-inflorescence ama-single basket anemibala e-orange, obomvu okhanyayo, opinki, obomvu onsomi futhi ophuzi. Izimbali eziphakathi zingaba nsomi omnyama noma onsomi.
I-Gerbera orange ivezwa ngamathoni aphuzi-abomvu-orange.
- Gerbera Wright. Amaqabunga e-Lobed noma e-cirrus aqukethe ngokuphelele, kwesinye isikhathi emaphethelweni, abumba irosette ebanzi. I-peduncle ende ithweswe umqhele wezimbali ezinjengembali. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-inflorescence anemibala obomvu, o-orenji, onsomi, ophuzi, opinki. Umaphakathi ungaba ophuzi noma omhlophe.
UGerbera Wright ubukeka njengesidina esikhulu esikhanyayo
- Gerbera Vega. Kubhekiswa ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe zaseMelika. Ihlukaniswa yi-inflorescence enkulu - ifinyelela ku-13 cm ubukhulu kanye nama-petals amade amancane. I-Peduncle ephezulu - 70 cm. Umbala we-orange-ophuzi.
IGerbera Vega - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinamacembe amancane
Izindlela zokufakelwa
Ukuthola i-gerbera emhlabathini ovulekile usebenzisa ukuhlwanyelwa okuqondile kwembewu kungenzeka ukuthi kungaphumelela. Izimo ezikhethekile kakhulu zokuhluma kwazo zizodingeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokutshala embhedeni wezimbali, okokuqala udinga ukukhulisa izithombo. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uqagele, le yinto ethokozisa kakhulu, kepha idinga ukubekezela okuningi.
Okokuqala kufanele uthole imbewu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunquma kahle usuku lwabo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukuhluma kuyaqhubeka kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-10.
Imbewu ingatholakala ngokuzimela kusetshenziswa izitshalo ezikhona. Kepha ngenxa yalokhu kuzodingeka ukuthi uguqukele ekuvinjelweni kweminwe okwenziwa nge-gerbera.
Inhlanyelo ye-gerbera yengadi itjalwa kusuka kuJanuwari kuya ku-Mashi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi unake ukuthi izitshalo ezikhule kusuka ezinhlanzini zizoqhakaza kuphela emva kwezinyanga eziyi-10 - 11, ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kuyinto efiselekayo ngezinhlobonhlobo zengadi.
- Lungiselela ingxube yezakhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha:
- Izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba we-turf;
- 1 ingxenye yeqabunga kanye ne-humus;
- isihlabathi (kodwa hhayi kahle).
- Njengesitsha, sebenzisa amabhodwe asezingeni eliphansi anezimbobo zokudonsa.
- Ukuze ukhiphe ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezinambuzelayo enhlabathini, uyichithe ngesisombululo esishisayo se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi selehlile, qhubeka nokutshala ekhaya.
- Imbewu esondele ngokujulile - cm 0,0-0.3. Kuhle ukuyisakaza enhlabathini enomswakama, bese ufafaza kancane ngenhla eyomile.
- Amaphethini wokufakelwa 3 - 5 mm. Ukukhonkotha okunjalo akukubi, ngoba akuyona yonke imbewu eyohluma.
- Mboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngesikhwama ukudala abamba ukushisa ngaphakathi. Ngcolisa umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile (lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngesibhamu sokufafaza) bese unika umoya indawo yokukhosela. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile lika-18 ° C.
- Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngosuku lwe-5-7. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10, kuvela izithombo ezisele. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, amapheshana zangempela asevele akha zona.
Amahlumela wokuqala avela ekuseni - ngosuku lwe-5
- Thatha ukukhetha lapho kukhona amaqabunga wangempela ayi-3-4 ezitshalweni. Tshala izithombo ezimbizeni ezihlukene ezinobubanzi obungu-8 - 10 cm.
Ukukhetha kuqala kwenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga ama-3-4
- Izinga lokushisa lokukhulisa izithombo lingu-18 - 20 ° C. Indawo iyakhanya, kepha hhayi ukukhanya kwelanga. Okusalungiswa kuyaphulwa. Amanzi kuphela ngemuva kokuthi inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile. Amanzi kufanele abe lokushisa kwasekamelweni.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokukhethwa, ungondla izithombo ezincane ngamanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi amaminerali. Ngokuzayo lapho kuhlanganiswa ikhambi lezakhi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 - 25.
- Uma amawindi akho ebheke enyakatho, khona-ke izithombo zingase zingabi nokukhanya okwanele kwemvelo. Lungisa lesi simo bese umisa ukwelulwa kwezithombo kuzosiza amalambu we-fluorescent.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-gerbera - ividiyo
Izithombo zeGerbera zinethenda kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ususe amaphutha angabhubhisa izithombo:
- ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo;
- umswakama ophakeme;
- ukungahambisani nombuso wokushisa;
- ukukhanya okuphansi;
- ukujula kwentamo yezimpande ngesikhathi sokuntywila.
Ukufakelwa emhlabathini kungenzeka kuphela lapho usongo lwamafrimu asebusuku luphela. Izimo ezinjalo zikhula ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukufakelwa kamuva kuzonciphisa isikhathi sezimbali esinokwenzeka. Kepha okokuqala, udinga ukuthola indawo efanele ubuhle obugqamile. Lokhu kufanele kube yindawo ekhanyiswe kahle, emthunzini wokuqhakaza izimbali ngeke ulinde. Futhi uma izimbali zivela, zizoba zincane nezincane. Kodwa ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho ilanga linolaka kakhulu ehlobo, isithunzi esisakazekile ntambama siyanxaneleka i-gerbera. Yize isihlahla esivuthiwe singasabi umoya, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi isitshalo sivikelekile ekugelezeni komoya okukhona.
Izithombo eziqinile nezinempilo kuphela ezilungele indawo evulekile. Labo abangaqinile ngokwanele bangcono bashiywe emabhodweni futhi baqhubeke nokubanakekela besesimweni esihle.
Ngomhlaba ovulekile, lungisa kuphela izitshalo eziqinile nezinempilo.
Ngaphambi kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zidinga ukuqiniswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izitshalo ezincane ngaphandle, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi abasichitha emoyeni omusha.
Maphakathi neRussia ehlobo, ukungafani kokushisa kwasemini nobusuku kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lungiselela indawo yokukhosela ekhanyiselwe engaphansi kocingo noma izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, okumele zimboze i-gerbera uma kwenzeka kuphola obukhali.
Inhlabathi embhedeni wezimbali kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili:
- hlanza ukhula, bambe kahle, unezela isihlabathi kanye ne-peat ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. I-friability ephezulu, umswakama nomoya ukuvuleka kwenhlabathi - izimo eziphambili zokukhula ngempumelelo. UGerbera ukhetha inhlabathi enenkomba ye-acidity engathathi hlangothi;
- ngoba isitshalo sivame ukuhlushwa ukubola kwezimpande, zama ukukukhipha ukwethulwa kwe-humus enhlabathini. Kungadala izifo fungal.
Ukudluliswa kwezinyathelo ngezinyathelo ngezithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
- Bamba umgodi ozokhula ube mncane ngokwedlula izithombo zethambo zobumba.
- Phansi, beka ungqimba oluncane lwamanzi (ungasebenzisa amahlumela amancane emva kokulungisa izihlahla ezinempilo), ukumboza ingaphezulu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi evundile.
- Ukufakelwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokudlulisela. Ngemuva kokubekwa kwenhlama yobumba emgodini, gcwalisa izimbotshana ngenhlabathi nangosizi.
- Igciwane elitshalwe kahle akufanele lingcwatshwe. Ukukhishwa kwamaqabunga kutholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lokufika endaweni ephakeme ngo-1 cm.
- Thela isitshalo esitshaliwe ngaphansi kwempande.
Gerbera emhlabathini ovulekile - ividiyo
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Usuvele uyazi mayelana nendlela yembewu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inezinzuzo nobubi bobabili. Okuhlanganisiwe ukuthi ngosizo lwembewu ungathola izitshalo eziningi ezintsha, azidlulisi izifo, futhi izithombo zikhula ngokushesha. Kepha kunesilinganiso esisodwa esibalulekile - izitshalo ezitholakala emhlolweni azixhasi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlangana kokuhlukahluka.
Njengomthetho, i-gerbera yensimu isatshalaliswa ngo-vegetatively - ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Isitshalo esidala esifinyelele eminyakeni emi-3 singakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphepha ezingxenyeni eziningana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba isihlahla, banciphise uhlelo lwezimpande lube ngu-10 - 15 cm bese beluhlukanisa lube izingxenye ngezimpande kanye namaphuzu wokudubula angu-2 - 3. Ukuvimbela ukubola, amaphuzu asikiwe aphathwa nge-carbon ecijekile eyenziwe isebenze, futhi lapho atshala izitshalo ezintsha emhlabathini, awaqinisi iphuzu lokukhula. Futhi, okokuqala kufanele uzinikeze amathunzi. Inqubo kumele yenziwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukuze abahlukanisi bakwazi ukululama ekushiseni okungama-22 - 24 ° C. Ngendlela, lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside, cishe inyanga.
Izinhlobo ezingama-bushrow-celt bushy zilungele kakhulu le ndlela yokusakazeka.
Ingadi gerbera isakazeka kalula ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ngemuva kokunakekelwa kokufika
Umlingiswa oshubile waseningizimu we-gerbera udinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kuwo ezimweni ezivulekile zomhlaba. Kepha ngiyabonga ngemizamo yethu kungaba umbono omuhle kakhulu - izimbali ezihlala isikhashana.
Ukunisela
Inhlabathi lapho gerbera ikhula khona kufanele ibe nomswakama ngokulinganayo. Lezi zimbali zithanda okushiwo yigolide - azibekezeleli noma ukoma komhlabathi noma ukukhukhumala kwalo ngokweqile. Imvamisa eyisilinganiso yokunisela izikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki, kepha ukutholakala kwezulu kanye nokushisa komoya kufanele kubhekwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo namabhukhimakhi e-bookmark athelwa kaningi kakhulu. Njengamanje lapho iqhakaza liqala ukuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa. Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze izimpande zithole i-oksijini eyanele futhi zingabi nokuhlukumezeka ngokweqile.
Kuyalulekwa ukuthi kutholakale amanzi ngaphansi kwempande namanzi okuthe ukufudumala kwelanga. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sosuku lokunisela kusekuseni kakhulu. Uma, ngesikhathi sokuthambisa, amaconsi amanzi awela emaqabunga noma efihlelweni, khona-ke ngeke abangele ukulimaza isitshalo - umswakama uzovele uvele ngaphambi kokuba ukushisa kuqale. Inqubo yakusihlwa ayithandeki ngenxa ye-hypothermia enezimpande.
Ngakho-ke lawo manzi awadaluli ezimpandeni lapho unisela, faka amanzi embuthanweni ebangeni elingamasentimitha amathathu ukusuka ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesitolo.
Amanzi ekuseni kakhulu ukuze amaconsi amanzi awela esihlahleni avele ngaphambi kokushisa futhi angalimazi
Umanyolo
Beka i-humus ngaphansi kwezihlahla nobulongwe akusifanele, ngoba zingavusa izifo zokukhunta, okuvela kuzo i-gerbera kaningi.
Umanyolo kuphela oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ofanele izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe kumakhompiyutha aqukethe i-nitrogen. Kepha lapho inqubo yokuqhakaza kuqalisa, shintshela kumanyolo aqukethe i-potassium ne-calcium. Lezi macronutrients zizosekela izimbali eziningi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kaningi - kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, kuyilapho ukuqoqwa kwekhambi kwenziwa kubuthakathaka kunokwejwayelekile okukhonjiswe kwiphakheji.
IGerbera emhlabathini ovulekile ivame ukondliwa, kepha umanyolo kumele ungagxiliwe
Ukhula
Umbhede wezimbali onama-gerbera kumele ukalwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Le nqubo izosindisa lesi sitshalo kusuka kubaqhudelani - bayocosha izakhi ezidingekayo ezimbalini nasekunomswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane ziqala otshanini obuthakathaka, obuyogelezela ngenhlamvu emaqabunga amnandi e-chamomile yase-Afrika.
Izihlahla
Ukuze kwandiswe ukuqhakaza kwe-gerbera futhi kugqugquzelwe ukubeka kwezinyawo ezintsha, ama-inflorescences avele kufanele asuswe ngesikhathi. Kepha, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, azinqunywa, kodwa zidwetshwe ezansi noma ziguqulwe kusuka kubhazidi lweshidi.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ngemuva kokuthi i-gerbera inikeze wonke amandla ayo eziqhakaza, kufanele ilungiselelwe ubusika.
Kanjani ubusika eningizimu
Ubusika obuthambile kuphela abangaqinisekisa ubusika obujwayelekile be-gerbera emhlabathini ovulekile. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi isitshalo asidingi indawo yokukhosela.
- Ngemuva kokuba ama-gerberas esebolile, susa zonke iziqu zezimbali, unciphise ukuchelela futhi uyeke ngokuphelele ukumanyisa.
- Indawo yezimpande ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kufanele imbozwe ngesendlalelo esinamaqabunga noma amaqabunga awileyo. Kepha qaphela, amaqabunga adinga ukuqoqwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezinempilo.
- Indlela enhle yokugcina izitshalo zisetshenziswa kuzoba yibhokisi le-plywood noma ibhokisi lekhadibhodi obukhulu kakhulu.
- Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo ngezinsuku ezinelanga, zama ukukhulisa amabhokisi ukuze ujwayele lesi sitshalo ezimeni zemvelo. Ngokuqala kokushisa okuqhubekayo (10 ° C), indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.
By the way, kukhona ama-gerbera hybrids amasha angabekezelela iqhwa elikhulu (ngaphezu kuka-10 ° C), kodwa futhi, adinga indawo yokukhosela, noma ngabe ubusika bufudumele.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, i-gerbera ingesinye sezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
Ubusika enkabeni yeRussia
Kulesi sifunda sezulu, i-gerbera itshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka. Kepha kumele uvume, kuyadabukisa ukuthi kuhlobene nembali engakujabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ngakho-ke, ngokukhula kwe-gerbera njenge-perennial, kuhlinzekwa ukunyakaza kwayo ebusika ezimeni ezifanele. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, lesi sitshalo simbiwa ngenhlama kanye nodaka olubumba bese sidluliselwa ezitsheni ezifanele. Izimo zokugcina kufanele zibe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- indawo enamakamelo angena umoya omncane ngokushisa okuqinile nomswakama ophansi;
- izinga lokushisa 10 - 12 ° С, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 ° С;
- ukuthambisa okungavamile kakhulu kanye nokuntuleka kokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ungafaka imbiza ye-gerbera ku-greenhouse. Uma kungekho-basement noma i-greenhouse, sebenzisa ekhoneni ebanda kunazo zonke efulethini, lapho kungekho ukukhanya okukhanya. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukuphumula kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ukuze kuthi lapho kuqala isizini entsha sithokozise ukuqhakaza izimbali.
Uma ungafuni ukufakelwa i-gerbera kusuka engadini yezimbali uyifaka ebhodlweni lobusika kanye okuphambene nalokho, sebenzisa isitsha lapho imbali izoba ntofontofo kuyo yonke inkathi yonyaka. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sizokujabulisa ngezimbali emgwaqweni, futhi ebusika ungakuhlanza endaweni efanele ukuphumula.
Enkabeni yeRussia, i-gerbera nayo ingatshalwa emgaqweni, kepha ebusika kuzodingeka inikezwe izimo ezethe xaxa.
Izifo nezilokazane ezivame ukudala izinkinga lapho sezikhulile ngaphandle
Ezinye zezinselelo zokukhula kwegciwane endaweni evulekile ukungathinteki kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ubungozi obukhulu esitshalweni yizo zonke izinhlobo zokubola.
Ukubola kwezimpande
Lesi sifo sibangela ukubola kwendawo okuphuma kuyo amaqabunga, ukuncipha kanye nezinto ezifakwayo ezimpandeni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekushoneni nasekuvuleni amaqabunga, bese kuthi ekufeni kwesitshalo. Imbangela yenkinga ilele ukuthambisa okungafanele - umswakama omningi womhlaba kanye nomswakama endaweni okuphuma kuyo iqabunga, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abandayo. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa sebenzisa iFundazolum noma iMaxim. Uma i-gerbera ingasaphathwa, kubekwa isihlahla emhlabathini kanye nezimpande bese kubhujiswa ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane.
I-Root rot ingumngane ojwayelekile wokufaka amanzi enhlabathini.
Ukubola okumpunga
Izimbotshana, izimbali, kanye nezisekelo zamaqabunga ziyahlupheka. Izingxenye zesitshalo ezithintwe yisikhunta zimbozwe ngopende ompunga ompunga bese ziyafa. Isitshalo esinesifo, uma sishiywa singalashwa, singafa. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, sebenzisa isixazululo seFundazole noma iRovral. Indlela yesicelo ikhonjisiwe kwiphakheji. Ukuvimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubola, kufanele ulandele inqubo efanele yezolimo futhi utshale izitshalo ezinempilo kuphela. Lesi sifo, njengasendabeni yokubola kwezimpande, siholela ku:
- ukugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi;
- umswakama ophakeme;
- i-nitrogen eyeqile;
- ukutshala uqweqwe;
- ukungena komswakama kwendawo okuphuma kuyo amaqabunga nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo.
Ukubola okumpunga kuvela njengokugoqa okumpunga okumpunga emaqabunga
I-Powdery hlobo
Ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama kuma-petioles ama-gerberas, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezincane, kuvela ukuhlangana okufana nomhlophe, okunjengofulawa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iba mhlophe ngokungcolile. Uma lesi sifo sivunyelwe ukuthuthuka, khona-ke amabala azoqala ukuthwebula yonke ipuleti leqabunga, okuzoholela ekutheni lome. Isigaba sokugcina sesi sifo sizoba ukunqotshwa kwama-peduncle, ama-buds, izimbali. Ukulimala kungavela othandweni lokufaka umanyolo noma ukuntuleka kwe-calcium emhlabathini. Izinyathelo ezilwa ne-Powdery isikhutha ziphathwa ngeFundazole noma iTopazi. Ukuvimbelwa kwezifo kungokulandelayo:
- ukubheka umbuso wokushisa;
- ukugcina umswakama ojwayelekile;
- ukuhlinzeka okwanele kwelanga nomoya omncane ojwayelekile;
- ukugqoka okufanele okuphezulu.
I-Powdery Mildew Leaf
UMose
Lesi sifo segciwane sidluliselwa yizinambuzane eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi ezincelayo. Futhi, lesi sifo singasebenza lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, lapho ubukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga buncipha, izinga lokushisa lomoya liyancipha, kepha umswakama uhlala uphezulu. Amacembe amaGerbera ambozwe ngezici ezahlukahlukene zezindawo ezinemingcele ecacile enombala ophuzi oluhlaza. Kamuva, iqabunga leqabunga selonakalisiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukwenzeka okunamandla kwezicubu emithanjeni. I-necrosis engaba khona. Alikho ikhambi lokulwa naleli gciwane, kepha izindlela zokuvimbela izosiza ukugwema le nkinga:
- Qiniseka ukuthi uphatha le ndawo ngokumelene nezinambuzane;
- Ungasitshaleli lesi sitshalo endaweni lapho abamele umndeni wakwaPumpkin bakhula khona ngaphambili;
- landela amasu ayisisekelo obuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokutshala nokunakekela i-gerbera kuzosiza ukugwema ama-mosaics.
Ama-aphid
Ama-aphid aqoqwa ngamakholoni ezindaweni ezineembozo ezintekenteke kakhulu, okungukuthi, elingaphansi kweqabunga le-gerbera, kuma-peduncles amasha nasebuhlungwini. Ukubhoboza izicubu zesitshalo nge-phenoscis, kumunca umsoco kuwo, ngaleyo ndlela wenze imbali ibe buthaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aphid angabathwali bezifo eziningi ezingemnandi, kufaka phakathi i-mosaics. Amaqabunga alimile ayahlakazeka, aphenduke aphuzi futhi omile. Ama-peduncle, uma athuthuka, imbali izoba ephansi. Ungalwa nama-aphid ngamakhemikhali - i-Decis, Karate, Inta-Vir, Actellik noma Fitoverm. Ungasebenzisa amakhambi esintu, ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo zokulimaza impova ngomlotha noma ngothuli kagwayi. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwama-aphid:
- hlola izitshalo ngezinambuzane;
- ukulwa nokhula;
- qaphela umbuso wokunisela.
Ama-aphid angabathwali bemithi engelashwa.
I-Whitefly
Leli bhabhathane elimhlophe elincane livame ukuthelela izitshalo emagumbini okugcina izithombo, kodwa ngokushisa okuphezulu nangomswakama, inkathazo nayo ingatholakala engadini. Isinambuzane sidla ubisi lwesitshalo. Lokhu kuholela ephuzi futhi omile amaqabunga. Izimpawu okungatholakala ngazo inkathazo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- amaqabunga embozwe ngentambo enamathelayo ecwebezelayo - lokhu kungumkhondo wempilo uvemvane:
- isikali se-translucent - izibungu ziyavela ngaphezulu kwepuleti leqabunga;
- gerbera lags kakhulu ekukhuleni;
- umlingani ojwayelekile omhlophe ngumbhedo wesoya.
I-Actara, Akarin, Confidor noma iSpark izosiza ukulwa nenkathazo. Kepha kufanele iphinde iphathwe ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1.5 - ama-2, ngoba izinto ezinobuthi zingenela izimvemvane, bese kuthi i-ovipositor ihlale. Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa izinto ezinobuthi, bese uqoqa imigqomo yeglue, isibonelo, evela enkampanini kaFeromon. Omakhelwane abalungile engadini yezimbali bayoba yi-peppermint noma i-nasturtium. Iphunga lalezi zitshalo lixosha inkathazo enamaphiko amhlophe.
I-Whitefly ingalimaza izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukubuyekezwa Kokukhula Kwezingadi
Udadewethu ubesehlala ne-gerbera iminyaka eminingana manje - ehlobo emhlabathini, futhi ebusika - kuma-windows sills. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumnakekeli wegadi futhi: (i-windows sill imnandi ekhishini. Yebo, uGerbera akahambi nge-amok, kodwa uyaphila. Kepha ehlobo ubukeka emuhle :)
Nk//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=158449&subrub=anuelCEanuelE4 koloEDanuelEEanuelEBanuelE5unziF2 koloEDanuelE8anuelEAanuelE8
Ngitshala ehlobo ehlobo, ngicekele ubusika. Kuliqiniso, lihlala liqhakaza endlini yami. Ezweni nje, izimbali ziba stockier futhi zinkulu.
udadewethu ka-martina//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=18207
IGrbbera yami ikhule iminyaka engama-3-4 (kuze kube ngonyaka ophelile ngikhohliwe ukuyilanda ekhishini). Ebusika - kwi-loggia efudumele cishe ngo-15. Ihlala ngokujwayelekile, kepha ayithandi umoya owomile kanye nokushisa, futhi ivame ukuthinteka yisibungu sesicabucabu. (uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, empunga, ephela, embozwe amachashazi aphuzi asondele emithanjeni yeqabunga - ungayi ku-fortuneteller, lokhu kuyinkomba) Ehlobo ngikutshale engadini. Kwakuyinsimu lapho ihlathi selulungile, maphakathi nehlobo laqala ukuqhakaza, lakhula. Ekwindla - iqhakaza nenyanga, futhi yilokho.
Lena K.//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5560
Sengiphile iminyaka engama-4-5 ngiphila ngaphansi kwe-gerbera. Isipho somyeni othandekayo - ukulahla noma ukufa isandla asikhuphuki. Ehlobo engadini, ebusika, kungaba kufasiteleni elipholile, noma manje, lapho ithuba livela, ku-loggia ekhazinyulisiwe ku- +12 cishe. Ebusika, vele, kubukeka kuyisicefe futhi kuvame ukushaywa ngumkhaza, kepha kusukela entwasahlobo kuqhakaza sengathi kufundwe. Engadini, i-sunflower eyomile ayithandi, iyisithunzi kangcono, kepha inomswakama xaxa.
Lena K.//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=158449&subrub=anuelCEanuelE4 koloED koloE
iyaqhuma impela emgwaqweni, iyimbali e-Afrika ethanda ukushisa kuphela kugesi egcwele kuphela ngonyaka. Ebusika, ama-gerberas asendaweni evulekile kwesimo sezulu sethu awakwazi ukusinda, ngakho-ke ayimbiwa ekwindla abekwe engaphansi ngesigaxa sobumba.
induna//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=18207
Abalimi abaningi babheka i-gerbera njengembali yezimbali. Kepha ungagijimeli ukwenza iziphetho. Yize kunjalo, hhayi izitshalo eziningi ezinezinhlobo ezingaseningizimu eziqhakaza ezimweni zethu ezipholile ehlobo. IGerbera iyakwazi ukuhlobisa ingadi futhi ijabulise ngemibala egqamile isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokungafani nama-tulips, ama-hyacinths nama-daffodils, aqhuma ngokushesha. Ukuze ubabaze izimbali ezinhle kakhulu kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele, udinga nje ukunaka i-daisy yase-Afrika.
