Amagilebhisi asatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke ngokungafani nolunye usiko. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zalesi sitshalo esimnandi esinamajikijolo amnandi, iningi lawo asetshenziselwa ukwenza amawayini nama-cognacs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagilebhisi asetshenziswa ukupheka, umuthi, i-cosmetology. Imvamisa umuntu uqobo waba imbangela yokufa kwezivini, kepha isiko lihlala linezinye izitha - izifo nezinambuzane.
Kungani udinga ukucubungula amagilebhisi
Amagciwane, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane kungonakalisa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, kunciphise, futhi ngezinye izikhathi konakalise sonke isivuno ebesilindelwe isikhathi eside ngisho nesitshalo sonke. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kuhlale kulula kunokulwa naso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulwa nezifo zamagilebhisi nezinambuzane eziyingozi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvikela umvini. Yebo, futhi-ke, lapho kutholakala inkinga ethile, thatha izinyathelo zokuyixazulula ngokushesha.
Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zamagilebhisi yi-isikhutha, noma i-Downy hlobo, ne-oidium, noma i-Powdery yangempela. Le "mbhangqwana enothuli" yezifo zokukhunta ithinta amaqabunga, amahlumela, ama-inflorescence namajikijolo, iyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi zaseYurophu.
Igalari yezithombe: izitshalo ezithinteka kanjani ngu-isikhutha ne-oidium zibukeka kanjani
- Amagilebhisi athinteka komoya anezindawo zokukhanya eziphuzi ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga
- amajikijolo athinteka komoya ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe eyi-powdery
- i-oidium ithinta amaqabunga, ambozwe nge-grey coating, curl futhi yomile
- amajikijolo athinteka e-oidium
Izifo ze-fungus nazo ezifana anthracnose, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola, amabala, fusarium nabanye. Ngosizo lomoya, izinhlamvu zisakazeka ebangeni elide, ziwela ebusweni bezitshalo, ziqhume futhi zinikeze izikhala ezintsha. Ukumisa ukuqala kokutheleleka kunzima impela.
Izifo eziningi zamagciwane ziphathwa kabi futhi kungaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla. Okuvame kakhulu kwalokhu ukubonwa kwamagciwane, i-necrosis nomdlavuza.
Ezinye izifo zidalwa yizinambuzane ezihlala ngamaqabunga neziqu. Okuyingozi kakhulu kulokhu ama-aphid, i-phylloxera, amabhu amaqabunga kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu. Isicabucabu siveza njengamabhola abomvu obomvu emithanjeni engaphansi kweqabunga; kuvimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane kakhulu.
Kungakho ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa kwezitshalo kuza kuqala.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi zafa ngokuphelele phylloxera (inkathazo eyethulwa ivela eNyakatho Melika) maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, izinhlobo ezavela kuzo "Madera" odumile zanyamalala. Manje leli wayini lenziwa kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo.
Newpix.ru - umagazini omuhle we-inthanethi
Ukufafaza amagilebhisi nini futhi kanjani
Ukufakwa kwamagilebhisi ngezinjongo zokuthambisa kwenziwa njalo kusukela lapho kuvulwa amagilebhisi entwasahlobo bese kuphela ngenkathi yokulungiselela indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Ukufafaza akwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esinethayo, kanye nosuku oluqhakaza ilanga, kuyadingeka ukulandela ukuhlangana okuningilizayo kwezixazululo, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi. Lapho usebenzisa amakhemikhali, izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele zibhekwe futhi ukufakwa komkhiqizo kumele kuchithwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalo.
Ukuhlungwa Amagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Ukusebenza kokuqala kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-4-6mayelanaC, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvulwa kwemivini, kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuqhakaza. Phambilini, amagatsha awomile futhi anezifo asuswa ezitshalweni, amaqabunga angonyaka odlule asuswa azungeze. Ngasikhathi sinye nomvini, inhlabathi ezungeze i-rhizome nayo iyatshalwa; isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-iron sulfate sisetshenziselwa lokhu (isisombululo esingamaphesenti amathathu siyamukeleka kakhulu). Ngaphezu kokuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, i-iron sulfate ibambezela ukuvulwa kwamahlumela, okuzosiza ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka kusiqalo sentwasahlobo, ukulwa kwelensi kanye nama-mosses nokugqoka okuhle okuphezulu.
Ividiyo: Ukuqala kokusebenza kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvulwa
Abaningi benza ukucubungula amagilebhisi nge-vitriol kuphela ekwindla, futhi entwasahlobo bacubungula izitshalo ngesixazululo esingamaphesenti amathathu se-sulfate yethusi. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufafaza izihlahla ezazigula ngonyaka owedlule.
Lokhu kwelashwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ngama-fungicides (avela ku-lat. Fungus "mushroom" + lat. ICaedo "bulala" -izakhi zezinto zemvelo noma zebhayoloji ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo zefungus) ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvula amehlo, lapho kunamaqabunga ama-3-4 kuphela amahlumela amancane. Ungangeza ukwelashwa kwe-karbofos kusuka ezinambuzaneni eziphaphamile ().
Usosayensi waseFrance uPierre-Marie Alexis Millardde wasungula uketshezi lweBordeaux ngokuqondile ukuze kuliwe nezifo zama fungal zomvini. Namuhla, kusetshenziswa njengesikhunta sendawo yonke ezinye izilimo.
I-Agronomu.com
Uma kunesidingo, ukucutshungulwa kuyaphindwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
Ukwelashwa kokugcina kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa emasontweni angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Akunakusho ukuthi ukufafaza kungenziwa ngenkathi yezimbali, iphunga elingaphandle lizokwethusa izinambuzane bese umvini uhlale ngaphandle kwama-pollinators.
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi ehlobo
Njengoba amagilebhisi angahlaselwa yizifo kuyo yonke inkathi, kungakuhle ukuthi enze izindlela zokwelapha ngokumelene nezifo zokukhunta ehlobo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umvini ungalashwa ngezidakamizwa eziqukethe isibabule. Isibabule sisebenza kuphela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-18 degrees Celsius futhi ngamalungiselelo anesibabule asiza ukulwa ne-Powdery atheek njalo.
Lapho esondela isikhathi sokukha amajikijolo, lapho ufuna ukusebenzisa ubuthi emzabalazweni wesitshalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuphumula kwamasonto angu-1-2, ngihlala ngifafaza ezitshalweni ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (5 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ngisebenzisa ikhambi le-soda (2 wezipuni ezinephezulu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) nge-50 g yensipho ewuketshezi kanye namaconsi ayi-5-10 e-iodine. Lokhu kubumbeka kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, kusiza ekulweni nokhula.
Kufakwe ngokuthembekile ohlwini lwami lwezindlela ezinemvelo zokulwa nezifo zamasiko ahlukahlukene, isidakamizwa iFitosporin-M universal. Ngiyisebenzisa kathathu ngesizini yokufafaza amagilebhisi ezifweni nasekukhuliseni isivuno. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukunamathisela. Sengenze ukugxila kanye, ngiyisebenzisa yonke inkathi ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.
Kwaphawulwa futhi ukuthi i-Powdery isikhutha yathuthuka ngokushesha uma amagilebhisi enganatshelwanga ngezinsuku ezishisayo ezinelanga, yize umswakama ungenye yezimo zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta. Ngokusobala, buthaka kwezitshalo ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini kwaba nomthelela ekwakheni lesi sifo.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula amagilebhisi ezifweni ngesikhathi sokwenza izithelo kusuka ku-oidium, isikhutha, i-anthracnose
Ukuhlungwa Amagilebhisi Autumn
Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna amahlumela anamanzi amajikijolo elanga, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga nokuthenwa komvini, umuntu kufanele aqhubeke nokwelashwa kokugcina kwezitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Lokhu kwelashwa kuzolungisa izitshalo ebusika futhi kuzokwenza ukuthi izihlahla zakho zomvini zihlale ziqinile futhi zinempilo ngonyaka olandelayo. Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-iron ne-zethusi sulfate (3-5%).
Ividiyo: ukwelashwa kokugcina ngaphambi kokukhosela ebusika
Ukususa isikhunta kanye nokubumba ekwindla, ngifafaza iziqu namagatsha omvini. Ngifaka i-1 kg yesikhathi esheshayo esilinganisweni esincane samanzi bese ngiletha isisombululo kumalitha ayi-10.
Ungawuphatha kanjani umvini ezifweni
Empini yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane zamagilebhisi, kanye nensimbi saltate ne-Bordeaux esetshenziswa isikhathi eside, sekuvele ama-fungicides amasha. Ngokusebenzisa kwabo kahle, kufanele wazi ukuthi ama-fungicides yile:
- isenzo sokuxhumana;
- inqubo ehlelekile;
- kuhlangene
Ama-fungicides othintana nawo awawona umlutha, kepha ukusebenza kwawo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni ngokuphelele, asebenza ebusweni besitshalo futhi ancike ezimweni zezulu nesikhathi sesicelo, imvula yokuqala izoyigeza, futhi amazolo anciphise umphumela. Zingaqhathaniswa nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ngaphandle.
Ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides anjalo kungaphindwa njalo. Kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvikela noma ekuqaleni kwesifo. Ama-fungicides oxhumana nawo afaka i-Omal, Rowright neBordeaux.
Ama-fungicides esistimu enza sengathi avela ngaphakathi kuso sonke isitshalo, umphumela wokusebenzisa kwawo ubonakala ngokushesha, futhi imvula ngeke iwageze. Ububi babo ukuthi bumlutha, kumele bashintshwe njalo, imvamisa busetshenziswa ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Amakhemikhali ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa izici zokuhleleka okuhleliwe nokuxhumana, kufaka phakathi iShavit, iRidomil Gold, iCabrio Top. Ziyakwazi ukulwa ekulweni, i-oidium, zonke izinhlobo zokubola, amabala amnyama.
Ithebula: I-fungicides ehleliwe
| I-fungic ye-systemic | Lesi sifo |
| Carbio Phezulu | isikhutha |
| I-Ridomil Gold | isikhutha |
| Amasaka | isikhutha, i-oidium |
| Umphumela | oidium |
| Privent | oidium |
| I-Falcon | isikhutha, i-oidium |
| Fundazole | isikhutha, i-oidium |
| I-Vectra | isikhutha, i-oidium |
| Ronilan | ukubola okungwevu |
| I-Topsin | ukubola okungwevu |
| ISumylex | ukubola okungwevu |
| UCaptain | ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama |
| I-Tsinebom | ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama |
| UFlaton | ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama |
| UTopazi | ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama |
| I-Baytan | ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama |
Ukuhlungwa Kwezinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziphambili ezivela kumagilebhisi yi-aphid (phylloxera) kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.
Ukuze ulwe nama-aphid, kuye kwenziwa amakhemikhali alandelayo:
- ukushesha, isenzo sokuthinta esiswini kuma-parasites;
- I-Fozalon, ebonakala ngesenzo eside;
- I-Actellik, evumelekile kuze kube ngamahora ama-2, ivimbela ukuphinde kuqale kabusha ama-aphid;
- i-kinmix, ebhubhisa kokubili abadala kanye nezibungu
Ukulwa nama-spider mites, fosalon, benzophosphate, permethrin asetshenziswa.
Noma yiziphi izinambuzane, kufaka phakathi i-spider mite, ziyafa ngemuva kokufafazwa ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal (75%).
Ngizama ukungasebenzisi amakhemikhali futhi ngisebenzise ezinye izindlela. Ngokumelana ne-aphid ngisebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwamazambane noma eziqongweni zikatamatisi. 1.5 kg wezinsika ezisikiwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi athathwa futhi afakwa amahora ama-3-4. Ukufafaza ngomlotha wezinkuni kuyasiza futhi (ingilazi engu-1 yamlotha kumalitha ayi-5 amanzi, kufakwe amahora ayi-12). Isixazululo sensipho (i-100 g tar tar emgqonyeni wamanzi) nawo unomphumela. Futhi kusukela umkhaza ngilungiselela ukumiliselwa kwe-anyanisi ikhasi ngale ndlela elandelayo: imbiza (ivolumu incike esilinganisweni esidingekayo sokumiliselwa) igcwele isigamu nge-onion husk, futhi ithulule kushisa (60-70mayelanaC) ngamanzi, ngifaka izinsuku ezingama-1-2. Ngemuva kokucindezela, ngifaka amanzi kabili bese ngisebenzisa ngokushesha.
Ukubuyekezwa kwama-newine
Angisebenzi nezeFundazole nhlobo, futhi ngisebenzisa ukwelashwa okukodwa neRidomil Gold minyaka yonke njengokuvimbela. Ngincamela ukucubungula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kunokuba ngicime umlilo oshiswe ngomlilo. Futhi futhi angisebenzisi i-Nitrafen. Futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngincamela okuthile okungathi sína ukwedlula noma yisiphi isiqongo se-Abiga. Isibonelo, i-Kursat ethinta oxhumana naye. Futhi angisebenzisi insecticides, ngoba Anginawo umkhaza noma ipheshana. Isigamu sesibili sesikhathi sokukhula sihamba ngokukhululeka sizungeze isivini ngaphandle kokwesaba, futhi ngizama amajikijolo esihlahleni. Futhi kusukela ekugcineni kwezimbali kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, angisebenzi kumakhemikhali.
IVladimir Stary Oskol, Isifunda saseBelgorod//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
Ukulwa nokubola, ngisebenzisa uHorus noShintsho.
IVasily Kulakov Stary Oskol Belgorod Region//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
Sekuyiminyaka eminingana ngisebenza neCabrio Top, EDC. Ngijabule kakhulu ngomphumela: usebenza ngokuqinile ngokumelene ne-isikhutha, i-anthracnose, i-oidium ne-black bola. Ngenkathi, ezimbalwa zokwelapha ziyadingeka, kepha zisebenza kuphela kuzithombo zesikole ikakhulukazi, ngoba isikhathi sokulinda siyizinsuku ezingama-60. Esivinini esinezithelo ngizama ukungasisebenzisi nhlobo. Yize zisesimweni esibi kakhulu, noma ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kwesinye isikhathi bekufanele nokuzicubungula ...
Fursa Irina Ivanovna Krasnodar Territory//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
Ukwelashwa kokuqala, ngokushesha ngemuva kokususwa kwendawo yokukhosela-500 gr, LCD, 10 l, amanzi. Hlakulela futhi umhlaba ezungeze izihlahla. Ngemuva kokudotshwa kwemivini, ama-250 g, i-ammonium nitrate, nge-1 sq. M, nisela amagilebhisi kakhulu, noma ngabe aluhlaza noma lomile. Ukucutshungulwa kokuqala kwezihlahla, usayizi weqabunga, uhlamvu lwemali amasenti amahlanu. I-Ridomil Gold-50 gr, iTopsin M-25g, iHorus-6 gr, i-Bi 58 entsha, ngokwemiyalo. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kumaviki amabili. Izidakamizwa ezifanayo + iColloidal isibabule, 60-80 g, ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Lolu hlelo lungasetshenziswa yinoma ngubani, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukumelana nemingcele futhi akunakuba khona fake. Emabangeni akamuva, ngisebenzisa ukwelashwa kwesithathu, iTeldor, ngokwemiyalo + ye-potassium permanganate + soda. Angizisebenzisi ezinye izidakamizwa. Kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, ekwindla, ngicubungula isivini noDnokom.
Alexey Kosenko, esifundeni saseKherson Golopristansky yisifunda.//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=14904
Isivini sitshaliwe iminyaka eminingi (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100): lapho isihlahla sikhulile, sikhula amajikijolo. Ngakho-ke, ungavilaphi, yenza konke njengoba kulindeleke, uvikele umvini ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, futhi umphumela wemisebenzi yakho uyoba ngamaqhubu amnandi wamagilebhisi.
