Yonke insimu ifuna ukuthola isivuno esihle futhi esiphezulu, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuvamile imifino ihlaselwa yizinambuzane noma isifo.
Isitshalo sibhekene nalezi zinhlekelele, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqondiswa ezimbangela zezinkinga zensimu futhi ukwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzixazulula.
Izimbangela zeparsley ephuzi emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho ukhula i-parsley ingabhekana nenkinga yokuphuza kwayo.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene:
- ukungabi nomswakama noma izakhi;
- ukutholakala kwezifo;
- ukulimala kwezinambuzane.
Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe amaphuzu amabili okugcina.
Incazelo yezifo ezivamile zika-parsley
Izifo eziningi ze-parsley zibhekene nezimpawu ezifanayo, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukubona lesi sifo. Cabangela izici ezivame kakhulu.
Uyazi? F. Miller ku "I-Gardener's Dictionary" (1805) ebizwa ngokuthi i-parsley "umbulali wezinyoni ezincane." Uthe futhi ukuthi kulimaza amehlo futhi kuphazamisa ukuwa nesifo.
Idonsa likaMealy
Isifo esivamile se-fungal esithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.
Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko yizi:
- ebonakala ngokubonakala kwepaki elimhlophe, okuyinto engumlando wami;
- ukwakheka kwezidumbu zezithelo, kushintsha umbala we-mycelium, kuba grey emnyama;
- esakazwa yi-sporulation ye-conidial;
- Umthombo wokutheleleka yizona zinsana zezitshalo ezithathelwanayo.
Umkhuhlane we-Powdery ubangelwa u-Erysiphe umbelliferarum.
Stolbur
I-Phytoplasma yi-agent ye-causative, futhi ithwala i-cicadas yayo.
Ungakwazi ukunquma ngezici ezilandelayo:
- elibhekwa yi-chlorosis, ebonakala ekuqaleni emaphethelweni weqabunga leqabunga;
- iqabunga lonke lithinteka kancane kancane;
- indawo ethintekile ekugcineni ibomvu;
- lesi sitshalo sigxila ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, futhi kamuva soma;
- izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivele cishe inyanga eyodwa emva kokutheleleka, lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti;
- i-pathogen ihlala emapulazini othwala izinkukhu eziqhamuka ezimpandeni zokhula nezitshalo ezitshalwe;
- ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kuncike ekuthumeni kwe-customsdok.
Septoria, noma indawo emhlophe
I-pathology inemvelaphi ye-fungal futhi ibonakala ngezici zesici:
- ama-brown stains aphuzi kunoma yiziphi izingxenye (amahlamvu noma iziqu) zesitshalo;
- kamuva, umbala wezindawo uguqula ukukhanya-okumhlophe nokuguqulwa okumnyama;
- ezigabeni ezilandelayo zesilonda, i-parsley iphenduka ephuzi futhi imile;
- isimo esihle isimo semvelo;
- izinhlamvu ziqhubeka ezinsalela zezitshalo.
Ukugqwala
Izimpawu zihlanganisa:
- izimpawu zokuqala zivele ekuqaleni kwehlobo;
- amabala (ane-0.5 mm ububanzi) umbala ophuzi obomvu ngemuva kweplate leshidi;
- Ukubona indawo kungahlakazeka noma iqembu;
- okuqhubekayo okuyingxenye nokugxila kuyathinteka;
- i-lesion ithola umbala obomvu bese iba i-powder;
- isiko siphephuka futhi silahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo;
- phezu kwezinsalela zezitshalo, i-teliospores, ehluma e-basidium, igcinwa. Ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kwenzeka nge-basidiospores.
Isizathu sibangelwa yi-fungus Puccinia petroselini Lindr.
I-Jaundice
I-jaundice iyingozi ngokwemvelo. Yanda emasiko amaningi futhi isakazwa ngokumamatheka.
Izimpawu zesifo yizi:
- i-yellowing leaf veins;
- i-branching ngokweqile yeziqu;
- izimpande ezimpandeni zakha izimpande ezincane ezifana nezizwa;
- ubusika emanzini wezitshalo ezingapheli.
Isikhathi esisheshayo
Esinye isifo se-viral, esithathwa yi-aphid. I-pathology ayitholakali kutholakala e-parsley.
Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko yizi:
- esiteji sama 3-4 amashidi avela ukuvinjelwa nokunciphisa i-petiole yeqabunga;
- amaqabunga abe amancane futhi agcwele i-chlorosis ngesimo somdwebo ezindaweni ezimnyama nezikhanyayo;
- ukuguqulwa nokuguqulwa kwamaqabunga kubonakala;
- Ubomvu bungabonakala emaphethelweni e-chlorosis.
I-bacteriosis esetshenzisiwe
Isifo esibangelwa amagciwane sinezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala okukhanya;
- ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhanya kukhanya;
- amahlamvu ahlanganiswa nge-slime futhi ayancipha.
Fomoz
Ukubola okubomvu okumile kungathuthuka ngamafomu amabili.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zibhekwa esitshalweni esiluhlaza:
- imivimbo emnyama nezindawo ezibomvu zivela ngaphansi kwama-petioles nasezingxenyeni ze-branching;
- Ngokuvamile u-mass mass uyakhiwa ezindaweni.
- kamuva, izindawo ezithintekayo ziba yimpunga, zimile futhi zibe zibuthakathaka;
- izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo ziyafa;
- ukusatshalaliswa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zezitshalo kanye nembewu;
- izihlahla ezikhulayo ezilandelayo zibuye ziqale ukutheleleka, kodwa lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi sihlanganise izindawo ezinkulu;
- I-pathology ibonakala ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekuqaleni kwekwindla, cishe ekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo;
- izimo ezihle - umswakama ophezulu.
Indlela yesibili ye-fomoz - izimpande zokubola, esivele zikhonjiswe kulezi zindawo. Imifino igcwele izindawo ezicindezelekile ezimpunga, lapho kubonakala khona indwangu ebomvu yokubola. Isethulo nokunambitheka kwemikhiqizo kuhla kakhulu. Futhi kunciphisa impilo yeshalofu yezilimo ezimpande.
Uyazi? Iparsley yayisetshenziswanga ukwelashwa noma ukupheka kuphela. AmaGreki amthunga emagcekeni emngcwabo nasemigqumeni yabanqobile emincintiswaneni yezemidlalo. Futhi amaRoma ayegqoka izinsika ezinjalo ukuvimbela ukudakwa phakathi kwamaholide.
I-Perinosporosis
Izici zayo zezici ziyi:
- ingxenye engaphezulu yamaqabunga igcwele i-chlorosis;
- Ukubona ibala kuthola umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, ubuningi kanye namafutha;
- kamuva, amabala abe mnyama, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kugubungelwe ukuthinta umbala ompunga-obomvu;
- amahlamvu athintekile aphelile, kanti amahlathi aphelile;
- lesi sifo sithuthuka esimweni sezulu esimanzi ngokushisa okungaba ngu-15 ... + 20 ° ะก;
- Umthombo wokungcoliswa yizinsalela ze-parsley ethintekile.
I-Downy isikhutha yisifo se-fungal.
Incazelo yama-parsley izinambuzane
Ngaphezu kwezifo, i-parsley ihlaselwa izinambuzane. Ake sithi igama elivame kakhulu.
I-carrot isembozo
Lezi zinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza eziluhlaza zinemiphumela emibi elandelayo:
- isitshalo sesitshalo sisebenza njengokudla kokubili izicathulo zabantu abadala kanye nezibungu zabo;
- Amaqabunga aphelile futhi aphethwe;
- i-rosette yeshidi ithola i-terry;
- kamuva amahlamvu abuna futhi awele;
- izicubu ezimpande ziba nzima, zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo kanye ne-juiciness.
Stem Nematode
Lezi zinambuzane zivame ukutholakala ku-anyanisi nogalikhi, kodwa kuthinta i-parsley kanye.
I-Nematode kanye nezibungu zayo zidla ngesimiso semikhuba esiphunga, okwenza kube nokuphazanyiswa ekuthuthukiseni kwayo:
- amaqabunga aphendukile abuye afe;
- amahlumela aphelile;
- Ama-whiteform worms aphindaphinda ngokubeka izimpungushe ezimathini zezitshalo. Lapho izihlahla zifa, izibungu ziya emhlabathini ukuyofuna isitshalo semifino esisha.
I-carrot ihamba
Kuyinto encane (kuze kube yi-5 mm) izinambuzane, ezinomzimba obumnyama nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-paws ephuzi kanye nenhloko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lithinta cishe wonke amasiko asambulela:
- ekupheleni kukaMeyi ubeka amaqanda ezimpandeni;
- izibungu zingene ohlelweni lwempande, zilimaze ngokuhamba okuningi, kamuva ziqhubekele phansi;
- Phakathi nehlobo, isizukulwane sesibili sezinambuzane sibonakala, futhi konke kuphinda. Lezi zimpungushe, ziphunywe, ebusika emhlabathini;
- izimpande eziqothukile zikhula futhi azifaneleki ukugcinwa, futhi amaqabunga kancane kancane athola i-hue ebomvu-obomvu, aphuzi futhi aphume;
- indiza ikhetha izindawo ezinomanzi kakhulu.
I-Aphid emnandi
Lezi zinambuzane aziphazamisi kuphela amakhabe kanye nemifino, kodwa futhi ne-parsley. Inesayizi encane (1.2-1.8 mm) nombala ophuzi kuya cishe omnyama.
Izibungu zalo kanye nabamele abantu abadala, bekungaphakathi kwendawo yeqabunga, londla ijusi layo.
Ingozi yenkathazo yilezi zinambuzane:
- Ukuncelisa isitshalo esitshalweni kubangela ukubola, ukuphuza nokufa;
- ukuba ne-overwintering emhlabathini ovulekile (phezu kwezinsalela zokhula noma izitshalo ezitshalwa), kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, yakha izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwezi-10;
- bangabathwali bokutheleleka okuhlukahlukene.
Izindlela zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Ukuze silwe nezilokazane nezifo usebenzisa izindlela zendabuko zokwelashwa noma izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali.
Izindlela zomphakathi
Ngokunqotshwa kwe-parsley tley kusetshenziswa izikhambi ezilandelayo zabantu:
- ekushiseni kufanele ahlahlele izihlahla ngamanzi;
- Esikhundleni samanzi, ungasebenzisa ukumnika kukagalikhi, utamatisi noma amazambane amazambane, ikhasi le-anyanisi, i-tansy noma umhlonyane. Ukuze i-infusion ithathe cishe u-400 g wezinoma izithako ezibalwe futhi uthele ibhakede lamanzi abilayo. Usuku lokuphikelela, emva kwalokho engeza 40 g sensipho. Sebenzisa ama-2-3 ngezindlela zokuphumula ezinsukwini ezingu-4;
- uma ama-aphid engekho kakhulu, ungaphonsa iparsley ngamanzi asosi (40 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi);
- ama-eyed golden ne-ladybugs anciphisa inani lama-aphid.
Kubalulekile! I-Marigold, i-coriander, i-mint, i-garlic noma i-basil etshalwe eduze ne-parsley izovimbela ukubonakala nokukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane eziningi.
Esikhathini sokulwa nesanqante fly ziyasebenza:
- inhlanganisela yesihlabathi ne-naphthalene (9: 1) ihlakazekile emibhedeni ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- emgqeni ohlangene ngophuni noma emnyama;
- ama-anyanisi atshalwe eduzane aduduza inambuzane eyingozi.
Kunzima ukuqeda izaqathe ngosizo lwezindlela zomuntu.
Ungazama amathuluzi alandelayo:
- ukucubungula uthuli;
- spray ngamanzi asosi (40 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi);
- ukuqoqa nokubhubhisa amaqanda ezinambuzane.
Ukuze ulwe nemithi ye-stem nematode, ungasebenzisa i-infusions elandelayo:
- Gaya 1 kg ye-calendula bese uthela ibhakede lamanzi afudumele, ugcizelela izinsuku ezimbili bese ufaka isicelo sokuchelela noma ukusifiphaza.
- Ngokuba ukulungiselela u-anyanisi brew kuthatha u-0.5 kg we-anyanisi, uthele ibhakede lamanzi bese ucindezela usuku. Amanzi cishe izikhathi ezintathu ngekhefu lokuphumula.
- Thatha i-300 g yezimbali namaqabunga e-nasturtium, uthele ama-5 amalitha amanzi, ugcizelele usuku. Sebenzisa ukuchelela, kanye nokwehliswa kwangaphambilini.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde indlela yokutshala i-parsley yokukhula okusheshayo.
Amakhambi omphakathi ekulweni nezifo zika-parsley ayisebenzi, kodwa usengakwazi ukuzama:
- Lapho isikhumba se-powdery singasifaka izihlahla ngesikhambi se-1 tbsp. l soda nge 0.5 tsp. insipho yamanzi 4 amalitha amanzi. Ukucubungula izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3 ngekhefu lesonto. Noma ulungise isisombululo samasondo, ahlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10.
- Uma igciwane le-powdery isikhutha (peronosporosis), isisombululo se-serum (3 l) + 1 tsp isetshenziswa. i-sulphate yethusi ku-7 amalitha amanzi. I-Parsley kufanele iphathwe ngale-agent.
- Umonakalo omkhulu uzokuvimbela ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo.
Nakani! Ukuze unciphise amathuba okuthola izifo, kubalulekile ukushintsha ukutshalwa kwe-parsley no-utamatisi, i-legumes kanye ne-beet.
Ukucubungula ama-Chemical
Izifo ezihlukahlukene zasebenzisa amakhemikhali:
- ne-septoria Ukwelashwa kwenziwa "nge-Energen" (amaconsi angu-20 ngehora elilodwa lemanzi) ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, bese ephindaphindiwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Ungasebenzisa futhi "Inzuzo" ngokulandela imiyalelo;
- kusuka septoria Ukwelashwa kwezinyanga ezimbili ezincane nge-0.5% ye-oksidi yethusi noma i-1% ikhambi le-copper sulfate kuzosiza (isikhathi sokuphulukisa cishe amasonto amathathu);
- lapho izimpawu ze-bacteriosis ezibonakala zivela, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Planriz noma i-TMTD ziyasetshenziswa ngokulandela imiyalelo;
- ukwelapha kabili nge-1% yemingcele ye-Bordeaux (ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-10) kwenziwa ngezimpawu ze-fomoz;
- ngokugqwala i-fungicides "i-Topaz", "i-Baktofit", "i-Fitosporin-M" ngokwemiyalo. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa uma izimpawu zitholakala, futhi ziphindaphindiwe - emavikini angu-1-2;
- ngezimpawu ze-powdery isikhutha i-fungicides "Bayleton" noma "Fundazol" isetshenziswe ngokusho kwenkcazo yephakheji.
Kubalulekile! Uma uphatha izitshalo ngamakhemikhali udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi imifino enjalo akufanele idliwe. Kudingekile ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokwazi uma i-parsley ingasetshenziswa.
I-Chemistry nayo iqhutshwa ku isanqante ukulawula izinambuzane:
- ekulweni nama-aphid Imithi ephumelelayo efana ne "Fitoverm-1" (5 ml ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi), i-Spark (ithebhulethi elilodwa ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele), i-Karbofos (60 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi), kanye nokuvota impova yasemhlabathini. Emva kokucubungula isitshalo, kuyisifiso sokumboza ifilimu ngosuku, lokhu kuzosiza ukubhubhisa zonke izinambuzane;
- listobloshka wabhubhisa lapho ushofaza amalungiselelo "Spark" noma "Fitoverm". Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngoMeyi (ukubonakala kobuhlungu bezinambuzane), kanti okwesibili ngoJuni (ukubukeka kwezibungu). I-Listobloshki overwinter emifino ye-coniferous, ngakho-ke kuhleleka ukuba uyenze (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nekwindla sekwephuzile) "Karbofos" (60 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi);
- ukulwa nesanqante fly Amakhemikhali afana ne-Inta-Vir, i-Decis noma i-Vega asetshenzisiwe. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngoMeyi (isikhathi sokubeka);
- imikhiqizo equkethe mercaptophos noma phosphamide isetshenziswa ekulweni nematode. Amalungiselelo anjalo "BI-58", "Dimethoat" no "Rogor". Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele ufunde lesi sichasiselo.
Ividiyo: Amalungiselelo eziphilayo zokuvikela izitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Ukuze i-parsley ijabule ngokubukeka kwayo, yayinambitha futhi ingathintwa yizilokazane nezifo, kudingeka usebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- hlwayela izinhlobo eziphikisanayo (Fresco, Natalka, Titan noma Element);
- sebenzisa kuphela imbewu enempilo futhi ephezulu yokuhlwanyela;
- ukukhiqiza imbewu yokucwiliswa kwemithi. Kuze kube sekugcineni, zimanzi afudumele (+ 45 ... + 48 ° C) amanzi ngamaminithi angu-20. Ungasebenzisa nesisombululo se-1.5% se-potassium permanganate (cwilisa imizuzu engu-20 bese ugeza ngamanzi);
- etshalwe enhlabathini ehlutshiwe kahle, emibhedeni ekhuphukile ngaphandle kwezitshalo ze-coniferous;
- ukuhambisana nokushintshanisa kwezitshalo (okunye no-utamatisi, ubhontshisi noma izithelo) kanye nendawo endaweni efanayo hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3;
- etshalwe emva kokutamatisi, iklabishi, ukhukhamba noma i-peas;
- ukubhubhisa ukhula kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo (izifo eziningi zezifo zingase ziqhubeke);
- zalisa nge-potash ne-phosphorus yokugqoka. Inhlabathi enomhlabathi epholile;
- izitshalo ezincane ezincane (esigabeni sesi-2 salolu shicilelo);
- weeding okwesikhashana futhi ukukhulula;
- izimpande zitshalwe zivunwa lapho izinga lokushisa lihlalela ku-5 ° C.
