Ukuphakelwa kwentwasahlobo kanye nomanyolo kwama-sitrobheli: yini edingekayo futhi kungcono nini ukuyondla

Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sobuqambi balimi. Abahlali basehlobo nabalimi benza amapulani okutshala, khetha izimbali nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino. Umhlaba awukakakhuli kakhulu ngokhula, kepha izilimo zezithelo zisetshenziswa kakade. Mhlawumbe okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo ama-sitrobheli. Futhi into yokuqala yokumenzela ekuqaleni kwesizini ukumondla ukuze amnikeze amandla okukhulisa izihlahla ezinamandla namajikijolo amakhulu.

Yini umanyolo do sitrobheli adinga entwasahlobo

Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-sitrobheli akhula ngokuqinile uhlaza. Ivolumu yesilimo incike ekutheni amaqabunga kanye nama-petio awugqinsi ayoba makhulu kangakanani. Emabeleni axegayo, ama-berry azokhula abe mancane. Ngamanye amagama: isihlahla esinamandla nesinempilo, siba nezithelo ezikhudlwana. Kepha awukwazi ukusebenzisa utshani obukhulu ngokweqile, kungenjalo kuzokhuluphala, ungabophi amajikijolo, futhi okubi kakhulu, kungashiswa futhi kufe. Ngakho-ke, umanyolo kufanele uhlale usetshenziswe ngokuqapha futhi ungeqi imithamo.

Ukuze kwakheke amaqabunga anempilo namajikijolo amakhulu, ama-sitrobheli adinga ukudla okulinganiselayo

I-nitrogen iyinto yokwakha yezingxenye eziluhlaza kunoma yisiphi isitshalo, futhi yilokhu okudingekayo entwasahlobo. I-nitrogen itholakala kumanyolo wamaminerali, humus, mullein, droppings bird. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-sitrobheli adinga izakhi zokulandela umkhondo, kepha ngaphandle komsoco we-nitrogen azobe engasebenzi. Uma bangezwe ngokungeziwe, njengamavithamini ngemuva kwekhosi eyinhloko, umphumela uzabonakala. Ikakhulu, ama-microelements asiza ukubhekana nezimo ezicindezelayo (isomiso, izimvula ezinkulu, isithwathwa), ukukhulisa ukumelana kwama-sitrobheli ezifweni, ukusheshisa ukukhula, ukuqunjelwa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amajikijolo akhula enkudlwana, amahle kakhulu futhi amnandi.

Ukondla ama-sitrobheli entwasahlobo

Isikhathi sokugqoka sincike emandleni akho, kepha lapho izitshalo sezithola ukwesekelwa, zizokubonga kangcono.

1. Uma isiza sakho siseduze kwendlu, noma unethuba lokuvakashela ingadi ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, chitha umanyolo owomile eqhweni. Bona uqobo bazoncibilika ngeziqubu bangene emhlabathini baye ezimpandeni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngomanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nomlotha wezinkuni.
2. Uma ungena engadini kuphela emva kokuba umhlaba womile, faka umanyolo lapho kukhululwa okokuqala. Hlakaza ngokulinganayo embhedeni wonke, hlanganisa nengaphezulu nangamanzi. Noma faka i-liquid top dress emhlabathini omanzi.
3. Uma kungekho manzi esizeni, umhlaba usomile, bese ufaka umanyolo ngaphambi kwemvula noma ugqoke amaqabunga aphezulu emacembe. Kudinga amanzi amancane, angalethwa noma alethwe nawe.

Noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande kufanele kufakwe emhlabathini oswakeme, uma kungenzeka ngefomu le-liquid. Ungavumeli imifino eyomile ukuba ifike ezimpandeni futhi inyakazise lapho. Kulokhu, kuzotholakala isixazululo esigcizelele esizoshisa izimpande ezicebile kunazo zonke, okungukuthi zisebenza njengama-capillaries - ziletha amanzi kanye nokudla emahlahleni.

Ividiyo: Amathiphu wokunakekela sitrobheli ukuthi ungawaphuza kanjani futhi kanjani

Ukudla okumbiwa phansi, okuphathelene ne-organic kanye ne-pharmacy kwama-sitrobheli

Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-sitrobheli adinga ukugqoka okukodwa kwe-nitrogen eyodwa kanye nomanyolo owodwa owengeziwe onama-microelements. Inketho elula kakhulu ukuthenga ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi esitolo, equkethe ngokushesha zonke izinto ezibalulekile zalesi sitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi ezinjalo zokudla okunempilo manje sezenziwa: i-Gumi-Omi, i-Agricola, i-Fertika nezinye ezimakwe "ngama-sitrobheli / sitrobheli." Nakisisa ukwakheka. Amaphesenti e-nitrogen (N) kufanele abe ngaphezulu kwenani lezinye izinto.

Kunezinketho eziningi zokugqoka zasentwasahlobo: izakhiwo ezenziwe ngomumo zilungele abalimi abaqalayo, futhi abanolwazi oluningi bangazenzela ingxube enempilo yama-sitrobheli ngokwabo besebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo noma imikhiqizo yasekhemisi.

Ukufaka umquba ngamanyolo wezimbiwa

Ezitolo, imvamisa ungathola umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrojeni ngentengo engabizi kakhulu nangokusebenzisa okuncane kwamaziga:

• I-Urea (urea, i-carbonic diamide) evela kuwo wonke umquba wamaminerali iqukethe inani eliphakeme le-nitrogen - 46%. Okusele yi-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo kanye nekhabhoni. Lapho i-urea ixhumana nomoya, amafomu e-ammonia, aqhuma. Ngakho-ke, i-urea kumele ifakwe enhlabathini noma isetshenziswe njengesisombululo. Umanyolo unokusabela okuncane kwe-acidic, eduze nokungathathi hlangothi, ngakho-ke kungasetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi.
• I-Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) usawoti we-nitric acid, oqukethe i-35% nitrogen. Okubi okuyikho kwalomanyolo ukuthi kukhulisa kakhulu i-acidity enhlabathini, ngakho-ke kumele isetshenziswe kanye nefulawa ye-dolomite. Kepha impahla efanayo isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo. Ukunisela amaqabunga kanye nenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate, uzosusa isikhunta.
• I-Nitroammophoska ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe wonke ama-macroelements amathathu abalulekile: i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium. Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bakhiqiza amamaki ahlukene engxube ngaphansi kwaleli gama, futhi ngamunye wabo unesilinganiso sawo sama-macronutrients. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okubi kwalomanyolo ukuthi kungasetjenziswa entwasahlobo kuphela uma ungazange ugcobe ama-sitrobheli nge-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium ekwindla.

Igalari yezithombe: Umanyolo wezimbiwa odumile futhi ongabizi kakhulu kwama-sitrobheli

Izindlela nendlela yokusebenzisa umanyolo wezimbiwa zikhonjisiwe emaphaketheni. Yonke imanyolo emithathu ingafakwa ku-1 tbsp. amalitha nge-1 m² yenhlabathi enomswakama futhi evulekile noma ancibilike ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi namanzi endaweni efanayo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukwethula umanyolo omncane wamaminerali kunokudlula okujwayelekile: I-nitrogen ethe xaxa iqongelela emaqabungeni, bese kuba namajikijolo ngesimo se-nitrate.

Ama-nitrate awabi yingozi empilweni, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngaphakathi komzimba angangena kuma-nitrites anobuthi. Lokhu kungenzeka nge-acidity ephansi, i-gastritis, nokuhlanzeka okungekuhle. Okuzwela kakhulu kuma-nitrites izinsana kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile zinconywa iziphuzo zezithelo ezikhule ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.

Ukondla nge-mullein ukumnika

Uma ungenaso isifiso sokufaka umanyolo wamakhemikhali amaminerali emhlabathini, kepha kunethuba lokuthola umanyolo (umquba), bese wenza umanyolo we-nitrogen kuwo. I-Mullein iyenzeka:

• okombhede - kuhlanganiswa ne-peat noma utshani; ucebile ngokulingana nge-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium;
• udoti - umquba ohlanzekile uqukethe i-nitrogen eyi-50-70%.

Entwasahlobo, udinga i-nitrogen top dress, ngakho-ke sebenzisa ama-mullein angenalutho, okungukuthi, amakhekhe ezinkomo ajwayelekile angaqoqwa lapho izinkomo zihamba khona zidla.

Izinkomo zisebenza ngotshani zibe ngumanyolo obalulekile - i-mullein noma umquba

Iresiphi yokondliwa kusuka ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein:

1. Gcwalisa ibhakede 1/3 ngamakhekhe enkomo amasha.
2. Gcwalisela phezulu ngamanzi nekhava.
3. Beka izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ekushiseni kokubola.
4. Kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, engeza ilitha elilodwa lokufakwa bese uthela ama-sitrobheli ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-0,5 esihlahleni ngasinye.

Isixazululo esinjalo singathululelwa ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, khona-ke izihlahla zizokwengeza ukuvikelwa ezifweni zokukhunta: i-powdery hlobo, amabala ahlukene nabanye.

Ukudla Kwenyoni

Umquba wenkukhu uthathwa njengomanyolo womquba obaluleke kakhulu futhi ogxile kakhulu. Inezakhi zomzimba eziphindwe ka-3-4 kunezinye izingubo eziphezulu zemvelo. Ku-udoti kukhona i-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, izinto ezilandelwayo. I-infusion yenziwa ngendlela efanayo ukusuka ku-mullein, kepha ukuchelela, okuhlushwa kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-2: 0.5 l ye-infusion nge-10 l yamanzi. Izinga lokunisela lihlala lifana - 0.5 l ngesihlahla ngasinye.

Kunikezwa ama-Proportion wokufakwa kumfucumfucu omusha. Iyathengiswa yomiswe ezitolo, futhi kaningi ngaphansi kokupakishwa akukudoti, kepha inkukhu humus. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo kusuka ezilinganisweni zenkukhu ezithengiwe esitolo kufanele silungiselelwe njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji.

Sebenzisa udoti osuka esitolo ngokuya ngemiyalo esephaketheni.

Umanyolo entwasahlobo nge humus

IHumus izinsalela ezibohlokile zezitshalo nemvelaphi yezilwane. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi umquba we-humus, osekule minyaka engu-1-2. Kepha lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nomquba, udoti obovu ovela endlini, ungqimba lwamaqabunga abolile ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Konke lokhu kungumanyolo obalulekile we-organic onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu. Zibaluleke kakhulu kumibhede e-sitrobheli eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, lapho izihlahla zabantu abadala ezikhula ngokweqile ziqala ukuphuma zingene emhlabathini zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwayo kube ngamabhomu. Fafaza i-humus phakathi kwemigqa ungqimba olunjalo ukuze umboze ingxenye engenhla yezimpande. Kuphela izinhliziyo namaqabunga kufanele kube ngaphezulu.

I-Humus ngasikhathi sinye sisebenza njengokugqoka okuphezulu ne-mulch

Ububi bokuphakelwa kokudla nge-humus, infusions of mullein kanye ne-bird droppings ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola okuqukethwe ngqo kwe-nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus ukuze unciphise noma wandise umthamo wokudla kwehlobo nokwindla.

Ukondla ngomlotha wezinkuni

I-Ash ngumanyolo ongenamqondo wokufaka isicelo entwasahlobo ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo nge-nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate, mullein, droppings). Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo zama-micro nama-macro ama-sitrobheli, ngaphandle kwelokuqala - i-nitrogen. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenza kanyekanye ngezinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-nitrogen, kusabela okungafuneki kwamakhemikhali. I-Ash iyi-alkali, i-nitrogen ebusweni bayo iphenduka i-ammonia futhi yaphunyuka. Kuyavela ukuthi izinto eziwusizo zimane zingene emoyeni, hhayi zivundise inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, qala unikeze umsoco oyinhloko ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, lapho kudonswa izitshalo, engeza umlotha (yinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezilandelwayo).

I-Ash ingatholakala ngokushisa hhayi izinkuni zomlilo kuphela, kodwa futhi nanoma yikuphi ukungcola kwesitshalo: utshani obomile, iziqongo, imishanelo yakudala kusuka kubhavu, amacembe wonyaka odlule. Lapho izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukile zishiswa, kutholakala inkimbinkimbi yezinto zokwakheka ezihlukile. Enye iqukethe i-potassium eyengeziwe, enye iqukethe i-phosphorus, njll.

Ithebula: okuqukethwe kwezinto eziku-umlotha kusuka ezintweni ezahlukene

Ibhakede lomlotha lingatholakala ngokushisa iziqongo zamazambane ezomile eziqoqwe kusuka kwikhulu lomhlaba

Ngendlela, umlotha wezinkuni uthengiswa ezitolo zabalimi, kepha ukuwuthengelela isitshalo se-sitrobheli akusona inzuzo, ngoba ukusetshenziswa, kuqhathaniswa nomanyolo wamaminerali, kuphezulu: izingilazi ezi-1-2 ngebhakede lamanzi noma 1 m².

Ukuzondla nge-Ash kungenziwa ngenye yezindlela:

1. Thela ingilazi yomlotha ebhakedeni lamanzi, uyixhawule, kuthi kuze kube yilapho izingxenyana ezisindayo zihlala, uthele ama-sitrobheli ngaphansi kwempande (0.5 l ngesihlahla ngasinye).
2. Moisten amaqabunga e-sitrobheli ngamanzi ahlanzekile asemthanjeni wokunisela. Thela umlotha kube ngesihlungo esikhulu noma i-colander bese uthulisa izihlahla. Ukuhlanza akudingekile. Amaqabunga azothatha umsoco odingekayo, izinsalela zizogezwa noma zigezwe yimvula bese ziye emhlabathini, ezimpandeni.

Ividiyo: ekwakhiweni, izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa komlotha womquba

Ngokuphikisana ne-stereotype, umlotha kanye ne-slag eyenziwe ngemuva kokushisa amalahle nawo angamanyolo. Kepha inomphumela ophambene nokhuni lomlotha - ilukhulisa inhlabathi futhi ingawucubunguli. Kukholelwa ukuthi umlotha wamalahle uqukethe izinto ezinomsakazo nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinqwabelana ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka lapho ikamu lomlotha enhlabathini lingaphezulu kwama-5%. Njengokulinga, abacwaningi baseMelika bafaka umhlaba ngomlotha wamalahle iminyaka emi-3 ngesilinganiso samathani ayi-8 ngehektare elilodwa lomhlaba (ama-200 kg ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu), okungama-1.1%. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomhlaba awenzekanga, okuqukethwe yensimbi kuhlala kuphansi, kanti isivuno sikatamatisi sikhuphuke ngo-70%. Umlotha onjalo uqukethe i-potassium eningi, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-zethusi, evimbela ukulimala sekwephuzile. Kepha udinga ukuletha umlotha wamalahle kanye nezinto eziphilayo (humus, compost).

Ukondla Imvubelo

Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ukwethula imvubelo ejwayelekile kuyo. Lezi zingqimba ezincane ze-unicellular zinegalelo ekuwohlakalweni okusheshayo kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, okuwukuthi, zikuhumushela kwifomu etholakalayo lokondla izitshalo. Inhlabathi ithuthukiswa ngamavithamini, ama-amino acid, i-organic iron, izinto zokulandela umkhondo, initrogen ne phosphorus. Ukufaka umvubelo kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezimpande, futhi lapho izimpande ziba namandla, isihlahla sinamandla kakhudlwana futhi amajikijolo amakhulu kuso.

Imvubelo eyomile necindezelwe ilungele ukondla ama-sitrobheni.

Umanyolo weStrawberry ngemvubelo unezici ezimbili:

• imvubelo yethulwa kuphela enhlabathini efudumele, izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusabalalisa kwabo lingaphezu kwe +20 ⁰C;
• lapho inqubo yokuvutshelwa, kuthathwa i-potassium eningi kanye ne-calcium emhlabeni, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokunisela ngesixazululo se-yeast, kubalulekile ukufaka i-ash top dress.

Indlela elula elula yemvubelo yokunisela sitrobheli:

1. Thela amahlombe amanzi afudumele embizeni enamalitha amathathu.
2. Faka u-4-5 tbsp. l ushukela kanye nepakethe lemvubelo eyomile (12 g) noma 25 g eluhlaza (icindezelwe).
3. Hlanganisa yonke into bese uyibeka endaweni efudumele isikhashana, kuze kube yilapho imvubelo iqala “ukudlala” bese kuvela amagwebu phezulu.
4. Thela yonke inhlwayi emgqonyeni wamalitha ayi-10 noma ukuthambisa ukhuphuke ngamanzi afudumele elangeni.
5. Nisela ama-sitrobheli ngaphansi kwempande ngesilinganiso se-0.5-1 l ngesihlahla ngasinye.

Video: iresiphi yeast

Kunezindlela zokupheka lapho ubusi ushiyelwa khona izinsuku eziningana kuze kube yilapho imvubelo iyeka ukusebenza. Kepha lapho inqubo yokuvutshelwa, kwakhiwa utshwala. Isiphelo sokuvutshelwa sibonisa ukuthi imvubelo yafa kusuka ekuhlushweni okukhulu. Kuyavela ukuthi abalimi bondla ama-sitrobheli ngesisombululo, esifaka: utshwala, uwoyela wefussel, owakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kanye nemvubelo efile. Ngasikhathi sinye, iphuzu lonke lokudla nge-imvubelo lilahlekile - ukubengenisa emhlabathini uphila futhi ubayeke basebenze lapho.

Ukondla nge-ammonia

I-Amoniya ithengiswa emakhemisi, kepha ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu, ngoba uqukethe i-nitrogen compact - i-ammonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphunga elishubile le-ammonia lisabisa izinambuzane eziningi kusuka kuma-sitrobheli: sitrobheli seqhubu, izibungu zebhungane likaMeyi, ama-aphid, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sixazululo sinezakhi zezakhi zokwelapha futhi sibulala isikhunta se-pathogenic esizinze emaqabunga e-sitrobheli.

Umthamo wekhemisi ojwayelekile ngu-40 ml, uhhafu we-vial yonke uya ebhakedeni lokudla

Okondla, thela amanzi ngo-2-3 tbsp. l i-ammonia kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, hlanganisa futhi uthele ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga kanye nomhlabathi. Bheka izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwekhambi. I-Amoniya iguquguqukayo kakhulu, ingashisa ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ungafaki amandla alo. Vula i-vial bese ulinganisa umthamo owuthandayo emoyeni omusha.

Ividiyo: ukudla okumnandi kakhulu kwama-sitrobheli - i-ammonia

Ukwelashwa kwe-iodine ye-Strawberry

Iodine itholakala yonke indawo ngokwemvelo (amanzi, umoya, emhlabathini), kepha ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Iodine itholakala kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izitshalo, ikakhulukazi eziningi zazo ziluhlaza. Isixazululo esinotshwala se-iodine esinye isidakamizwa esivela ekhemisi esiye samukelwa abalimi. Kukholelwa ukuthi le antiseptic ivikela izitshalo ezifweni, futhi uma isisemhlabathini, isebenza njengegalelo le-nitrogen metabolism.

I-Iodine ivikela ama-sitrobheli ezifweni futhi isebenza njengegalelo ekugayweni kwe-nitrogen metabolism.

Izindlela zokupheka ezahlukahlukene zasungulwa futhi zahlolwa, ukugcotshwa kwe-iodine kuyo okuhluke kakhulu: ukusuka kwamathathu kuya ku-0,5 tsp. ku-10 l wamanzi. Ngabe kukhona inzuzo okungenani ngethamo elincane - isayensi ayikafakazelwa, lapho osezingeni eliphezulu, imiphumela emibi ngendlela yokushiswa kwamaqabunga ayibonwanga. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, ukwelashwa nge-iodine kusebenza njengesivikelo esihle sezifo zokukhunta zama-sitrobheli.

Ividiyo: usebenzisa ikhambi lotshwala le-iodine ukucubungula ama-sitrobheli

Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulimaza iodine. Kodwa-ke, le nto inobuthi, iguqukayo. Njengomphumela wokuphefumula komoya wayo, kuqhuma ikhanda, ukukhohlela komzimba, ikhala eligobhozayo. Uma ungenile, zonke izimpawu zobuthi ziyavela. Uma umthamo udlula i-3 g, umphumela ungaba yinhlekelele enkulu. Ikhambi le-iodine alinangozi kangako. Musa ukuzidla ngokweqile ngezitshalo. Ukulungiselela ukugqoka, gqamisa isipuni esikhethekile, inkomishi yokulinganisa, ibhakede, njll. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umanyolo kanye namalungiselelo.

Entwasahlobo, ama-sitrobheli adinga ukondliwa ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusheshisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, kufakwa izakhi zomkhondo. Kodwa musa ukunisela imibhede ngazo zonke izixazululo ezaziwayo nezikhona. Kwanele ukunisela ama-sitrobheli kanye ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ngentambo eyodwa yokugqoka equkethe i-nitrogen (amaminerali, ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein noma udoti) bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ufake umlotha wokhuni noma usebenzise ingxube ethengiwe yezakhi zomkhondo. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingadalelwanga izitshalo ngokuqapha, ngoba azenzelwe ukuthi zisetshenziselwe imithamo lapho zithathwa khona ukuze zigqokwe ngaphezulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingaba yingozi.