Gerbera

Gerbera (Gerbera) - isitshalo somndeni we-aster, cishe isigamu semitha ukuphakama ngezimbali ezinkulu ezinhle kakhulu zemithunzi ehlukahlukene. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-gerbera yiNingizimu Afrika, kanye nesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Le imbiza zisetshenziswa ngokukhula okuphakathi nendawo ikhula njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa ingaphakathi, kufaka phakathi ukusikwa.

Izimbali ezinkulu ze-gerbera ngebhasikidi zingaba zombili futhi zibe bushelelezi, zibe nomnyombo wamathoni amhlophe noma amnyama. Isikhathi sezimbali esiphezulu yizinyanga ezi-2. Isikhathi sokuphila sembali asidluli iminyaka emi-3.

Naka izitshalo zeJacobinia neGloriosa.

Izici eziwusizo

Gerbera - Lezi yizimbali ezinemibala enephunga elimnandi, okungeke kulimaze ekhaya noma kube nabantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba noma i-asthmatics. Le mbali isebenza njengokuhlanza umoya wemvelo ohlunga umoya-mpilo ekungcoleni okulimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla ewusizo ye-gerbera yikhono lokulungisa ukubukeka kokuhlobisa okuqhakazelayo okwenyanga cishe eyodwa.

Ukunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo kweGerbera

IGerbera ekhaya isuka ngokushesha futhi ayibangeli nkinga enkulu, uma ulandela amaphuzu aphambili ekunakekelwa kwezimbali okunekhono, okuwukuthi:

Ukunakekelwa kukaGerbera ekhaya

Ngemuva kokutholwa, lesi sitshalo sinikezwa ithuba lokuhlala ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje cishe amasonto amabili. Imvamisa, i-gerbera ethengayo eqhakaza kakhulu iyafa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngoba imvamisa lezi zimbali zijwayela okuqukethwe okuhlaza okotshani, okunikeza isimo sezulu esifanele kanye nokukhanyisa okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthengwa, imbali ye-gerbera ekhaya ayikwazi ukuhlala ijwayela endaweni entsha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza kuphela amahlamvu ngaphandle kwama-inflorescence, noma afe.

Kepha ungazama ukusindisa i-gerbera ethengiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emavikini amabili emva kokutholwa, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqhakaza okugcwele, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa ebhodweni elinomfutho omningi ngokufakwa kwenhlabathi yesitolo yesikhashana.

I-Gerbera iqhakaza

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-gerbera iyakwazi ukujabulisa ngezimbali kaningana ngonyaka. Kwisitshalo esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye mayelana nama-inflorescence angama-5-6 angaqhakaza, kufana ne-camomile. Ububanzi bezimbali bukhulu impela - 5 cm, ngezinsimbi ezijwayelekile, "terry" noma inaliti-ezimise okwenziwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi ye-gerbera ikuvumela ukuthi uyihlobise ngokuphelele noma iyiphi ingaphakathi lembali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sitshalo sihlala sisitsha okungenani inyanga.

Imodi yokushisa

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwe-gerbera ukugcina ukulingana kwezinga lokushisa ehlobo nobusika. Esimweni sokuqala, imbali akufanele ivunyelwe ukugcwala ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi iyanda futhi umuntu akalindi isikhathi sezimbali. Ukushisa okuvunyelwe okuphezulu ehlobo kungama-21 degrees.

Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sithunyelwa “i-respite”, egumbini elipholile elinamazinga okushisa angabi ngaphezu kwe-14 ukushisa ngokunokwenzeka komoya ojwayelekile.

Ukufafaza

Ikhaya gerbera cishe njalo kudinga ukufafazwa. Ebusika, isilinganiso esinjalo sizosiza ukugwema ukoma ngaphandle kwimbali ngenxa yokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokushisa. Ehlobo, umswakama uvele masinyane usuka ebusweni bomhlaba nasezitshalweni uqobo, ngoba ufafaza ngokunembile okuzosiza ukugcina ibhalansi oyifunayo, ugweme ukungaboli nokuqothuka kwamahlamvu, okungenzeka uma uqhubeka kakhulu nokunisela.

Ngokufafaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza ngesifutho esihle. Amaconsi amakhulu awela ngqo ezimbali elangeni angadala izindawo ezishisayo.

Isibani seGerbera

Ukukhanya kwelanga kwakusasa noma kusihlwa kuzosiza i-gerbera izizwe imnandi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kungcono ukungayisebenzisi ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile yasemini, uma kungenjalo kuqinisekiswa ngokweqile kanye nokushisa, okuzobhubhisa imbali kuphela.

Uma kunamafu, isimo sezulu esipholile, kunconywa ukuhlela ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwe-gerbera. Kulesi simo kuphela, ungathembela ukuthi imbali izophila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela ngokulinganiselayo yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni ngempumelelo kwe-gerbera. Noma kusesimweni sezulu esishisayo, awukwazi ukusikhukhula lesi sitshalo, ngoba ukuthambisa amanzi kwekhava lomhlaba kuholela ekubambeni kwezimpande noma ukuvela kwezifo zokukhunta. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunisela le mbali:

• ingaphezulu akumele lome ngokujula kuno-2-3 cm
• ebusika, ukuthambisa kufanele kwehliswe, umthetho usebenza lapha - kungcono ukugcwaliswa kancane kunokugcwaliswa ngokweqile
• sebenzisa kuphela evikelwe noma encishisiwe, kanye namanzi emvula
• uma ngemuva kokunisela amanzi ngokweqile kuqoqene epanini - kufanele kuthulwe.

Inhlabathi

Kwi-gerbera, noma yimuphi umhlabathi ovulekile ovulekile uwulungele. Isibonelo:

• inhlabathi ye-azalea enobuthi;
• Peat nge-perlite, ingxenye eyodwa ngakunye;
• inhlabathi yonkana yokuhlobisa-yokuqhakaza ngesithonjana se-vermiculite;
• isendlalelo se-peat, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi eshidi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 2

Kungakhathaleki ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ungqimba lodonsa futhi luyakhiwa - kusuka kubumba olwandisiwe, edwaleni noma emaphethini amatshe amancane.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukukhula okuphumelelayo, noma yisiphi imbali engaphakathi idinga izinto ezengeziwe zokulandela umkhondo, kufaka phakathi i-gerbera. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kufaka ukugqokwa kwesitshalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, okwenziwa izinyanga ezimbili emva kokufakelwa futhi okwalandela njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi. Esigabeni sokukhula kwamahlamvu, imbali idinga Umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo siqine, ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali kuyadingeka ezitshalweni zezimbali, ezizokwanela, noma ngabe usebenzisa uhhafu womthamo onconyiwe.

Ukufakelwa

Ukudluliselwa ngaphakathi gerberas esikhathini esiningi kwenziwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa kwengqondo, uma lokhu akuyona inqubo yokuqala ngemuva kwesitolo. Inhlabathi yesitolo kufanele ithathelwe indawo ngokuphelele, ngoba ayinazo izinto eziwusizo zesitshalo, kodwa inamalungiselelo ashukumisayo wokugcina ukubukeka kwezimbali. Ngakho-ke, ekufakweni kokuqala ngemuva kwesitolo, inhlabathi eyomile yezimbali kufanele inyuswe kancane, isitshalo kumele sisuswe ngokucophelela, izimpande zisuswe ngokuphelele emhlabathini bese zibulawa magciwane kwisisombululo sokubulala isikhunta. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe ebhodweni olusha nomhlabathi olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.

Esikhathini esilandelayo sokufakelwa ekhaya, inhlama yodaka enesitshalo yanele ukudlulisa ebhodweni elisha ngaphandle kokuthinta uhlelo lwezimpande, bese ugcwalisa inkomishi yezimbali ngenani elilahlekile lomhlabathi omusha. Umqondo obalulekile ngukuthi lapho gerbera isitshalwa, intambo yayo yezimpande ishiywe ngo-2-3 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi, ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka nge-fungus pathologies.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Gerbera ekhaya blooms hhayi njalo ngokuzithandela. Ukuze uthole izimbali ezijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukunikeza lesi sitshalo ukuphumula ebusika. Okungukuthi, susa ama-inflorescence aqothulayo namaqabunga, ubeke endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-12 degrees, khipha igumbi futhi ulondoloze umhlabathi omanzi omanzi olinganiselayo. Eduze kwentwasahlobo, imbali ibekwe endaweni efudumele yelanga, uma kunesidingo, ungahlela ukubamba ukushisa okuncane.

Ukusakazeka kukaGerbera

Kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukuzala kabusha ngezinqubo. Kulesi sambatho, isigaxa esinamaqabunga nezimpande siyasetshenziswa, okuthi, ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa nesitshalo esikhulu, sitshalwe emhlabathini ongenantambo ngokuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi. Ukusheshisa umphumela, kunconywa ukuhlela isimo sezulu esibamba ukushisa - ukumboza ihlumela ngesikhwama nendawo endaweni efudumele nenomoya. Ngemuva kokuhluma - ungakudlulisela enhlabathini evamile.
2. Ukukhula i-gerbera kusuka imbewu. Ngokukhetha le ndlela, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi kuzofanela ulinde umphumela isikhathi eside. Izimbali zokuqala ze-gerbera enjalo zenzeka cishe unyaka. Okokuqala, imbewu yezitshalo itshalwa kumhlabathi omanzi we-peat kumakhasethi akhethekile wesithombo. Ngemuva kwalokho zifafazwa ngesihlabathi, zifafazwe bese zibekwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ngemuva kwesonto noma amabili, amahlumela okuqala kufanele aboniswe. Ngemuva kokuvela okungenani kwamaqabunga amathathu, bayacosha. Njengomthetho, imbewu kuphela evela esitolo imila kahle, ngokungafani naleyo etholwe ekhaya.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Bheka izimbangela zezifo zezitshalo ezijwayelekile:

• amabala amnyama emaqabunga Ama-gerberas akhombisa ukuvela kwesifo sokukhunta;
• amahlamvu aba nsundu ngokunqotshwa kwe-blight sekwephuzile, okwenzeka nge-substrate eminyene kakhulu, ukuthambisa okuningi;
• isikhunta esimhlophe emaqabunga - lokhu akulutho ngaphandle kwe-powdery hlobo noma i-fizariosis - ukhunta ohlukahlukene;
• isikhala samakhasi siphenduka siphuzi nge-chlorosis - i-pathology ebangelwa ukungabikho kwensimbi;
• amahlamvu aphenduka abe mnyama ama-gerberas egumbini elinomswakama ophakeme, kanye ngokunisela kanzima ngamanzi abandayo.
• imiphetho yamahlamvu imile ngomswakama onganele wembali, noma ngokweqile kwezakhi zomanyolo;
• izimpande zokubola ngenxa yokunisela kakhulu futhi okuningi.
• aluqhakaza ezimweni zokuntuleka njalo kokukhanya kwelanga, kanye nalapho kungekho sikhathi sokuphumula ngenkathi ebandayo.

Ezinye izifo ze-gerbera zingabangelwa ukuvela kwezinambuzane - izibungu ze-powdery, izimbuzane zesicabucabu noma imhlophe.

Izinhlobo ze-gerbera ezinezithombe namagama

Gerber Jameson

Iqhakaza kakhulu unyaka, ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-60. Inezimbali ezinkulu ze-chamomile futhi ishiya usayizi ongu-10-15 cm. Ngokuvamile iba mhlophe, ukhilimu, upinki, okusajingijolo, obomvu no-orange.

IGerbera Mini

Ama-gerberas anjalo asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-floristry, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuningana kwemibala yezimbali nosayizi omncane: ama-inflorescence anobubanzi obungabi ngaphezu kwama-5-7 cm, ubude besiqu kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm. Lezi zimbali zivame ukufakwa ekhaya njengezitshalo ezibunjiwe.

Izinhlobo zeGerbera

Njengamanje, zingaphezu kuka-70 izinhlobo ze-gerbera ezifuywayo, ngayinye enombala ohlukile. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Orange gerbera. Nazi izinhlobonhlobo: "u-Orangina", "uCaroline Omnandi", "Uju Olumnandi"

  "Orangina", "USomnandi uCaroline", "Umnandi Somnandi"

phakathi nendawo yemithunzi yelamula kanye namazinga ahlukahlukayo okubala kwamaphayini.

• Ama-gerberas apinki. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi: "Jasmina" onamabala amhlophe nomucu ophuzi, "uSomnandi Wokumnandi" onendawo yesawolintshi, "Pam" - umongo osansundu osungulwe yizinhlaka ezigqamile ezipinki.

  "Jasmina", "Isimanga Somnandi", "Pam"

• Ama-gerberas abomvu. Okukhumbuleka kakhulu: "I-Sweet Glow" - isitini sezitini sezimbali, "uRaheli" - amacembe abomvu ngokuhlanganiswa nendawo eluhlaza okotshani, "uSophie" - ama-inflorescence abomvu apinki anomgogodla okhanyayo.

  "Somnandi Glow", "Rachel", "Sophie"

• IGerberas emhlophe. Phakathi kwazo kudume kakhulu: "I-Valerie" - umthunzi wekhilimu one-undertones epinki, "uCatherine" - amacembe abunjwe ngenaliti nesikhungo esiphuzi, "Sylvana" - angaphandle ngokukopisha ama-chamomile inflorescences.

  "Valerie", "Catherine", "Sylvana"