Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zobuchwepheshe: kanjani "ukhula" iwayini elimnandi

Amagilebhisi yisiko lezithelo ezaziwayo nesithandwayo. Ngenxa yokukhethwa okukhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kusetshenziswa okusha njengomthombo wamavithamini nezidlela zokudla, kanye nezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza lapho kulungiswa amawayini amahle nosiphu wemvelo. Akunzima ukwenza iwayini elihlukile elenziwe ekhaya kusuka kumajikijolo akhula ngesandla elikhuliswe ilanga. Udinga nje ukukhetha ibanga elifanele lobuchwepheshe futhi ukhule amagilebhisi.

Izici zezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zobuchwepheshe

Njengamanje, zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ithebula nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezifuywayo.

Izici ezisesimweni somvini wethebula zimi kanje:

1. Amajikijolo amakhulu, anemibala ebukekayo, aqoqwe ngamaqoqo asindayo.
2. Izithelo zinokunambitheka kophudingi, ubumnandi obulinganiselayo kanye ne-acid, inyama ebunjiwe kakhrisimu.
3. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobo zetafula kuyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphakathi kuya kokuphezulu.
4. Ukumelana nezifo nezilokazane kuphakathi nendawo futhi kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso.
5. Izinhlobo zetafula zitshalwa ikakhulu ezitshalweni ezimboze.
6. Izithelo ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okusha.

Amagilebhisi ezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe (ewayinini) anezimpawu zawo, kubandakanya okulandelayo:

1. Izithelo ezincane ezinemibala emincane ngokulinganayo, ezinesikhumba esincane, ukubukeka okuqondayo.
2. Ama-bunchi aphakathi ngosayizi nosayizi.
3. Ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu nokuphakeme kakhulu (kufika ku-40^ºC), ekuvumela ukuthi ukhule zomvini kusembozo nangefomu elivulekile.
4. Ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane.
5. Ukungazithembi ekuhambeni.
6. Ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, izinto zokusetshenziswa zitholakala lapho kwenziwa amawayini newayini, ama-cognacs, ama-juices, iziphuzo ezithambile. Izithelo ziphinde zenziwe zibe ngamagilebhisi omisiwe nezomisiwe.

Izinhlobo zomvini ezi-Universal nazo zihlukaniswa njengeqembu elihlukile, elihlanganisa ngempumelelo izimfanelo eziyisisekelo zethebula nezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe. Amagilebhisi anjalo afunwa kakhulu ekudleni nasekusebenzeni.

Ama-Beckmes, halva, churchkhela, sorbet, uju wamagilebhisi, isiraphu, ujamu, i-marinade neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile yokudla nokudla kulungisiwe kusuka kumagilebhisi. Amanye amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe alungiswa abe yiwayini. Imfucumfucu evela ekuqhutshweni kwamagilebhisi kanye ne-winemaking isetshenziswa kabanzi, lapho kuvela khona utshwala, i-enanthic ether, i-oyile, uviniga, i-tartaric acid, i-enotanine, i-fodder yeast, i-enamels neminye imikhiqizo nezinhlanganisela.

I-G.S. Morozova"I-Viticulture enezisekelo ze-ampelography", VO "Agropromizdat", eMoscow, ngo-1987

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe ezivela kubo bonke abanye kuthathwa njengokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu koshukela (okufika ku-30%) kanye nojusi (70-90% wesisindo se-berry elilodwa) ezitsheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, amajikijolo ezinhlobonhlobo ngayinye anokunambitheka nephunga elihlukile elihlukile kuzo.

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezidume kakhulu, ezinikeze igama izinhlobo ezihambelanayo zamawayini amahle: IChardonnay, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeMuscat (Pink, Black, Odessa, Aksaysky), Isabella, Merlot, Aligote, Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi, Riesling, Rkatsiteli.

Okuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu wezithelo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezichazwe ngokuqinile, isilinganiso sesisindo esiphelele samajikijolo esixukwini kanye nesisindo likamoya - zonke lezi zinkomba zinquma ikhwalithi yeewayini zomvini ezizayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu yilezi:

• izimo ezikhula amagilebhisi
• ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
• isilinganiselo sonyaka sokushisa okusebenzayo.

Ividiyo: Ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi okuthengisa

Ukunakekelwa okungabekezeleleki kuvumela ukuhlakulela izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zezimboni ngendlela yezimboni emasimini amakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukutshala izithombo, ukulima (umanyolo, ukunisela, ukutshala) nokuvuna kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izitshalo ezenziwe ngomshini.

Ukutshala izithombo (inqubo echitha isikhathi eside emithini yamagilebhisi ekhula) kusiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yezolimo

Okwaziwayo futhi yizinhlobo zewayini eziklanyelwe ngqo ingadi yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi:

• I-Alievsky,
• Manych
• Isiqu
• I-Zelenolugsky Rubin,
• ICitron Magaracha.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe

Ngamagama ajwayelekile, ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe bungafani ngokuyisisekelo nokukhula ezinye izinhlobo.

Ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi

Amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, njengezetafula lawo, akhetha inhlabathi ekhanyayo, efudumele, evulekile engathathi hlangothi noma esondelene nokusabela kwe-acid (pH 6.5-7.0). Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izingcezu zamatshe ezichobozekile nesihlabathi zikhona emhlabathini. Lokhu kuyinika izakhiwo ezinjengamanzi amahle nomoya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-juices kanye newayini kusuka kumagilebhisi atshalwe enhlabathini enamathele enziwe nge-tectonic kunambitheka kahle ngokuvumelanayo, kuyilapho isixha se-varietal siqiniswa, ukucaca nekhono lewayini lokuguga, kanye nejusi yokugcina isikhathi eside kuyenziwa. Noma isipiliyoni sokukhula kwamagilebhisi enhlabathini ene-asidi sibonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amawayini namajusi aphezulu atholakala kuwo. Kulokhu, izici zokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseRiesling, Sylvaner neTraminer pink zithanda inhlabathi nge-pH ka-4-5. Endaweni ene-acidic, izimpande zimunca ama-microelements ngenkuthalo engaphezulu, nasemhlabathini ongathathi hlangothi noma osondelene nawo, ama-macroelements.

Izindawo ezifudumele kufanele zigcinelwe izinhlobo zomvini ezivuthwa sekwephuzile, kanye namagilebhisi anokuqukethwe okushukela okuphezulu kwamajikijolo (itafula, i-raisin-purein) futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagilebhisi abanda kakhulu ezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zawo ezenzelwe zona ukukhiqizwa kwama-champagne newayini e-ethebula elikhanyayo elinokuqukethwe okunoshukela omncane kanye ne-acidity ephezulu.

I-G.S. Morozova"I-Viticulture enezisekelo ze-ampelography", VO "Agropromizdat", eMoscow, ngo-1987

Isakhiwo sokutshala amagilebhisi kufanele sibe isicaba noma sibe nomthambeka omncane (5-8 degrees), onekwe kahle usuku lonke. Ukuvikela izitshalo emimoyeni ebandayo, kunconywa ukuthi imigqa yesivini esizayo ibekwe eceleni kwesakhiwo, uthango olude noma izihlahla zezithelo zabantu abadala zakha udonga oluqhubekayo.

Amabhishi amagilebhisi adinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle usuku lonke.

Ukuba isivuno esivumelana nokubekezelela isomiso esikhulu, amagilebhisi awakwazi ukubekezelela inhlabathi ezinomswakama, ezixhaphozi kanye nosawoti. Lapho unquma indawo ongayitshala, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-1,2-1.3 m ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ngokutshala, sikhetha izithombo zaminyaka yonke ezingama-0.4-0,5 m ukuphakama ngezinhlamvu ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa kanye nobubanzi besibalo esingaba ngu-4-8 mm. Esihlahleni esinohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile, izimpande kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela: kufanele zibe mhlophe, zihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokuqina nokuqina.

Ilungiselelwe ukutshala izithombo kufanele ibe nempilo, ngaphandle kokulimala futhi ibe nama-buds angama-78 athuthukile

Uma isithombo sithengwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kufanele sitshalwe esitsheni esinomthamo wamalitha amabili kuya amahlanu (kuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande) futhi sigcinwe endaweni efudumele (+ 20-25^ºC) kuze kufike isikhathi sokufika emhlabathini. Esimweni esiphakathi nendawo, isikhathi esihle sokutshala amagilebhisi endaweni ehlala engadini ukuphela kukaMeyi - ukuqala kukaJuni, lapho inhlabathi iqala ukufudumala kuze kufike ku + 12-15^ºC. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, isikhathi sokutshala kwamagilebhisi sihlehliselwe inyanga ngaphambili, kuya ku-Ephreli-Meyi.

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi: emgodini, ngaphansi kwefosholo, odulini lobumba. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye nesifunda sokutshala, kukhethwa indlela efaneleke kakhulu. Abasebenza newayini abanolwazi, bahlela ukutshala intwasahlobo, balungisa umgodi wokutshala ekwindla, bawuthele nge-humus noma ngomquba futhi bawushiye kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Uma zingekho lezo zimo, khona-ke entwasahlobo kuyalulekwa ukuthi bambe umgodi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.

Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile entwasahlobo, ukuze kuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwekwindla isihlahla sibe nesikhathi sokhula kahle futhi silungiselele ubusika

Inhlabathi esendaweni yokulima ingaba mpofu, ayinanzalo. Kulokhu, emanzini okunisela (emi, afudumele + 20-28^ºC) 20-40 g womanyolo oyimbumba (i-nitroammophosk, i-azofosk, i-nitrophosk) ne-10-20 g we-ammonium nitrate nge-10 l lamanzi kufanele wengezwe.

Ukutshala entwasahlobo isithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe (ZKS) kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Ngaphansi komgodi ophelile udinga ukugcwalisa amabhakede amabili encibilikishi encane yama- granite (5-12mm), amatshe amatshe noma ubumba olwandisiwe lokudonsa.
   

   Ungqimba lwamatshe achotshoziwe luzovikela indawo yezimpande yesihlahla ekugxekeni kwamanzi

2. Ingxube enomsoco womhlabathi ilungiswa kusengaphambili: amathini ama-2 litre womlotha wezinkuni, amabhakede ama-2 we-humus noma womquba, ibhakede eli-1 lesihlabathi namabhakede ama-2 we-turf (engadini) yomhlaba; isiyonke, amabhakede ama-4-5 wengxube kufanele atholakale.
3. Ingxenye yenhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ithululelwe ngaphezulu kwephayiphu, kufanele kubunjwe indunduma encane maphakathi nomgodi, futhi kutshalwe isithombo, ngoba ngaphambili sikhishwe esitsheni. Izimpande zesithombo kufanele zibekwe ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-0,45 ukusuka emhlabathini.
   

   Isithombo kumele sikhululwe ngokucophelela esitsheni bese, siguqula isisulu enyakatho, sihlanganiswe nesigaxa somhlaba esiseduze maphakathi nomgodi wokufika
4. Ukuze kube lula ukunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu, kufakwa ipayipi lamanzi eduze kwesithombo (ishubhu lepulasitiki elinobubanzi obuyi-8-10 mm elinendawo egcotshisiwe). Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi, ipayipi kufanele lisikwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka emhlabathini.
   

   Ishubhu lepulasitiki elingu-60-70 cm ubude obudingekayo, obenezimbobo ezibunjiwe ngaphezulu, lufakwe eduze kwesithombo

5. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo sithelwa ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe futhi ngemuva kokumunca amanzi, embozwe ngenhlabathi esele kuze kube yi-1/2 ukuphakama kwesithombo.
6. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi elizungeze ihlathi lifakwe umquba nge-humus noma i-peat, utshani obomile.
   

   Lapho inqubo yokutshala isiqediwe, ukugcina umswakama nokusinda okuhle kwezimpande, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla imbozwe ungqimba we-mulch

7. Ekwindla, umgodi onotshani omncane udinga ukugcwaliswa phezulu ngenhla yokwakhiwa kwesixha esingaphezulu kwesihlahla esingu-20-30 cm ukuphakama

Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi endaweni evulekile

Ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi obuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi imbozwe kanjani phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla. Ungawuthulisa ngotshani obomile, komquba noma ngokutshala umquba oluhlaza. Kepha abatshali abanolwazi bancoma ukumboza inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa ngesendlalelo samakha aqhekekile, okuzoba ngumqhubi omuhle nomqoqi wokushisa. Lokhu kuzovikela ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ekuhlanganiseni, futhi kuvikele nokuthi amanzi emvula abaleke futhi ukuhwamuka kwawo. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwakhiwa izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamagilebhisi.

Ukondla nokunisela amagilebhisi

Lapho amagilebhisi akhula ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, isivuno esizinzileyo nesiphezulu sekhwalithi efanelekile singatholwa kuphela uma yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ibonwa, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa njalo komanyolo nokugqoka okuphezulu ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwezitshalo. Umanyolo omkhulu usetshenziswa emgodini wokutshala kanye entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kuya ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ngemuva kokutshala iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, izithombo azidingi umanyolo.

Izihlahla zamagilebhisi abantu abadala zivuthwa ngezinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba, umquba) kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine, ama-3-4 kg / m^² (kumhlabathi ompofu - ama-6-8 kg / m^²) Izilula (i-ammonium nitrate, i-urea, i-superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium) kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (nitrophoska, azofoska, ammofoska, nitroammofoska) asetshenziswa njengamanyolo wezimbiwa.

Entwasahlobo, umanyolo ofakelwe ngefomu le-ketshezi ungenwa kangcono, ekwindla - ngo-granular noma ngesimo sempuphu.

Ngokwendlela yokulethwa kwezakhamzimba ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo, ukugqoka phezulu kuhlukaniswe izimpande nefoliar. Izimpande zalethwa emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezihlahla, foliar - ngokufafaza amaqabunga amagilebhisi.

Lapho unakekela amakhambi angamagilebhisi, anikezwa ngaphansi kwezimpande okungenani izikhathi ezine ngenkathi yokukhula:

1. Entwasahlobo (amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqhakaza) - urea, superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium. Inani lomanyolo elisetshenzisiwe lincike ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi nezimo ezikhulayo futhi linqunywa ngemiyalo. Amanyolo weNitrogen ne-potassium asetshenziswa ngendlela ye-liquid, phosphoric - eyomile.
   

   I-Urea ingafakwa esikhundleni se-ammonium nitrate.

2. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho amajikijolo efinyelela usayizi wepea omncane, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaphindwa ngokuqanjwa okufanayo, kepha ingxenye yengxenye ye-nitrogen iyanqanyulwa.
3. NgoJuni-Julayi, phakathi nesikhathi sokugcwaliswa nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa kuphela usawoti we-superphosphate ne-potassium, izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen azifakwanga.
4. Ngemuva kokuvuna, ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, sifika isikhathi sokondliwa kokugcina. Ngalesi sikhathi, isihlahla samagilebhisi kufanele sinikezwe i-nitrogen ngesimo sentambo (i-humus noma umquba) kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali njengengxenye ye-superphosphate, i-wood ash ne-ammonium sulfate. Zonke izakhi zokufaka umanyolo zilethwa emhlabathini phakathi kwezihlahla zokumba ngokujulile. Ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo zithola ukunikezwa kwezakhi ebusika, ukuqina kwazo ebusika kuyanda, umvini uvuthwa kangcono.

Ividiyo: ukuvundiswa nokufaka umanyolo amagilebhisi

Ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa, kusiza kakhulu ukuphatha izihlahla zomvini ngamakhemikhali amaminerali aqukethe izinto ezilandelwayo (MicroMix Universal, Polydon Iodine) ngokuya ngemiyalo.

Ukuzondla okwenziwe ngamagilebhisi kusebenze inqubo yezimbali, kukuvumela ukuthi uthole amaqanda aphelele futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yamajikijolo, ukunambitheka kwawo nokuqukethwe ushukela, ukukhulisa isivuno esihlahleni. Isikhathi sokugqoka phezulu sama-foliar, kanye nezimpande, kuya ngesikhathi esithile sokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali namasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Kulolu hlobo lokuphakelwa, sebenzisa ukumfaka kwenkuni yomlotha noma ngamalungiselelo enziwe ngomumo:

• I-Plantafol
• Kemira
• I-Novofert,
• Mnumzane

Ukuthola umphumela omuhle, udinga ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi ngamunye.

Izimo zezulu ezifanele kakhulu zokucubungula okwenziwe ngamagilebhisi zithathwa njengosuku olunamafu lokushisa lomoya okungaba ngu-20^ºC (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15 futhi hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-25 degrees).

Ividiyo: ukugqoka phezulu kwamagilebhisi

Amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe abhekisela kusiko elivimbela isomiso futhi elingazinikeli ekunakekelweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa izihlahla, okubuye futhi kube yingxenye yenqubo ekhulayo, kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, kucatshangelwa inani lemvula yemvelo. Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo, isithombo sidinga ukuthambisa kanye ngesonto. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo ehlobo, ukuthambisa kuvunyelwe nsuku zonke noma zonke ezinye izinsuku.

Kamuva, lapho sekusetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi, ukuthambisa kuhlangene, uma kungenzeka, ngokugqoka okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esihlahleni esisodwa kungamabhakethi angama-6 (40-60 l). Awukwazi ukunisela izihlahla entwasahlobo ngenkathi yezimbali; ehlobo, ukuchelela kumiswa amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokuba amajikijolo avuthwe ngokuphelele.

Ngokuvuthwa okungcono komvini nokwenza kusebenze ukukhula kwezimpande ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga kukhiqiza ukuthambisa kokugcina (ukuswakama komswakama). Kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuqina kobusika sezihlahla.

Ividiyo: nisela amagilebhisi kahle

Izihlahla

Amagilebhisi okuthena ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe bokwemboza nezitshalo ezingezimbozi ukumboza ayahlukahluka ngokuya kwesikhathi. Kunoma ikuphi, amahlumela kufanele ancitshwe ngesikhathi esimanzi sezitshalo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo yezitshalo. Ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe ezingazimbozi ukumboza ngokweqile ngesithwathwa esiphakeme, amahlathi anqunywa esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, bese eqhubeka nobusika bonke (ngezinsuku ezingenayo i-frost) kuze kube ukuqhuma kwentwasahlobo. Imikhawulo yenqubo yokunquma inciphisa kuphela izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwamazinga amahlanu.

Ngokumboza izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, izihlahla zenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• okwandulelayo (ekwindla) - ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo nendawo yokuhlala yezihlahla ebusika. Izihlahla kwenziwa emvinini ovuthiwe ukwakha izixhumanisi ezintsha zezithelo.
• main (entwasahlobo) - ngemuva kokuvula izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu.Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lama-buducu wezithelo (amehlo) anqunyelwe nomthwalo ofanele wesihlahla usunguliwe. Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, wonke amahlumela owonakalisiwe, angenamandla futhi akhuluphayo, imikhono emidala ngaphandle kwemivini ethela izithelo iyasuswa.

Umthwalo wesihlahla ngamahlumela (amehlo) siyinombolo yezithelo ezihlala esihlahleni ngemuva kokuthenwa. Inikeza isivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla ezihlahla eminyakeni elandelayo.

Kunalezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokubumba: amafushane, afinyelela kwayi-4 - kumaseli endlovukazi, ukubamba kanye nokwenziwa kweCoronon, amafindo ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kufinyelele ku-7-8 wamehlo - lapho kuthenwa imivini yezithelo yezinhlobo eziningi endaweni yokumboza; yinde, isuka kwamehlo ayi-9 kuye kwayi-14 - ezinhlotsheni ezinamandla nakisiko le-gazebo. Ezindaweni eziningi ze-viticulture, izihlahla zokuxuba ezixubile ziyasetshenziswa - ezimfishane neziphakathi

A.Yu. I-Rakitin "Izithelo ezikhulayo. Imikhandlu egolide yeTimiryazev Academy." I-Lik Press Publishing House, eMoscow, ngo-2001

Ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi ezobuchwepheshe, kunesistimu eyamukelwa ngokuvamile yokunquma ubude obucishe bude bokuthenwa komvini endaweni yokumboza yokulima:

• kufika ku-4-5 Amehlo - amahlumela abuthakathaka obukhulu obungu-5-6 mm;
• kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 ocelli - izinhlobo zakuqala (i-Aligote, izinhlobo ezimnyama zeMuscat);
• kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-14 ocelli - izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo neziphuzile (iCabernet Sauvignon, iTraminer, izinhlobo ezimhlophe zeMuscat).

Ividiyo: inqubo yokuthena amagilebhisi

Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni

Ngokunikezwa kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka, zonke izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:

• uzinzo ngokuphelele;
• izinhlobo ezinokumelana okuphakathi;
• ayizinzile ezifweni zokukhunta kanye ne-phylloxera.

Iqembu lokuqala lifaka izinhlobo, imvamisa ezinokumelana nesithwathwa esikhulu, ezitshalwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasendaweni yesimo sezulu ephakathi. Lokhu nguCrystal, uPlatovsky, uRuby, uAzos, uStanichny. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo iZelenoluchsky Rubin, Stremenny, Cabernet Sauvignon azinazo izifo zokukhunta, kanti uPlatovsky, uCabernet AZOS, uKrasnostop AZOS, Isipho saseMagarach siyabekezelela i-phylloxera. Amagilebhisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokukhula zokuvimbela angalashwa ngama-fungicides. Ukufafaza okukodwa noma okubili kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukuze kusetshenzwe ngokuphephile sebenzisa amalungiselelo aselethwe Kemira, Fitosporin ngokufakwa kweZircon, kanye nesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze izihlahla ngenhlanganisela ka-3% ye-Bordeaux (300 g yengxube nge-10 amalitha amanzi) noma isixazululo esingu-5% se-iron sulfate (500 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi).

Ividiyo: Ukucutshungulwa kwesizini kwamagilebhisi ezifweni zokukhunta

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi eziphakathi nendawo futhi ezibuthakathaka ukumelana nesikhunta kufanele ziphathwe ngesikhunta kuzo zonke izikhathi zokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokufafaza izihlahla, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinamandla nezisebenzayo ukwedlula umsebenzi wokulungisa: iRidomil Gold, Champion, Quadris 250, Acrobat, Sumylex. Ngokwemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukucubungula amagilebhisi kwenziwa kathathu ngesizini:

• lapho kuvulwa izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo;
• ngokuvulwa kwezinso nasekuqhakameni kwamaqabunga;
• ngaphambi kokuqhakaza (izinsuku ezingama-7-10);
• emva kokuqhakaza (izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa);
• emva kokuthenwa ekwindla komvini ngaphambi kokukhosela ebusika.

Lapho kunqunywa ukuhlangana kwekhambi lokufafaza lokufafaza, izidingo zemiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile. Icubungula esimweni sezulu esizolile, ekuseni noma kusihlwa, sigcina imithetho yokuphepha (izibuko zokuphepha, amagilavu, izingubo ezinemikhono emide).

Ividiyo: ukuvikela isivini ezifweni

Izinambuzane ezivame ukuthinta amagilebhisi zifaka ama-aphid amagilebhisi - i-phylloxera, isicabucabu webhu kanye nesibungu samagilebhisi, kanye nezimvemvane zebhabhathane (amagilebhisi neqhubu). Izihlahla eziqinile nezilungiswe kahle zithinteka kancane yizilokazane. Isihluthulelo sokumelana okuhle nabo ukhula lwenhlabathi olujwayelekile kusuka kukhula, ukugqoka phezulu nokunisela, umoya omuhle wehlathi, kanye nokumelana kwezinambuzane okuhambisana nezimfanelo eziguquguqukayo zamagilebhisi.

Ividiyo: phylloxera - i-aphid yamagilebhisi

Ukucekela phansi i-phylloxera ngokunikeza amakhambi izihlahla nge-dichloroethane noma nge-Aktellik ne-Kinmiks izixazululo zezinambuzane.. Ngokuhlulwa okuqinile kwesivini ngama-aphid, izihlahla zigawulwa ngaphansi kwempande futhi zishiswe. Ngomthamo omncane wezinambuzane njengeparsley "yesintu" ihlwanyelwa eceleni komngcele wesivini nasezindleleni, iphunga lakhona lixosha u-aphid.

Ukuze ulwe nemikhaza, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo e-inoviticidal Tiovit Jet, Phosphamide nesixazululo esingu-2% wesibabule se-colloidal (200 g yesibabule kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Isicelo esiphephile sinikezwa ngama-ejenti wemvelo wezinambuzane - i-Actofit, Haupsin, Fitoverm. AmaLeafworms abhujiswa ngokufafaza amagilebhisi ngama-insecticides Arrivo, Fastak, Fufanon, Karbofos, Aktara. Njengoba sinenqwaba yezimbungulu ezinamakhaza, umphumela omuhle ukuphathwa kwamahlumela ngesidakamizwa se-bitoxibacillin sezinto eziphilayo.

Ividiyo: ukucubungula amagilebhisi kusuka kumkhaza wamagilebhisi (ukulunywa)

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamagilebhisi zobuchwepheshe

Izici ezinqumayo lapho ukhetha ibanga lobuchwepheshe isikhathi sokuvuthwa sezithelo, isivuno esigxilile, ukumelana nokutheleleka ngefungus, izinga elanele lokumelana nesithwathwa. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu sendawo ephakathi, izifunda ezisenyakatho, ama-Urals kanye neSiberia, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhule izinhlobo zomvini zakuqala. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvumela izithelo ukuqoqa inani elifanele leshukela ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi, nomvini - ukuvuthwa ngokuphelele nokulungiselela ubusika. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo, ezifika sekwephuzile kakhulu ziyatshalwa, ezilinyazwa yiqhwa futhi zidinga inani elikhulu lokushisa (ngenani lamazinga okushisa wonyaka angaphezu kwama-3000 degrees).

Ividiyo: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamagilebhisi zewayini

Izinhlobo zokuqala zomvini

Ezifundeni zasenyakatho ye-viticulture, ebaluleke kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo ezinesizini esifushane sokukhula, ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwamajikijolo kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme:

• I-Aligote,
• I-Bianca
• Ama-nutmegs amnyama namnyama
• Crystal
• Umugqa weSharov,
• I-Platovsky,
• Isipho seMagarach,
• URkatsiteli Magaracha nabanye abaningana.

Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zithathwa njengezindawo endaweni ezinikezwe.

Uma i-winemaking iyindawo yokuqala ye-viticulture esifundeni, khona-ke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezihambelana nemikhiqizo yazo ethile zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amawayini.

Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi ahlukene Umugqa weSharov

Ithebula: izici nezici zamabanga okuqala wezobuchwepheshe

* Izinhlobonhlobo zinconywe Yirejista Yombuso Yenzalo Evunyiweyo Yenzelwe Ukusetjenziselwa Ukukhulisa Umnotho Wezindlu.

Ividiyo: Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaPlovovsky

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo zokuqala zomvini zewayini

Izinhlobo zomvini ezifika emuva kwesikhathi

Izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe ezifika ngemuva kwesikhathi zibonakaliswa isikhathi eside sokuvuthwa (kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-135 kuye kwezingu-160), okuvumela ukuthi uvune ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izimo ezinjalo zakhiwa isimo sezulu sezindawo zaseningizimu nge-ekwindla ende ende efudumele. Ngokuyisisekelo, amagilebhisi atshalwa kusiko elingasimbozi. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa kamuva zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-winemaking.

Ithebula: izici nezici zamamaki wokusebenza sekwephuzile

* Izinhlobonhlobo zinconywe Yirejista Yombuso Yokuzalela Okufinyelelwe Yenzelwe Ukusetjenziselwa Ukukhulisa Umnotho Wezindlu.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo zomvini zewayini eziphuzile

Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ze-Aliberna

Iphepha lamagilebhisi elenziwe elenziwe okwenziwe ngezandla zakho kusuka ezinhlotsheni zakho eziyizintandokazi zamajikijolo enelanga - angahle abe mnandi futhi abe mnandi ngokwengeziwe! Kunemikhiqizo eminingi yamawayini amangalisayo avela kuCabernet Sauvignon othandekayo, u-Isabella, uMerlot, u-Aligote, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeMuscat. Ngabe usunambithile iwayini elihlanganisiwe? Izinhlobonhlobo zewayini ngalinye linezinzuzo zalo nokubi kulo: elinye linokunambitheka okungajwayelekile, kepha okuqukethwe ushukela ophansi, okuhlukile, kunoshukela omningi, futhi ukunambitheka kulula. Ngifuna ukuxoxa ngezinkumbulo zobusha bami njengoba umkhulu wami wenza iwayini elixubha. Wayeneendlela zokupheka eziningi, kanye nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi, kepha kwakukhona eyodwa, ethandwa kakhulu. Okungadakwa kungagxili, futhi ngesikhathi somkhosi “wandiza” okokuqala. Ekwindla, amagilebhisi akwaSaperavi avuthwa ngaphambili kunanoma ngubani omunye kulesakhiwo - umkhulu wakhe wambiza ngokuthi "amaGeorgians". Bengingamthandi - omuncu kakhulu futhi engenamsebenzi. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba amajikijolo akwaSaperavi aqoqa umbala wawo omnandi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umkhulu wasika izihlahla esihlahleni, wagxotshwa kancane ngamanzi wazifaka “ekuvutheni” - embizeni enkulu yobumba. Amajikijolo aqhekeka ngopusher omkhulu wamapulangwe - "bastard", njengoba umkhulu wabiza kanjalo. Ngemuva kokuba amagilebhisi sewomile, kufakwe ushukela omncane ekubambeni okuphumayo, izitsha zambozwa ngendwangu futhi zanqunywa ekhishini, endaweni efudumele kakhulu endlini. Lapho, wema izinsuku eziningana. Umkhulu wayexuba i-gruel ekuseni nakusihlwa, kuze kube yilapho yaqala ukuvuvukala futhi ikhuphukela esiqongweni sesitsha. Kuvela uFroth obomvu phezu kwendawo ebusayo, nenyama emuncu ekhonjwe ekhishini. Ngemuva kwalokho, uginindela, obizwa ngokuthi uginindela wabanqobayo, wawunyulwa futhi uhlungulwe ngesihlungo. Ushukela wanezelwa ku-pink fluid etholakele, ithululelwe ebhodleleni elikhulu, kwafakwa ingilazi enjoloba ngaphezulu kwentamo. Ngemuva kwesonto, igloves ebelisebhodleleni lalibukeka njengesandla somuntu - lalivuvukele kwimvubelo yamagilebhisi evuthiwe. Umkhulu wengeza ushukela kulolo ketshezi oluvuthiwe kathathu futhi wafaka igilavu ​​ebhodleleni futhi. Yadlula inyanga, kwathi ngelinye ilanga elihle igilavu ​​layeka ukugxila, wehla, wakhihla isililo futhi umkhulu wathi: "Kwenziwe!". I-turbid pinkish fluid yahlungwa kusuka ku-precipitate futhi yahlanzwa inyanga emgqonyeni wamakhaza ukuze kuxazululwe futhi kucaciswe. Ngenkathi umkhulu wami enza iwayini kuSaperavi, cishe isonto kamuva amagilebhisi amnyama i-Opiana avuthiwe - intandokazi yami, amajikijolo amnandi, omnyama kakhulu, acishe abe mnyama. Ngilithandile kakhulu ijusi elisanda kufakwa elisuka kuleligilebhisi, nokunambitheka kamnandi kakhulu, omnandi we-muscat. Amajikijolo eBlack Opiana adlulela kwinqubo efanayo noSaperavi. Isonto - ezinsukwini eziyishumi emva kwe-opiana, umkhulu wayevuna izinhlobo zakamuva esivinini sakhe - u-Odessa Black. Ngiphinde ngathanda le nhlobonhlobo nokunambitheka okungajwayelekile kwamajikijolo - kufana kakhulu nokunambitheka kwama-cherries. Lapho kulungiswa newayini elincane kusuka ku-Odessa emnyama, kanye nasezinhlotsheni ezedlule, kwakusekwindla egcwele egcekeni. Umkhulu wakhipha onke amabhodlela ewayinini emthaleni futhi kwaqala ubuthakathi bangempela. Wathatha okuncane kwewayini ngalinye futhi wabahlanganisa engxenyeni ethile. Ngazama, anikine ikhanda engakujabuleli futhi ngaxubeka futhi. "Ubumnandi nephunga le-Odessa neBlack Opiana akufanele livale ubumnandi bukaSaperavi, kodwa kufanele lihlangane ngokuvumelanayo. Ukuze amawayini angaphazanyiswa, kepha aphelele ukunambitheka okuhlukile komunye nomunye," umkhulu wami wayevame ukuthi. Lapho inqubo yokuxuba isiqediwe, umsebenzi wobuciko wewayini ophelile wathululelwa emabhodleleni engilazi bese uthunyelwa endaweni ephakeme ukuze kuvuthwe umhlobiso wokugcina. Ngobusuku bonyaka omusha, "isiphuzo sawonkulunkulu" esiphelile sathunyelwa etafuleni.Ukuhlanganiswa ngokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, ama-hues anokhahlo ama-plums nama-cherries ayesuliwe ngo-natimeg obuthakathaka, nombala we-ruby okhazimulayo wewayini udale isimo esimnandi ngempela.

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zobuchwepheshe e-Ukraine

Njengoba kunikezwe izindawo ezihlukene zezulu endaweni yase-Ukraine, cishe zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezibhekwe ngenhla zilungele ukukhula ezimeni zasendaweni zesifunda esithile. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Ukraine, izinhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa ngokuvuthwa kokuqala kufanele zitshalwe, maphakathi nendawo naseningizimu, izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezasekupheleni kwesiko sekhava.

Amagilebhisi e-Chardonnay ne-Riesling Rhine izinhlobo zezinhlobo zewayini, ngokulandelana, aphakathi naphakathi nendawo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe berry lunokunambitheka kwalo okuhlukahlukene kanye negobolondo elincanyana kakhulu. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziluvimbela iqhwa, zibekezelela ukubanda kuze kufike ku-18-20^ºC, kepha ebusika badinga indawo yokukhosela. Amagilebhisi angavikeleka ekuthelelekeni ngezifo zokukhunta (ikakhulukazi i-oidium), ngakho-ke, adinga ukucutshungulwa njalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ekwenzeni i winine, izinhlobo zeRiesling Rhine neChardonnay zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amawayini amhlophe owomile.

Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zeRiesling Rhine neChardonnay

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ze-thermophilic Merlot zivela eFrance, kepha kudala zisungulwa ngokuqinile ezivinini zaseningizimu ye-Ukraine. Amajikijolo amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlukaniswa ukunambitheka okubucayi nokunambitheka yangempela ye-nightshade. Ijusi elicacile laleligilebhisi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamawayini abomvu etafuleni.

Ividiyo: Merlot iwayini lezinhlobonhlobo

Isabella esidala esihle sesivele sibhekwa njenge "nhlobo yohlobo." Ngokunokwenzeka, alikho izwe elinjalo noma uzungu lomuntu siqu kungaba seNyakatho noma ENingizimu, lapho amagilebhisi amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ajwayelekile kwabaningi ngephunga le-sitrobheli sasendle elingajwayelekile kulolusiko aluzange lukhule. Ngezinye izikhathi u-Isabella udidekile namagilebhisi aseLydia, futhi newayini, kepha amajikijolo e-burgundy. Uhlobo lokulima olungafundeki, oluhlanganiswe nokuqina kobusika obukhulu kanye nokumelana nezifo, luvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagilebhisi akwa-Isabella ekuhlobiseni ama-arbor, imigoqo nasekuhlobiseni izindonga zendlu. Ukunakekelwa okungabekezeleleki kanye nekhono lokwenza iwayini elihle elenziwe ekhaya kusuka amajikijolo kwenza ukuthi kube ngisho nomgcini wegadi we-novice ukutshala lolu hlobo futhi athole isivuno esihle samajikijolo amnandi.

Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi akwa-Isabella

Ukubuyekezwa kwama-newine

I-Riesling Rhine. Nginezinhlahla ezimbili kuphela kuze kube manje, bengingabaza ukuthi zingavuthwa. Lo nyaka kwaba izithelo zokuqala, ushukela level 23,8, kodwa namanje angicabangi sina le nkomba omuhle - unyaka omuhle, umthwalo omncane. Angihleleli ukwenza umthwalo omkhulu ngokuzayo, ama-2-3 kg ukusuka esihlahleni, sizolwela ikhwalithi yewayini. Okuqukethwe ushukela kulokhu okuhlukahlukene kungasukela ku-16 kuye ku-40 brix (lokhu kumele kuphume lapho kufafazwa amagilebhisi e-ayisikhilimu emvinini weqhwa). Njengoba uValuyko ebhala encwadini ethi “Amagilebhisi Amagilebhisi,” ama-aromatics amahle abonwa ezinhlobonhlobo zeRiesling ezinokuqukethwe ushukela ongu-17%, kodwa eqinisweni amawayini amnandi kakhulu atholakala kumagilebhisi okuvunwa sekwephuzile, i.e. nokuqukethwe okunoshukela okuningi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole iwayini lekhwalithi enhle kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, kwanele ukuba nezinga leshukela elingaba ngu-17 nangaphezulu. EJalimane, benza amawayini amahle kakhulu anezinga lotshwala afinyelela ku-9%, kuyilapho iwayini lilinganiselana kakhulu, linephunga, ngesinye isikhathi linoshukela osele, ngombono wethu li-semi.

IPrikhodko Alexander, eKiev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1925

Sanibonani nonke nonke Magnitogorsk. Eminyakeni engu-8 edlule, watshala i-Alfa yokuqala (ukusika ngengozi yawela ezandleni). Izithelo zeminyaka engu-5. Kuhlala kuvuthwa. Kuyo ngifunde ukusika, ukwakheka. Manje ngaphandle kokukhosela ku-gazebo. I-Pink nutmeg kufanele iqale ukukhula kulo nyaka, yize isihlahla sineminyaka engaba mihlanu, kodwa bekufanele sidluliselwe kwenye indawo ngonyaka we-3. Ku-Alfa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, wagoma u-Aleshenkin ngezindlela ezintathu - ngesihlangu, ekusikeni nasekuqhekekeni. UPasoka usevele uhambe kancane. Ngithathe isinqumo sokuyizama nje, futhi ngenxa yokulondolozwa kwesikhala - phela, u-Alfa wayengowokuqala, futhi uthatha indawo enhle kakhulu - nginqume ukukusebenzisa. Umhlaba osentabeni, umfula omncane eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngicabanga izimo ezifanele esifundeni sethu.

Vic, Magnitogorsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=62&page=5

Ukuvuna u-Aligote kujabule. Unqume ngo-Okthoba 1. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka esihlahleni sonyaka we-4 wezimila, kwatholakala i-7.7 kg. Isilimo asizange silinganise. Kwamanye amahlumela kwahlanganiswa iziqu ezine, ngenkathi ukuvuthwa kwawo womabili amagilebhisi nemivini kwakukuhle kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinelanga kakhulu, lapho kukhanya amalambu okushiswa, bekungekho okushisiwe, kufakwe kuphela ushukela noshukela. Isikhathi sasihamba kahle.

uVictor uVictor, Kharkov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4830&page=3

I-Bianca Izinhlobonhlobo zihle kakhulu. Ngikhula cishe iminyaka eyi-8 kwifomu le-arbor futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ifomu elinjalo lihle kakhulu kuye. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kuqinile. Isibonelo, ngonyaka odlule ngithathe cishe ama-18-20 kg esihlahleni esinesiqu esiphakeme. Lo nyaka umnikeze isilinganiso esithe xaxa, ngithemba ukuthi ngizothola okuthe xaxa - izinhlobonhlobo zizithobe ngokuzithoba umthwalo wonke, ngiphula amahlumela “afile” kakhulu ngama-inflorescence. Ama-bunches ngokuvamile asukela ku-50 kuya ku-200 g. Ku-ihlumela, ngokuya ngamandla okukhula kwawo, ngishiya kusuka kuma-bunches ama-2 kuye kwangama-3 (isb. Cishe wonke noma cishe wonke). Ukuqina okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphakeme, ezimeni zami ngoJulayi-Agasti kwesinye isikhathi kwezinye izindawo kancane kubamba isikhutha. Amajikijolo awathintwa lutho. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yeBianchi nejusi. Ezimweni ze-"zasendle" ukuvutshelwa, kutholakala iwayini elikhanyayo le-semisweet elinezithoni ezithambile. Izinhlobonhlobo azinankinga (ngiyakukhumbuza: Ngibhalela izimo zami).

Poskonin Vladimir Vladimirovich, Krasnodar//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4351

Ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi obuchwepheshe, umlimi ngamunye we-amateur ukhetha eyodwa ehambisana kakhulu nalokho akuthandayo. Iwayini elenziwe elenziwe elenziwe elenziwe ekhaya, isiphuzo samagilebhisi esimnandi nesomnandi, omisiwe, i-churchkhela - lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwe-yummy, olungalungiswa kumagilebhisi akho.