Uma ufuna ukuphambukisa ukwakheka kwendawo engaphansi kwedolobha enendlela yasekuqaleni engadini noma umendo, futhi imikhiqizo enikezwe esitolo esitolo ayikufaneli nganoma yisiphi isizathu, thatha ithuba bese udala uthayela ngokwakho, ngokweqiniso kusuka ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthenga isikhunta esikhethekile seplastiki futhi ufunde ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani isixazululo sezindlela zasengadini. Faka umcabango omncane, amakhono okwakha, ukubekezela - futhi indlela yakho izovela ingagcineki isikhathi eside, kepha futhi inhle kakhulu.
Ungayenza kanjani ishibhile futhi ibe yinhle?
Manje kulula ukuthola konke ukwenza ubuciko obuthile. Ezitolo ungathenga izitebele zokubumba zepulasitiki ezilungele ukwenziwa kwamathayili. Ulungisa usimende kakhonkolo, uwuthululele ku isikhunta - kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uthole uthayela wombala onikezwe olingisa i-analogue yefekthri eceleni kwendlela.
Imizila eqinile, enemibala, enemibalabala ibukeka kahle engadini, phakathi kwezihlahla eziqhakazayo nezimbali zemibhede, nasesitshanini esiluhlaza, esimiswe kahle, naphakathi kwemibhede engadini
Izindlela ezenziwe ngamathayela kakhonkolo aqinile zingahlala amashumi eminyaka - ngokuya ngamandla azinciphisi isisekelo sesakhiwo noma ukunqwabelana kwebhuloho elincane. Ziyakwazi futhi ziyasebenza - futhi konke ukubonga ngodaka nosimende olungiselelwe kahle.
Ifomu eliqinile eliqinile libiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-1200, nenguqulo engasindi - ipensela enamaseli ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - ishibhile kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo, intengo yayo isukela kuma-ruble angama-50 kuye kwangama-250
Izingcweti eziningi ezinamakhono zithanda ukudala ezazo izinketho zokuthenga, ngakho-ke zizenzela amafomu zisebenzisa amabhlokhi enkuni noma iphrofayli lensimbi.
Ukusuka kumigoqo emifushane ehlelelwe, ungenza unxande, isikwele, ulwelwesi noma i-hexagon encane, ezosebenza njengesikhunta sokuthela usimende kasimende
Ungawenza kanjani usimende usimende?
Amandla wokuzimela ngokuzimele ukulungiselela udaka usimende ekhaya azoba usizo kunoma ngubani ohlela ukwenza umsebenzi wokwakha noma wokulungisa. Isisindo esinamathela esiqinisa isikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siyadingeka ekubekeni izitini, ekwakheni izingoma zokuhlobisa amatshe, ngisho nasekuvalweni komgodi odongeni.
Ukuze kwakhiwe izindlela zezingadi, udinga isixazululo esivamile ongazilungiselela sona. Kodwa-ke, izimfanelo zalo ezisebenzayo zincike kakhulu ekuhlelweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokulingana, ngakho-ke sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani isikhunta sezindlela zasengadini ukuze zisebenze iminyaka eminingi.
Yini okudingeka ilungiselelwe?
Kungenzeka ukuthi othile ophethe izwe abe nomxubanisi wekhonkolo weselula (kuleli cala, inqubo yokulungiselela isisi izokwenzeka kahle futhi ngokushesha), kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kungatholakala embonini evamile yokulima engadini, ngakho-ke sizoqoqisa i-arsenal kulokho okuhlala kutholakala kusondele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isitsha esifanele, esizokulunga ngosayizi futhi kube lula ukusebenza naso. Ngokufanelekile, umthamo wethangi kufanele uhambisane nengxenye yesisombululo ofuna ukupheka ngaso linye. Umthamo omncane kakhulu uzokuphoqa ukuthi uphinda inqubo - futhi lokhu kungukunyuka kwesikhathi esichithwa emsebenzini izikhathi ezi-2. Esitsheni esikhulu kungaphatheki kahle ukuxubanisa izakhi nokwakha isisindo esiningi. Okubaluleke futhi yizimpawu zamathangi njengokuqina namandla odonga.
Ngamanani amancane osimende (uma uzokwenza amathayili kancane, ngokwesibonelo, ngezimpelasonto), isitsha esincane esenziwe ngeplastiki eqinile enezinhlangothi eziphansi
Uma une-bath -ub yokugezela yensimbi yakudala endlini yezwe lakho, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi emvula, ingaba inketho yesikhashana enhle yokufaka udaka nosimende, noma ezinye izitsha ezinkulu ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla.
Ngaphezu komthamo, ithuluzi liyadingeka ukukhuthaza isisimo esimweni esingenamsoco. Kuyiphutha ukusebenzisa ifosholo noma ibhulokhi lokhuni - kuzokhanyiswa ikhambi, elizothinta ikhwalithi emibi ye-tile.
Imishini enhle kakhulu ingumxube wokwakha noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, ingxube yezandla; uma kungekho, ungasebenzisa i-drill nge-nozzle ekhethekile
Zama ukubeka yonke into endaweni eyodwa, ukuze kuthi lapho usupheka ungadingeki uhambe uyokhipha inqubo.
Ukukhetha Ingxenye
Ukuze uthole udaka nosimende ojwayelekile, osetshenziswa kakhulu, kudingeka izinto ezi-3: usimende, isihlabathi namanzi. Kubukeka sengathi yonke into ilula - ngixube yonke into ndawonye futhi ngathola okungcono kakhulu kokuthengela isikhunta. Kodwa-ke, kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile, ukungahambisani nawo okuzothinta ikhwalithi yeleveli ngokushesha. Isibonelo, isihlabathi. Ungathola izinhlobo eziningana zesihlabathi, ezihluke ngosayizi wezinhlayiya, isisindo, nokwakheka.
Sizosebenzisa i-metry ejwayelekile noma isihlabathi somfula sinezici ezinjengokuhlanzeka (lokhu kudinga ukugezwa), ukufana, futhi akukho ukungcola
Usimende - umxube owomile ezikhwameni zamaphepha - kumele ube nenhlaka, musha, nempilo eshalofini ephelelwe yisikhathi. Uma izikhwama ezimbalwa ezisendaweni yokwakha ezineminyaka eyi-10 zigcinwa egumbini lakho lokusebenzisa, kungcono ukusho ukuthi uhambe kahle, ngoba awukwazi ukuthola isisombululo esihle kusimende esinjalo.
Nawa amanye amathiphu avela kubakhi abangochwepheshe ukukusiza wenze isisombululo esihle:
- Uma uqaphela izigaxa ezincane kuleyo ngxube eyomile, kungcono ukuthulula i-powder usebenzise ngesihlungo esikhethekile (amaseli ayi-10 mm x 10 mm anele ekusebenzeni ngamatshe, kepha ngokubeka isixha ngamaseli ama-5 mm x 5 mm kuyadingeka).
- Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lukakhonkolo lomsebenzi wangaphandle ngamamaki angama-300 noma angama-400.
- Nquma ngokunembile ukulingana kwazo zonke izingxenye ezintathu. Kumathrekhi, isilinganiso sendabuko 1: 3 silungile, lapho 1 ingxenye yamakhonkolo kasimende ezingxenyeni ezi-3 zesihlabathi. Izinto ezinobuningi zingalinganiswa ngamabhakede noma kwezinye iziqukathi ezifanele.
- Ukuze unikeze umthunzi othize noma ushintshe izici ezithile (i-viscosity, amandla), izakhi zanamuhla, isibonelo, ama-plasticizer noma ama-granule anemibala, afakwa kwizixazululo.
Lapho ulungiselela ikhambi, qiniseka ukuthi aliphenduki ooli, okungukuthi, liqukethe ingxenye enkulu yesigaxa. Isisindo esinamafutha siyipulasitiki, silungele ukusetshenziswa, kepha sakha ukwakheka okuoma ngokushesha futhi imifantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - lokhu akulungele izindlela zasengadini. Ngokuntuleka kwento yokubopha, sithola usimende omile okuzoqina isikhathi eside futhi futhi ube nezimpawu ezingafanele.
Sidinga usimende ojwayelekile, ngemuva kokuqina, ube namandla amahle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqokwa, futhi ngalokhu kuyadingeka nje ukubona ubukhulu.
Isikhwama sikasimende esinesisindo esingu-25 kg kubiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-180 kuye kwangama-250. Intengo incike kumkhiqizi, uhlobo kanye nekhwalithi yenhlanganisela eyomile
Amanzi angezwa "ngeso", okokuqala kancane, bese engezwa ngezingxenye ezincane. Umphumela kufanele ube isisindo esifana no-ukhilimu omuncu omuncu ku-viscosity.
Cement Mortar
Khumbula ukuthi isixazululo esisetshenzisiwe singasetshenziselwa amahora amaningi, khona-ke ngeke sikulungele ukuthenwa, ngakho-ke lungiselela kuqala itafula, amafomu, izingqimba - konke okudingekayo ekwenzeni amathayili omgwaqo.
Usimende nesihlabathi kuthululelwa esitsheni ezingxenyeni ezondile - okungenani izingqimba ezi-5-6 kufanele zitholakale. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kube nekhwalithi ephezulu, nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi. Yima lapho ukuphakama okuphelele kwe- “pie” kufinyelela ku-25-30 cm. Bese uthatha ifosholo bese uzama ukuxubana ngobunono kepha ngokujulile nezakhi zengxube: lapho uhambisa ifosholo ngenkuthalo, kuba ngcono isisombululo esizayo.
I-homogeneity yodaka usimende owomile inganqunywa ngamehlo. Uma ungabaza ngobumsulwa besisindo - phinda udlule ngesihlungo
Amanzi angezwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ingxube eyomile isilungele ngokuphelele, noma kunalokho, ukufana kwayo. Kungcono ukuthatha isitsha esincanyana bese ufaka ezingxenyeni ezincane ukuze ungasigcwalisi futhi ungasenzi isisombululo siwuke kakhulu. Thela amanzi kancane, uvuse kancane.
Iphutha labakhi be-novice yimizamo yokushisa koketshezi olufakiwe. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi amanzi ashisayo azosheshisa inqubo yokuzalanisa, futhi ayishise ngokukhethekile, abanye bathululela uketshezi olubandayo lweqhwa. Zombili azilungile futhi zingathinta kabi ikhambi lesisombululo. Amanzi kufanele abe kumazinga okushisa afanayo nawomkhathi ozungezile - kithi, kunjalo, sikhuluma ngesizini efudumele.
Ingxube elungele ukusetshenziswa yokuthela isikhunta kufanele ibe ngubisi oluncane kunodaka nosimende wokubumba
Enye inkathazo iphathelene nomswakama wesihlabathi. Imvamisa sebenzisa isihlabathi esigciniwe ngqo esizeni. Ngokusobala, ngesikhathi semvula wayekwazi ukuna. Uma usebenzisa isihlabathi esimanzi, esindayo, uthele uketshezi olungaphansi. Ngabe ikhambi selilungile? Qhubeka ngokugcwalisa. Ngokuya ngobukhulu nokubonakala kokuqamba, unamahora angama-1-3 ukuthulula isixazululo ekubumbeni.
Amathayili we-mosaic asuselwa kusimende: ukufundiswa ngemininingwane okuningiliziwe
Akuwona wonke umuntu othanda izindlela ezimpunga ezithandekayo, ezikhumbuza imigwaqo egandayiwe yedolobha noma ukhonkolo, ngakho-ke sikunikeza inqubo yokwenza amathayili, abizwa ngokuthi yi-mosaic. I-tile yethu ikude nobuciko benkosi yaseSpain noma yase-Italy, nokho, izigcawu ezinhle ezibushelelezi ezinomhlobiso wamatshe anemibala eminingi ngemuva kwendawo engadini eluhlaza okotshani zibukeka zimangalisa nje.
Ubukhulu be-tile buxhomekeke ekwakhiweni kwendlela yakho engadini. Elikhulu, elinecala lika-50 cm, lingabekwa kumugqa owodwa - uthola indlela emincane, encane (30- 40 cm) - ngemigqa emibili noma emithathu ehambisanayo, noma noma ngokulandelana
Ngokungafani namathayili ajwayelekile, aqukethe udaka nosimende owodwa, inketho yethu isho ukuba khona kwengxenye eyengeziwe "enesisindo" - amatshe. Zingaba zinkulu noma zincane, zinombala owodwa noma zinemibala ehlukahlukene, ziyindilinga noma ziyisicaba. Amatshe angathathelwa indawo izingcezwana ze-ceramic noma i-tile, amatshe amatshe - into esemqoka ukuthi anganyeli ngesikhathi semvula.
Amatshe anemibala eminingi yama-tile athathwa osebeni lomfula oseduze. Uma ungenanhlanhla ngamachibi noma nje imifula yaselwandle yaphenduka isihlabathi, ungakhathazeki - amatshe engxenyeni edingekayo angahlala athengwa kwenye yezinkampani zokwakha
Isisekelo sethayile ngudaka kasimende olungiselelwe ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile oluchazwe ngenhla. Sithatha formula endala: 1 ingxenye yesimende 3 izingxenye zesihlabathi somfula. Silungisa le ngxube esitsheni esikhulu sisebenzisa isitsha esincane sokulinganisa sepulasitiki.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sikhanyise ikhambi ngama-batches, ngokwahlukana kwethayili ngalinye, kepha le nqubo izoba yinde kakhulu futhi ibe nobunzima, ngakho-ke silungiselela isixazululo ngenani elanele ukugcwalisa amafomu angama-6-8 alungiselelwe abuyiselwe ekhaya.
Amafomu anomklamo olula futhi angamakhabethe anezindonga eziphansi ezakhiwe ngamapulangwe angama-30-50 cm. Ubukhulu bethayile elilungiselelwe bungasuka ku-5 cm kuye ku-15 cm
Gcwalisa ngokucophelela isixazululo ngesikhunta esimbozwe ngefilimu epulasitiki egcotshwe uwoyela (umshini osetshenzisiwe uzokwenza). Kumathayili kwakungukushuba okufanayo, sibeka isilinganiso esilinganayo sengxube kasimende. Ngokunemba, ungadweba imigqa eceleni kwemiphetho yamabhodi ekhombisa ukuphakama tile.
Silinganisa ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lodaka losimende - siyilungiselela ukubeka amatshe. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukungaguquguquki okudingekayo kwesisindo, ngoba amatshe azowa nesisombululo esincanyana kakhulu
Ngaphandle kokulinda isixazululo ukusetha, beka amatshe ebusweni. Ngisho nangaphambi kokulungisa isixazululo, ungaqhuba uhlobo lokuziqhenya ngokubeka amatshe ekhabetheni “komile” ukuthola inani lamatshe alinganayo adingekayo kuthayela elilodwa.
Udinga ukuqala kusuka emakhoneni - ngale ndlela i-tile izoba namandla, nephethini yamatshe - icacile futhi ilungile. Uma usebenzisa amatshe asayizi ahlukahlukene, bese uzama ukubeka amakhulu kunawo azungeze umngcele
Siyaqhubeka nokubeka amatshe ngokuhlukile, kwakheka iphethini yemvelo noma yejometri efanele. Ungaguqula izinto ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene noma imibala ehlukile.
Ukusabalalisa ipherimitha, sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangothi olude lwamatshecobblest llele eceleni. Lokhu kuzovikela isisekelo ekuqhekekeni ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi kwandise impilo yendlela engadini.
Okokuqala, beka amatshe amakhulu, bese ugcwalisa izikhala ezingenalutho ngamancane. Umphumela uba yi-tile enhle enemibala ehlukahlukene, ukubukeka akupheleli kubalingani befekthri.
Esampula, amatshe abekwa ngendlela yemvelo. Kukhona ezinye izinketho - ngephethini yokuhlola ibhodi, endaweni eyindilinga, emigqeni eduze kwodigonal, herringbone, njll.
Izinto ezivelayo ziwukuphila okufushane kothayela nosizi kulabo abayohamba phezu kwalo, ngakho-ke sicindezela ngokucophelela wonke amatshe angaphakathi ukuze izindiza zawo ezingenhla zihlanganiswe nesisekelo sikakhonkolo.
Ukulinganisa ingaphezulu nangaphezulu ngamatshe, sisebenzisa ithuluzi elithuthukisiwe. Kulokhu, besidinga i-trowel yokwakha esele ngemuva kokufaka udaka
Ngakho-ke, wonke umsebenzi osebenzayo ekwakheni amathayili usuphelile, kusalinda ukulinda. Ukuze ukhonkolo ungaqhekeki, kufanele ugcotshwe izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, iyovuthwa, impahla eyenziwe lukhuni izosuka ezindongeni zefomu, bese kuthi i-tile isuswe, ikhulule isikhunta engxenyeni elandelayo yesisombululo.
I-tile eqediwe ingabekwa ngokushesha. Imvamisa lokhu kuyisisekelo esilungiselelwe - “ikhekhe” lesihlabathi-elihlanganisiwe futhi lifakwe emngceleni
Amathayili alungele ukwakhiwa kwezindlela noma amasayithi wanoma yiluphi usayizi nesimo.
Udaka kakhonkolo awusebenzi nje kuphela ekuthululeleni isikhunta, kodwa futhi nasekwenzeni inhlanganisela yokuhlanganiswa kusuka kumathayili ngamanye - kulokhu kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa amalunga phakathi kwama-tile ngenhlanganisela kasimende noma uwasebenzise njengeglue
Ithrekhi, echithe ubuncane bezimali zesabelomali, ibukeka imangalisa, ikakhulukazi uma kusekhona izakhiwo esakhiweni esenziwe ngamatshe nodaka nosimende.
Amasango wensimbi eyenziwe kahle ngokubabazekayo kanye nothango lwamatshe aphakeme kuyindlela enhle yangemuva yendlela engadini eyenziwe ngamatshe emifula. Futhi qaphela - yonke indawo hhayi indima yokugcina edlalwa ngodaka nosimende ojwayelekile olungiselelwe ngesandla somuntu
Futhi ekugcineni - ividiyo enhle yokuthi ungalulungisa kanjani kahle usimende usimende futhi uwuthulule ku-tile isikhu:
