Isabella kungenye yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokuqokwa, kuyinto i-canteen, okungukuthi, yendawo yonke. Kungadliwa okusha, kwenze newayini, kuphekwe izithelo ezidliwayo, ujamu, ujeli nokunye. Le nhlobonhlobo ithandwa ngabalimi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okujwayelekile, isivuno esikhulu, okuqukethwe kilojoule ephansi, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezifo eziningi zesiko.
Incazelo Yamagilebhisi we-Isabella
U-Isabella (igama elisemthethweni isabella Banska) luhlobo lwamagilebhisi oluvele lwazenzakalelayo ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwabaningi bezitshalo, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungcoliswa komvini omuhle waseYurophu i-Vitis Vinifera ne-Vitis Lambrusca yendawo. Imizamo yokutshala amagilebhisi amahle kakhulu ezwenikazi elisha yenziwa kaninginingi.
Amagilebhisi e-Isabella - enye yezinhlobo zakudala ezifanele kahle, kuze kube manje
U-Isabella ubedume kakhulu kubalimi kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Leli gilebhisi laqala ukutholwa eMelika ngumfuyi uWilliam Prince ngo-1816 kwelinye lamagadi aseNew York eLong Island. Ngale ndlela, kamuva kwaba nguyena owabulala u-Isabella Rozovaya, owaziwa kakhulu eRussia ne-CIS njengoLydia. Kuhlonishwa unkosikazi womnikazi womhlaba, uGeorge Gibbs, u-Isabella waqanjwa. Imvamisa, iSouth Carolina ibizwa ngokuthi yizwe lakubo (ngisho nendawo ethize okukhulunywa ngayo - iDorchester), kepha kunelinye iphuzu lokubukwa ngokusho ukuthi leli gilebhisi "lafika" eNew York livela eVirginia noma eDelaware.
U-Isabella weza eRussia (ngaleso sikhathi i-USSR) muva nje, kuma-50s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kepha lokhu kuhlukahluka kwaziswa ngokushesha ngabenzi bokuwina. Manje isasakazwa eGeorgia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan, Armenia nase-Ukraine. E-Russia, ingatshalwa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseningizimu, kodwa futhi esifundeni saseMoscow esifundeni saseVolga. Isimo sezulu "sendabuko" se-Isabella sinomusa, sinqenqema endaweni engezansi kwethambeka. Ngakho-ke, ibekezelela ukubanda, okuyinto elimazayo kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi.
U-Isabella ungokwesigaba sezinhlobo zomhlaba. Amagilebhisi angasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwewayini, nokudla, kanye nezinto zokwakha zazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhala ezingenziwa ekhaya. Izinhlobonhlobo sesihambile, isikhathi sokukhula siyizinyanga ezingama-5-6.
U-Isabella ungowesigaba sezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba, izikhala ezingenziwe kuzo zigcina iphunga elizalwe ngamagilebhisi amasha
Imivini emincane ye-Isabella ayifani ngesilinganiso esithile sokukhula, kepha izitshalo ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi zingangezela ukuya kuma-3.5-4 m ubude ngonyaka. UStepson wakheka okuncane. Amahlumela ezitshalo ezincane anombala oluhlaza okotshani, ophethe okusajingijolo kanye nomphetho obukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho bashintsha umbala abe-brown-grey. Amaqabunga awekho amakhulu kakhulu, ahlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu noma aphelele. Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lugcwele okuluhlaza okotshani, ngaphakathi kungombala omhlophe.
Amaqabunga ka-Isabella, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi, awahlakazeki kakhulu
Amabhulashi asayizi aphakathi, anesisindo esingaba ngu-180-250 g, awugqinsi kakhulu. Kepha isivuno siphakeme ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa amabhulashi angama-2-3 kwihlumela ngalinye lezithelo. Ngokwesimo, zifana nesilinda noma isigaxa esidilikilekile. Uma isimo sezulu siphumelele ehlobo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungakhula amabhulashi anesisindo esingu-2-2,5 kg. Ngokuvamile, amaqembu amaningi, kuncipha kobuningi bawo ngamunye. Ngokwesilinganiso, amagilebhisi angama-50-60 amagilebhisi avunwa kumvini omdala.
Amagilebhisi e-Isabella awawona maningi kakhulu, kepha ezithelweni awahlupi.
Amajikijolo acishe abe yizingqimba (1,7-2 cm ubukhulu), amnyama-mabalale aqhakaze ngombala obukhulu onsomi. Isikhumba siminyene kakhulu, siqinile. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-Isabella iyabonakala ngokuhamba kahle. Okuqukethwe ushukela ezingeni le-16%. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo angama-2,5-3 g. Inyama imnandi futhi imuncu, iluhlaza, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ngombala ophuzi ngombala, onambitheka kalula ofana nama-sitrobheli asengadini. Kunezithombo ezimbalwa amajikijolo.
Amagilebhisi we-Isabella ambozwe ngesendlalelo esiqhubekayo sombala obhulayo
Ukuvuna kuvuthwa sekwephuze kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Okthoba. Ukuqonda ukuthi amajikijolo avuthiwe kulula kakhulu ngephunga le- “natimeg” elisatshalaliswa yibo. Isithelo sokuqala singalindeleka eminyakeni emi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshalwa kwesithombo yamagilebhisi emhlabathini.
Amagilebhisi e-Isabella athokozisa umlimi ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu
Isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, i-Isabella ihlala ingenye yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi athandwa kakhulu hhayi ezweni kuphela, e-USA, kodwa naseYurophu. Ukuba nemivini embalwa ye-winemaker kwakubhekwa njengesikweletu kusiko nophawu lokunambitheka okuhle. Kodwa-ke, maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwavela ubufakazi bokuthi ngesikhathi sekufakwa izinto ezinobuthi, kufaka phakathi i-methyl alcohol (80-120 mg / l uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile kwe-30-40 mg / l), i-formic acid, i-formaldehyde. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-pectins esikhunjeni. Zingadala ingozi enkulu empilweni, kuze kufike ekukhuleni kwesibindi se-cirrhosis, i-sclerosis eminingi, izifo zezinso ezingalapheki, izinkinga nge-optic nerve. Lesi sici asisebenzi kumajusi nokunye ukuvuna kusuka kumagilebhisi amasha. Ngakho-ke, umthetho wawenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa i-Isabella ukwenza i-winemaking, okubandakanya ukuncishiswa okukhulu endaweni eyabelwe yona.
Ngisho u-Isabella oyinyumba angathola ukusetshenziswa engadini
Ngokufanele, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokulandelayo le mininingwane ayiqinisekiswanga. Kepha idumela lika-Isabella, elimenyezelwe ngokuthi "izinto ezedlule," lonakaliswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo (i-cognac, i-vodka, i-brandy, i-whisky), okuqukethwe kwe-methanol kukhulu kakhulu. Kepha akekho osachithile imithetho kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angacubungula ngokwengxenye iphuzu lokubukwa ngokusho kwayo yonke i-hype eyaphakanyiswa ngenxa yokuvikela nokungafuni ukudala umncintiswano wezithelo zaseYurophu ngendlela yemikhiqizo evela eMelika, e-Australia, ngoba izinhlobo zasendaweni zisebenza njengezinto zokupheka zayo.
Izinzuzo zezempilo zika-Isabella ziye zafakazelwa ngokwesayensi. Amajikijolo awo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, abonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-phytoncides, ngakho-ke, ujusi otholwe kuwo ukhulume ngezakhiwo ze-antibacterial. Kunama-antioxidants amaningi kuwo anciphisa inqubo yokuguga. Kodwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-acid acid, isiphuzo esingaxutshwe naluhlaza asinconywa ukuthi sisetshenziswe phambi kwezifo zipheshana lesisu. U-Isabella futhi une-potassium eningi, evimbela ukuqeda uketshezi emzimbeni. Ukuyidla akunconywa ngezinkinga zezinso nokuthambekela kwe-edema.
Isabella juice zezempilo izinzuzo ezifakazelwe ngokwesayensi
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi akwa-Isabella abukeka kanjena
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zomvini we-Isabella zifaka:
- ukuzithoba okujwayelekile. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Isabella azifakwanga kokufaka umanyolo, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, zinokungazinzi okuhle. Ngisho nomlimi we-novice uzokwazi ukubhekana nokutshalwa kwaso;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme samagilebhisi. U-Isabella ngaphandle kokulimazeka okuningi uhlupheka kubanda kuya ku-32- 32ºº lapho kukhona indawo yokukhosela. Ngaphandle kwayo - kuze kufike ku -25- 28ºº. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa amagilebhisi anjalo hhayi kuphela eMoldova, e-Ukraine, eningizimu yeRussia, kepha futhi nasezifundeni ezingalungele kangako isiko leli, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, noma kungekho nendawo yokuhlala ebusika. Uma u-Isabella ewela ngaphansi kwesithwathwa sokubuya kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela amasha endaweni yezisulu azokwakheka emavikini angama-2-3 futhi abe nesikhathi sokukhula ngokugcwele kule sizini;
- ukuba khona kokugomela ezifweni ezijwayelekile zesiko. I-Isabella ayivelakancane ihlaselwe yizifo ezifana nesikhunta, i-oidium, i-powdery hlobo, i-grey rot, cishe ayinayo i-phylloxera. Lesi sifo asidluleli emivinini yaso, noma ngabe sithinta izinhlobo ezikhulayo eziseduze;
- ukukwazi ukubekezelela ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi kahle. Izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ziba ukubola ngenxa yokunisela njalo kanye / noma ukuthambisa kanzima;
- ukukhululeka kokuzala. Ukusika kulula kakhulu ukuthatha izimpande, ukubanakekela kuncane;
- ukuhlangana kwenhloso. Ukunambitheka okungathandwa ngabenzi bokuwina base-Europe kubhekwa njengento eyamukelekayo eRussia, e-USA, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika nakwamanye amazwe. Yebo, awukwazi ukuqamba igama eliphakeme le-Isabella, kepha abantu abaningi abangaqondi ubunzima beqembu lesi siphuzo. Abantu abaningi bayayithanda. Kepha ujusi, izithelo ezidliwayo, nezinye iphunga elenziwe ekhaya elithi “natimeg” kunikeza ipiyano elula;
- okuqukethwe okukhalori okuphansi (yi-65 kcal kuphela nge-100 g). Okomvini, lokhu kungukuthi, ngokomqondo, kunamandla kakhulu. I-Isabella ingadliwa kahle ukuze kuhlukaniswe isidlo. Futhi, ngaphandle kombala ocebile wesikhumba, lokhu kuhlukahluka akuvamile kudala ukubangelwa yi-allergies;
- inani lokuhlobisa. Noma ngabe isimo sezulu singakuvumeli ukuthi uthole isivuno samagilebhisi, i-Isabella ingasetjenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesimo sendawo engadini yokubuka engadini. Ubukeka emuhle kakhulu, ethambela i-arbor, i-veranda, uthango. Ekwindla, amaqabunga athola i-hue enhle ephuzi yegolide.
I-Isabella ayinconyelwa okungenani ngokungaziphathi kwayo kanye nekhono lokuqina nokuzala ngokucebile izithelo ezimweni zezulu ezisesimweni esikahle kakhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo futhi zinokubi okuthile:
- U-Isabella uhlangabezana kabi kakhulu ngisho nesomiso esifushane. Lokhu akunamphumela omuhle ekukhiqizeni. Ngakho-ke, ukunisela amagilebhisi kudingeka kunikezwe ngokukhethekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umvini ungalahla ngokuphelele noma ushiye ngokuphelele amaqabunga namabhulashi. Lawo majikijolo avuthiwe, mancane kakhulu futhi athola i-tart aftertaste.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zizwelana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokhilimu enhlabathini. I-lime enamanzi yokuwohloka kwenhlabathi ikhungathekile. Ufulawa weDolomite, umlotha wezinkuni osikiwe, kanye namagobolondo amaqanda afohlozwe abe yimpuphu angezwe embhedeni. I-Isabella ayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidic, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ithole ibhalansi ye-acid-base kusengaphambili.
- Ukuthambekela kokulahlekelwa yi-anthracnose. Ukuvimbela kwalo kumele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
- Ukuba khona kokunambitheka okubonakalayo, abenzi bokuwina abangochwepheshe okuthiwa i-fox (foxy), abanikeza amajikijolo uwoyela obalulekile nama-acetophenone aqukethe esikhunjeni. Ifana nokude nesitrobheli segadi, kepha hhayi engokoqobo, kepha ukunambitheka okufakelwa. Okwenziwa i-winemaking, lokhu kuthathwa njengento ebucayi kakhulu (kujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zaseMelika kanye nzalo), okubangela ukuvela kwephunga elingemnandi esidlweni sewayini, elibonakalayo ngisho ukubeka abantu, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokugcina.
Ochwepheshe bakala ngewayini elivela ku-Isabella hhayi eliphakeme kakhulu, kepha abenzi abaningi bewayini base-amateur balithanda kakhulu.
Ungatshala kanjani amagilebhisi
Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ze-Isabella enhlabathini kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ezifundeni zaseningizimu ezifudumele, inqubo ivame ukuhlelwa ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noSeptemba. Kwisimo sezulu esisesifundeni sezulu, ungaqiniseka ukuthi okungenani izinyanga ezingama-2,5 zisele ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, yisithombo sizoba nesikhathi sokukhulisa endaweni entsha.
Ukufakwa emthonjeni entwasahlobo kuwukuphela kwezinketho zezifunda ezifudumele. Lapho, ubusika buvame ukuza kungazelelwe futhi hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuhambisana nekhalenda. Futhi phakathi nehlobo, amagilebhisi atshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi ayothatha izimpande futhi alulame ekucindezelweni okuhambisana nokushintsha kwezimo zokuphila.
U-Isabella akafuneki kakhulu kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi, uzivumelanisa ngempumelelo nezindawo ezinesihlabathi nobumba. Kepha inketho enhle kakhulu kuyena evundile, inhlabathi enobuthi obuncane. Lapho ukhetha indawo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umvini kufanele ungene umoya omncane (kodwa ungabi ngaphansi kokuchayeka njalo komoya oshubisa umoya obandayo). Ngakho-ke, musa ukutshala amagilebhisi eduze kodonga oluqinile, uthango. I-trellis ibekwe kahle ukuze imivini "ibheke" eningizimu noma entshonalanga. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke igquma elincanyana noma umfula omnene.
Awukwazi ukutshala i-Isabella eduze kuno-5-6 m ukusuka kunoma yiziphi izihlahla zezithelo. Umvini ungamane "ubambe" izimpande zawo, ubancishe ukudla. Kakhulu amagilebhisi ngesizathu esithile awazithandi izihlahla zeapula.
Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ye-alkaline, i-substrate enosawoti ayilungele i-Isabella. Kuphinde futhi kube nokuhlobana nokuvala (1.5 m ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi nangaphansi) kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba akhiwe. Ngesizathu esifanayo, izindawo eziphansi azilingani - isikhathi eside kuxega amanzi nomoya omanzi obandayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesithombo samagilebhisi zihlolwa ngokucophelela, zonke izingxenye ezifile nezomisiwe ziyasikwa, okuseleyo kuncishiswe ukuze zimunce amanzi nezakhi zomzimba kangcono
Izithombo zaminyaka yonke ze-Isabella zinezimpande ezinhle kakhulu. Isitshalo esifanele sinama-cm okungenani angama-20 ukuphakama nezimpande ezingama-3-4 cm ubude be-5.Igxolo lesithombo kufanele lihlanzeke futhi lifane, ngaphandle kokulimala nangamamaki, kufana nomkhondo oshiywe isikhunta nokubola. Izimpande ezingxenyeni yezithombo enempilo zimhlophe, amahlumela aluhlaza. Udinga ukuthenga izinto zokutshala enkulisa noma epulazini elizimele elithembekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akunasiqinisekiso sokuthi uzokuthenga ngqo okudingayo.
Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziyisihluthulelo sesivuno esiningi ngokuzayo
Umgodi wokufika kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele - cishe amasentimitha angama-80 ngokujula kanye nobubanzi obufanayo. Uhlelo lwezimpande zamagilebhisi lakhiwa, izimpande zingena emhlabathini ngo 4-5 m. Ihlala ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili - ekwindla, uma ukutshala kuhlelwa intwasahlobo, futhi okungenani amasonto angama-2-3, uma ekwindla. Phansi, kuyodingeka ungqimba lwamamozi olunobukhulu okungenani bama-cm angama-5 000. Kudingeka kusetshenziswe itshe elichotshoziwe, amatshe amatshe, udaka olwandisiwe, umgexo we-ceramic, nezinye izinto ezifanele. Turf evundile exutshwe ne-humus (15-20 l), umlotha wezinkuni osusiwe (2,5-3 l) uthululwa ngaphezulu. Ubukhulu balolu ungqimba bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Umanyolo wemvelo ungathathelwa indawo ne-potassium sulfate (50-70 g) ne-superphosphate elula (120-150 g). Fafaza umanyolo nomhlaba (cishe ama-5 cm), bese uphinda futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu, "iphayi" lakheka izingqimba ezinhlanu: amanzi, inhlabathi yezakhi, umhlaba ojwayelekile (owokugcina - amabili ngakunye). Iyaniselwa, ichitha amalitha amanzi angama-80-100.
Umgodi wokufika we-Isabella kufanele ube ujule, ungqimba lwamanzi luyaphoqelelwa ngezansi
Inqubo yokungena ngokwayo ibukeka kanjena:
- Ngosuku olwandulela inqubo, sika izimpande zesithombo ngo-3-5 cm bese ucwilisa emanzini okushisa kwasekamelweni. Ungangeza amakristalu e-potanganum permanganate kuyo ngombala opinki (we-disinfection) noma noma iyiphi i-biostimulant (ukwandisa ukungatheleleki). Imikhiqizo yesitolo efanelekile (i-Epin, i-Zircon, i-Heteroauxin), kanye nemvelo (ijusi le-aloe, i-presinic acid).
- Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, cwilisa izimpande kwingxube yobumba oluyimpuphu nomquba omusha wezinkomo, osikhumbuza ukhilimu omuncu oshubile ngokuvumelana. Isisindo kumele sivunyelwe ukuthi some. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora angama-2-3.
- Ukusungula isikhonkwane maphakathi nomgodi wokufika - ukusekelwa kwesithombo cishe ngo-20-25 cm ngaphezu kwesitshalo. Eduze kwaso, kwakha indunduma encane kusuka kokusele emva kokuba umgodi ugqitshwe, umhlaba. Thela kakhulu (20-25 L) bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho kuphela amanzi. Ungase futhi ugaye umgodi ucezu sepayipi elincanyana leplastiki lokuchelela, kepha i-Isabella, ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, zinganiselwa ngendlela ejwayelekile.
- Beka isithombo esinqeni, uqonde kahle izimpande. Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, uyihlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze kwakheke indawo yokuphumula engu-cm cm 5. Qikelela ukuthi ungajuli lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amahlumela. Kufanele ikhule ibe ngu-3-4 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi.Iziqeshana ezingama-25-30 cm ukuphakama zitshalwe zibheke phezulu, ezinye - ekhoneni elingaba ngu-45º.
- Nquma amahlumela akhona, uwanciphise ngo-15-20 cm (phezulu ngo-6,6 ama-buds). Lungisa isivuno ngokuphepha ngokusiqinisa.
- Futhi, uthele amagilebhisi amaningi (40-50 l).Lapho umswakama usungenwa, mulch isiyingi sesiqu nge-peat crumb, humus, utshani obusanda kusikwa.
- Mboza isithombo ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe amasonto angama-2-3. Ukuvikela elangeni eliqondile, amboze nge-canopy yanoma iyiphi impahla embozwe mhlophe.
Ukufakela i-Isabella emhlabathini kuyinqubo elula, ngisho nomlimi oqalayo uzokwazi ukubhekana nayo
Lapho utshala izithombo eziningana, kusale okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 phakathi kwazo. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingama-2,5-3 m. Lapho ukutshala kudlisiwe, imivini ingenayo indawo eyanele yokudla, isivuno sincishiswa kakhulu. Udinga futhi unikeze isikhala se-trellis. Inketho elula kakhulu yimigqa eminingana yocingo eqinile eyelulwe phakathi kwezisekeli endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-80, 120, 170 cm. Uma ngabe wonke amasimu ebekwe, ungamba umgodi oqinile esikhundleni sezimbobo ngazinye.
Uhlelo lwempande zomvini luyakhiwa, ngakho-ke isitshalo ngasinye sidinga indawo eyanele yokudla okunempilo
Ividiyo: Inqubo yokutshala amagilebhisi
Izeluleko Zokukhathalela Izitshalo
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili yamagilebhisi akwa-Isabella ukungazilandeli kwawo ngokubanzi. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthola njalo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuncane.
Ukunisela
Amagilebhisi ayisitshalo esithanda umswakama, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumivini emincane engaphansi kweminyaka emibili. Amabhishi abantu abadala adinga amanzi amancane kakhulu; Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, i-Isabella ayivelwanga manzi, kodwa ngobuningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imivini ekhula enhlabathini enesihlabathi idinga njalo, kepha ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo. Kanye ngenyanga, kungakuhle ukuthi ungene esikhundleni samanzi ajwayelekile ngokufaka umquba wenkomo omusha oxutshwe namanzi engxenyeni engu-1: 10.
Izithombo zomvini ezincane ezingenazithelo zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi
Izitshalo ezincane ziniselwa njalo ngesonto, zisebenzisa amalitha ayi-15-20 amanzi. Abantu abadala badinga isilinganiso esifanayo njalo emavikini ama-2-2,5. Nakanjani badinga ukumanzisa inhlabathi lapho amaqabunga eqabunga edumba futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Isikhathi esihle senqubo kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, lapho nje amajikijolo eqala ukuthola umdwebo obonakalayo wezinhlobonhlobo, ukuthambisa kumiswa ngokuphelele ukuze amabhulashi avuthwe ngokujwayelekile. Ekwindla, uma yomile futhi ifudumele, emavikini ambalwa emva kokuvunwa, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukunisela okunomswakama kwenziwa, kusetshenziswa amalitha angama-70-80 ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Ukunisela amagilebhisi ngokwemithetho kudinga ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kepha lapho kukhula i-Isabella, ungenza ngemifino ejwayelekile phakathi kwemigqa yokutshala
Uma unisela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amaconsi amanzi angaweli emaqabungeni. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasemvuleni, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwakha i-canopy phezu kwe-trellis. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuwunyanzisa inhlabathi ngamapayipi akhethekile noma ngenkasa yokuchelela. Uma kungekho ukutholakala kobuchwepheshe, amanzi athululelwa emiseleni eyembiwe phakathi kwemigqa yemivini noma ngemifantu ebazungezile.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi kumele ibanjiswe. I-mulch isiza ukugcina umswakama kuyo, ayikuvumeli inhlabathi ukuba isheshe ukuphuma. Ku-Isabella, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi, lolu hlobo lwamagilebhisi aluthandi isomiso. Cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kwenqubo, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpande.
Isicelo somanyolo
Amagilebhisi e-Isabella anezinto ezintathu ezanele ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3, kuya ngokuthi isivuno somhlabathi, entweni yendalo yasentwasahlobo (i-humus, umquba ojikelezayo) uyenezelwa emhlabathini ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-15- 20 ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Uhlelo lwempande olwakhiwe kahle lwamagilebhisi ludonsa izakhi zomzimba eziningi emhlabathini, ngakho-ke, ukuzala kwenhlabathi kumele kugcinwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho nje inhlabathi isincibile ngokwanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esomile. I-Isabella iniselwa ngesisombululo sanoma yimuphi umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen - urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate (1.5-2 g / l). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsuku ezingama-10-12 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kusiza ukuthi i-Isabella ithulule ukumiliselwa kokuphonsa inyoni, amaqabunga e-nettle noma i-dandelion.
I-Urea, njengamanye umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, ivuselela amagilebhisi ukwakha ngokunamandla isisindo esiluhlaza
Okwesibili kwenziwa umanyolo lapho izithelo ziboshwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus. I-superphosphate elula (35-40 g), i-potassium sulfate noma i-kalimagnesia (20-25 g) ichithwa ku-10 l wamanzi. Enye into ukufaka umlotha wokhuni (ilitha eli-3 lamalitha amanzi abilayo).
Isigqoko sokugcina esiphakeme ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamagilebhisi. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu yi-Ecoplant, iMortar, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Florovit, Master. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi.
Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi owethulwe ekwindla usiza isitshalo ukuthi silungiselele ubusika kahle
Njenganoma yiliphi igilebhisi, i-Isabella isengozini yokuntuleka kwe-magnesium. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izitshalo zifafazwa izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesizini ngesisombululo se-magnesium sulfate (20-25 g / l).
Ividiyo: amaphutha ajwayelekile womgcini wegadi owaqala ukukhula amagilebhisi
Izihlahla
Imivini amadala ka-Isabella mude kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuthathwa kwalesi sihlahla samagilebhisi kufanele. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukwenza isihlahla sikhule ngobubanzi, hhayi ukuphakama. Isihlahla esikhulu senziwa ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, umvini "olimele" kakhulu "uyakhala", ukhipha ujusi omningi ogcwalisa "amehlo". Ngenxa yalokhu, aziqhakaze futhi zingabola.
Ukuthena amagilebhisi kwenziwa kuphela ngamathuluzi abukhali futhi anhlanzekile.
Entwasahlobo, kuze kube sezingeni lokukhula, yonke iqhwa, iqhekekile, amahlumela omisiwe ayasuswa. Ekwindla, u-Isabella uthathwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Okthoba, ngemuva kokukhiqiza izithelo. Qiniseka ukuthi usika onke ama-stepons awonakele futhi abuthaka. Ukukhula kwale sizini kufinyezwa cishe yingxenye yesithathu, enezinhlaka ezigcwele - ngamasekhondi amabili. Umvini ngamunye obumba izithelo ufinyezwa ube ngu-12 wokukhula amahlumela.
Ehlobo, kususwa amaqabunga angahlelelwanga kahle aphazamisa ukuthandwa kwamagilebhisi, amahlumela akhula aze ajule esihlahleni. Izinduku ziyanwebulwa ukuze ngamunye wabo angathinti abangomakhelwane. Uma zincanyana, ezinkudlwana kuzoba ibhulashi namajikijolo kuso. Imvamisa yesitshalo esidala ayidluli ngamaqoqo angama-35.
Imivini iboshelwa ku-trellis ukuze ingalimazi izinkuni
Ukwakhiwa kwemivini kuqala ngesizini yesibili yokuba semhlabathini ovulekile. Emvinini osemncane ungashiyi amahlumela angaphezu kuka-7-8. Ziboshwe nge-trellis, ziqondisa ngokuqondile. Ukugoba kufanele kube bushelelezi ngokwanele ukuze uhlelo lokufundisa lungaholi. Lapho nje amahlumela efika kocingo olulandelayo oluvundlile, ahlala kulo. Bopha umvini ngendwangu ethambile noma umchamo ukuze ungapholi.
Kwakhiwa amagilebhisi ukuze anciphise ukukhula komvini futhi awenze ugatsha kakhulu
Ividiyo: izincomo zokuthenwa kwamagilebhisi
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ezifundeni zaseningizimu ezinesimo sezulu esingaseningizimu, i-Isabella ayidingi indawo yokuhlala, okungenakushiwo ngeRussia maphakathi. Lapho, isimo sezulu asilindelekile, ubusika bungaphenduka bube nobumnene impela futhi bungabandisi ngokwengqondo.
Ngokuyinhloko, i-Isabella ingeyezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingambozeli, kodwa enkabeni yeRussia kungcono ukuyidlala ngokuphephile nokuyivikela ekuqandeni okukhulu kakhulu kweqhwa
Ngemuva kokutshala izithelo, imivini iyasuswa ekusekelweni ibekwe phansi. Uma kungenzeka, beka imisele engashoni eduze. Ngemuva kwalokho ambozwe nge-peat, humus noma aphonswe ngamagatsha e-coniferous, amaqabunga amahlamvu. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, kudwetshwa izingqimba eziningana zanoma iyiphi into esemboza umoya. Lapho iqhwa liwa, imivini iphonswa kubo, okwenza kube nesithwathwa esineqhwa eliphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ebusika, kuzohlala kungenakuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka uphinde uyiqambe kaningi.
Imivini emisha ka-Isabella, ukuze ivikeleke emakhazeni, ingabekwa emigodini ebunjiwe emhlabathini
Entwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela ayisuswa ngaphambi kokuba umoya ufudumale kuze kufike ku-5ºС. Uma kunokusongela kwangempela kwesithwathwa sangemuva kwentwasahlobo, ungenza izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane kuzinto zokumboza kuqala. Olunye usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuphola kwemivini kungafafazwa ngesisombululo sika-Epin. Umphumela wokuzivikela uthatha izinsuku eziyishumi.
I-Epin encibilikisiwe emanzini abandayo isiza ukuvikela imivini kusuka kusiqalo senkathi yokubuya kwentwasahlobo
Izifo ezejwayelekile kanye nezinambuzane
Amagilebhisi e-Isabella ahlukaniswa ukungatheleleki okuphezulu, akuvamile ukuthi ahlupheke isikhunta se-pathogenic, akusiyo ingozi yokwejwayelekile kwezinambuzane zesiko, njenge phylloxera. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile emthethweni yi-anthracnose.
Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo sezindawo ezinemibala yezitini ezinomngcele omnyama onsundu emaqabungeni amancane (ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-25) amahlumela angenazo izithobo. Kancane kancane, bayakhula, bahlangane futhi baphenduke ama- "ulcers" acindezelwe, ukuvela kobuso babo, kuqala ukubola. Izicubu kulezi zindawo ziyafa, kuyizimbobo zezimbobo. Uma kungenziwa lutho, amaqabunga aba nsundu, omile, amahlumela abe mnyama bese eba ntekenteke, yonke ingxenye yesitshalo iyafa.
I-Anthracnose ukuphela kwesifo fungal esingathinta kakhulu amagilebhisi e-Isabella.
Ukuvimbela, amahlumela amasha amagilebhisi, afinyelela kubude obuyi-10 cm, afafazwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% seBordeaux liquid noma i-sulphate yethusi. Izindlela zokwelapha ziyaphindwaphindwa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula imvamisa yezinsuku eziyi-12-15, kusetshenziswa noma yimaphi ama-fungicides anamuhla - iTopaz, i-Abiga-Peak, iSkor, iHorus, i-Ordan, i-Previkur, i-Ridomil Gold nokunye. Kuyacebisa ukuthi ushintshe ezinye izidakamizwa ukuze umlutha ungakhuli.
I-Bordeaux liquid ingenye yama-fungicides athandwa kakhulu, kulula ukuyithenga noma ukuyenza ngokwakho
U-Isabella akuvamile ukuba ahlaselwe yizilokazane ezinkulu. Cishe wonke umuntu wethuka ngempumelelo ngamafutha abalulekile anephunga elibukhali esikhunjeni. Ukuvimbela entwasahlobo, amaqabunga aqhakaza angalashwa ngeNitrofen solution, futhi ngenkathi yezitshalo, afafazwe ngesisombululo sikasawoti nosawoti we-soda njalo emavikini ama-3-4 (5-7 g / l).
Kepha lesi sici asisona isithiyo sezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela isivuno, imivini imbozwe ngenetha elinamanzi aminyene. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela esebenza ngempumelelo. Ezinye (izihlakala, izimbotshana, izimbambo ezicwebezelayo nokugqwala, njalonjalo) ziba nomphumela ofunekayo wezinyoni isikhathi sezinsuku eziningana. Izinyoni ngokushesha ziyaqaphela ukuthi izinto ezesabekayo nezibukeka ziyingozi azilimazi ngokoqobo zazo bese ungazinaki.
I-mesh enamandla - okuwukuphela kokuvikelwa kwezinyoni okuthembekile
Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi nezincomo zezitshalo
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Isabella ukutshala unambiguingly! Akubambi iqhwa, ayiguli, ayizithobi enhlabathini, isivuno esihle njalo! Futhi i-compote iyathandeka.
Uzo_mabhebhana//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
Kuzo zonke izinzuzo zokulima okulula, okukodwa, kepha ukucubungula okunamafutha amaningi - ohlelweni lokuvundiswa kwakhiwa i-methyl yotshwala obuningi ngenxa yesiguqo se "mucous". Ukusuka kulokhu, u-Isabella nabanye abakwaLabrusca (kufaka phakathi uLydia) bavinjelwe ukusetshenziswa embonini yotshwala eYurophu naseMelika.
Wlad//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
Izinhlobo zeqembu le-Isabella azithobeki kakhulu futhi zimelana nezifo zokukhunta (isikhutha ne-oidium), kanye ne-phylloxera. Ibekezelela umswakama ophezulu, kepha hhayi ukubekezelela isomiso. Ikhula ngokukhululeka eSigodini Esimnyama Somhlaba, Esifundeni SaseMoscow kanye naseSiberia, izinhlobonhlobo ezingasibekeli. Kuleliya lizwe, uLydia no-Isabella bakhulela ezweni lami, benza iwayini, futhi kungenzeka bathambekele. Kepha amakhaya adla kubi. Ngibasusile, ngatshala okwamasiko, manje angikutholi, badla konke, futhi ngizocasha ebusika. Manje ngiqala ekuqaleni isipikili? noma ngabe kuyadingeka ukutshala okungaphezulu, kepha asikho isikhala esanele, noma ukubuyisa i-Isabella noLydia.
UZeman//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
Nginomvini we-Isabella iminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi angijabule kakhulu. Iphikisana neqhwa lifinyelela ku-35ºС ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Wakhulela embizeni yezithombo ezisikwe ngumngane, ikhula ngokuya ngendlela yodonga, noma, ngokubeka nje, wayibeka ku-arch. Ngabona isixuku sokuqala esivele ngonyaka wesine wokukhula futhi manje ngibutha kuze kufike ema-50 kg esihlahleni. Amagilebhisi amnandi kakhulu, kuyatholakala newayini elenziwe ekhaya. Kulonyaka ngizozama ukugcina amahlumela amaningi amagilebhisi kuze kufike uNyaka oMusha ngokwendlela emigqeni eluhlaza, kuze kube manje imi kahle.
UValentin Shatov//farmer35.ru/forum/thread425.html
Sekuphele iminyaka eminingana ngenza iwayini elivela kwa-Isabella. Inambitheka kakhulu, futhi i-compote nayo. Izinhlobo ze-Elite (ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane) azinandawo yokutshala, kepha unkosikazi akayaleli ukuthi ahlanze i-Isabella.
UVladimir Kuznetsov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4301
Nginezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingama-60 zamagilebhisi; i-Isabella iyintandokazi yami. Lesi isihlahla somvini esingasimbozi isembozo esikhula ngaphansi kwesisekelo segalu, hlobo luni lwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo futhi ngasikhathi sinye hhayi nje ukuhlobisa udonga, kodwa futhi sinikeze isivuno esihle? Ngenza amakhompiyutha amnandi futhi anamnandi kusuka kusixa esisodwa samagilebhisi, empeleni, lolu hlobo oluyi-Isabella. Isikhathi esithile, waqala ukwenza ama-marshmallows ngokwakhe (okusajingijolo, sitrobheli, i-currant, ubhanana, i-apula, i-cherry, amagilebhisi, ukhukhamba); ukuqagela ukuthi iyiphi esiphundu futhi esiphundu kunazo zonke, enesimbali esingenakulibaleka ne-aftertaste? amagilebhisi okugcina, kanti izinhlobonhlobo yi-Isabella. Ngalesi sizathu, umndeni wethu washiywa ngaphandle kwamagilebhisi ebusika ebusika, yonke i-Isabella iya kulungiswa kwamazambane abunjiwe ama-marshmallows. Asisebenzisi isabella okusha, ukunambitheka kwakhe kunothile kakhulu. Ngo-Okthoba sidla izinhlobo zetafula. Ngiqala ukudubula u-Isabella ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba noma ekuqaleni kukaDisemba (kuya ngesimo sezulu).
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502&page=24
Eminyakeni yama-90s yekhulu leminyaka eledlule ezincwadini zamagilebhisi engihlangane nawo ekuchazeni isabella esisodwa isici esihlukanisa izinhlobonhlobo kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi. U-Isabella ukhulisa izimpondo ezintathu, bese-ke eyangaphakathi engenalutho, bese ephinda futhi izimpondo ezintathu ne-internode, nokunye. Amanye amagilebhisi anezimpondo ezimbili, bese kuba ne-infode engenalutho. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukudida u-Isabella nezinye izinhlobo.
IVladimir 63//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502&page=25
Isabella yami yemvelo ayikaze ivuthwe - ngisho naku-2007 engashisi ngokweqile. Silungele kuphela ukuxhunyelelwa kabusha. ITaiga igcinwe kahle phezu kwayo - ukusakazwa okuhle kakhulu nemivini ngonyaka wokugoma ngaphansi kwe-4 m.
Alexander Zelenograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502
Isabella sami sesivuthiwe ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaSepthemba, imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha kungakadluli usuku lwango-Okthoba 5. Imivini ikhula ngo-8-10 m ngonyaka.Akutholakali ngokuphelele ezifweni (izicabucabu kuphela ezithanda iziqu). Noma ngabe yonke into ezungezile imhlophe nge-powdery hlobo, ayithinti nganoma iyiphi indlela. Umakhelwane uneshlahla cishe iminyaka engama-20 - izihlahla ezimbili zama-apula ezihlanganisiwe nezindonga ezimbili zendlu (akukho zithungu) - kunezithelo zomvini eziningi kakhulu kangangokuba akukho ma-apula abonakala, ngicabanga ukuthi angaphansi kwe-100 kg.
Nikolay-Moscow//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502
I-Isabella iyinhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi efanelekile engadini yama-novice. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, vele, akuthandiwe yiwo wonke umuntu, kepha isiko linezinye izinzuzo eziningi. Ukunakekela i-Isabella ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu silungile. Kepha noma ezimweni ezingenakubizwa ngokuthi zilungile, lokhu kuhlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuthela kakhulu izithelo, kumiswe ngamajikijolo awo aphezulu asezingeni eliphakeme.
