Indlela yokutshala izaqathe esifundeni sase-Ural yendabuko, ngokuqondene nanoma yikuphi ukulandelana kwesenyakatho kweRussia. Ngokugubha kwe-agrotechnics yokukhula isitshalo sesitshalo, kulula kakhulu ukuthola isivuno esihle.
Lesi sihloko sizochaza indlela yokutshala izaqathe, esinikezwe isimo sezulu esithile, cabangela itafula lemihlobo yemifino yokulima kule ndawo ngezinsuku zokutshala. Sizofunda nokuthi yiziphi umehluko ekulungiseleleni, ukutshala, ukulima imifino futhi ufunde indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nalapho zihlwanyela lezi zitshalo.
Izici zesimo sezulu esifundeni
Ukucaciswa kwemifino e-Urals kungenxa yezici zendawo. Ubude bezintaba zase-Ural bungaphezu kuka-2000 km. Isimo sezulu ezindaweni ezehlukene sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Isici sesici sendawo:
- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokuzumayo;
- amaqhwa angalindelekile;
- ukusatshalaliswa okukhukhulayo kwezulu ngesikhathi sonke sezinsuku.
Imithebula yemifino yemifino yokulima kanye nezinsuku zokutshala
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zendawo zakhula kahle ku-Urals, kodwa esifundeni saseNingizimu kubhekwa njengesihle kunazo zonke izaqathe. Kuyinto izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo ezifanelekayo Central Russia. Ngengxenye yeSeva yama-Urals, kufanelekile ukukhetha izinhlobo eziphikisana nesimo sezulu esibanda futhi esibi.
Ekuqaleni
Izinhlobo zakuqala ze-izaqathi zifanelekile kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokusha. Imiphumela emihle ibonisiwe
- Amsterdam;
- Nastena;
- Alenka;
- Dragon;
- I-Belagain White;
- I-Finhor;
- Umbala F14;
- Victoria F.
Isikhathi esivamile sokuvuna ukuvuna kokuqala sekuyizinsuku ezingu-80-90. Izithelo zinomsoco, zinesikhumba esincane. Ungabekezeli ukugcina isikhathi eside.
Ukuphumula okuphakathi
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okulindelekile sokuqothulwa kwamaqathi aphakathi kwe-Ural yizinsuku ezingu-95-115. Izithelo zifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukucubungula nokugcinwa kwesigamu sokuqala ebusika. Ukufika kufanelekile ukukhetha:
- I-Altai ifushane;
- I-Red Giant;
- Qaphela;
- Nantes 4;
- I-Vitamin 6;
- I-Callisto F1.
Ukuhamba kwesikhathi
Izinhlobo ezinezikhathi zokufika esikhathini sekwephuzile zibekezelela kahle isitoreji sasebusika., zihlukaniswa ngesikhwama esinesihlabathi esikhulu, i-pulp enamandla. Izithelo zivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu zendawo, ubude besikhathi semifino yizinsuku ezingu-120-130.
Amamaki angcono kakhulu okutshala kufanele acabange:
- Indlovukazi yasekwindla;
- Umbusi;
- I-Yellowstone;
- I-Shantane 246;
- I-Totem F1;
- I-Ting F1;
- Losinoostrovskaya 13.
Umehluko ekukhuleni
Imvula yase-Urals inkulu kakhulu, ebeka izimo ezithile zokuphuma, ukushiya nokuqoqa. Ukuthola isivuno esicebile samaqathe kufanele sicabange ezinye izici.
Ukufika
Inkomba enkulu yokuqala kokuhlwanyela izaqathe:
- ukushisa komhlaba;
- ukuqina kokukhanyisa kwendawo ekhethiwe ngesikhathi samahora.
Imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela lapho kusungulwe isikhala esinqabile seqhwa. Isikhathi esanele sokutshala izaqathe e-Urals ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungqimba lomhlaba luvuthwa kuze kube sezingeni lokushisa lika-10-12 ° С emini kanye no-5-8 ° С ebusuku.
Engxenyeni yaseningizimu yalesi sifunda, izaqathe zitshalwe kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli.Esigabeni esiphakathi kwendawo - kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Emadolobheni aseNyakatho, isikhathi sinwetshwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi; ukutshala imbewu kwifilimu kuvunyelwe.
Ukulungiselela
Umsebenzi ofanele wokuhlwanyela uzokusheshisa kakhulu ukuhluma okunobungane kwezithombo ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe zasehlobo zase-Ural. Kufanelekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukulungiselela.
Inventory
Ukutshala izaqathe kuzodinga i-hoe (hoe) ekhonjiwe kanye ne-rake nge-web width ka-30-40 cm ngamazinyo aso. Ukuhlwanyela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe ukulungisa izinto ezingelusiwe ukuze zivikele umhlabathi.
Imbewu
Kunezindlela eziningana eziqinisekisiwe zokunciphisa ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu zikanqante:
- Ukufudumala. Imbewu ibhapathizwa emanzini ashisayo (izinga lokushisa + 50 ° C) imizuzu engu-15-20 futhi idluliselwe imizuzu engu-2 emgodini ngamanzi abandayo ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Soak. Imbewu ihlungwe usuku oluyisisombululo se-sodium humate, 1 tbsp. l 1 litre lamanzi noma 1 tbsp. spoon izinkuni ash. Ukuze uthole ukukhushulwa okwengeziwe, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa u-Epin, uZircon, noMprofethi.
- Ukubhoboza. Imbewu yosuku ifakwe embizeni yamanzi afudumele kanye ne-aquarium compressor. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu iyasakaza ngomkhumbi nge-oxygen. Okulandelayo, imbewu ifakwa phakathi kwezingubo zendwangu emanzi futhi ifakwe esiqandisini eshalofini elingezansi izinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ukuze kube lula ukutshala, imbewu yomile ngosuku lokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile.
Umhlaba
Ama-sands kanye nemigodi ibhekwa njengenhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokutshala izaqathe.okuyinto kudlula umswakama kahle futhi emoyeni izimpande, ivuse ngokushesha, kulula ukucutshungulwa. Ukulungiselela okuzenzekelayo kokuqala komhlaba wokutshala izaqathe kubandakanya ukumba okungenani okungenani ama-15-20 cm nokuqoqa ama-rhizomes wekhula oluhlala njalo.
Ukukhula kwe-sideratov ekwindla kanti ukumba kwabo okulandelayo emva kwenhlabathi kuthuthukisa umhlabathi ngezakhi zemvelo. Entwasahlobo, isayithi elinjalo seliphinde likhule ukuze likhulise ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala komhlaba kunezici eziningi ezihlukile kwezinye izitshalo. Imifino ngokuyinhloko ayibekezeleli ukugqoka okuphezulu nomquba omusha. Ukuze ucebise umhlaba kungcono ukusebenzisa:
- 10 g we-urea, i-10 g ye-potassium chloride, i-30 g ye-superphosphate ngombhede we-1 wemitha yemitha yesigcawu;
- umquba ovuthiwe womhlabathi owomile nesihlabathi sobumba obunzima;
- lime ukunciphisa ama-acidity amaningi.
Ukukhetha indawo
Izandulela phambili zokutshala izaqathe ziyi:
- utamatisi;
- ukhukhamba;
- amazambane;
- iklabishi.
Akunconywa ukuhlwanyela izaqathe eduze kwesihlobo esiseduzane se-dill, izitshalo azibekezeleli indawo eseduze. Izindawo ezikhanyisiwe nezifudumele zingcono kakhulu ekutshaleni imifino yezimpande.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukujula kokuhlwanyela kuncike enhlobo yomhlabathi kusayithi. Emhlabathini owindayo, le nto ingcwatshwa yi-1-1.5 cm, ekukhanyeni - ngo-2 cm. Ibanga eliphakanyisiwe phakathi kwemigqa lingama-20 cm. Ngemva kokutshala, imbewu ihlanganiswa umhlaba futhi iphuziswa, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokuqala lokuswakama kwenhlabathi.
Ukunakekela
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma, imibhede iyanamanzi ngezikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Ngokufika kwamahlumela okuqala, ukuchelela kuncishiswe kuze kube yisikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7, kepha inani lamanzi liyanda.
Emhlabathini owomile wehlobo uyanconywa ukuba ubeke umquba emva kokunisela. Ubuningi bomhlabathi obudlulele kufanele bugweme. Inani eliningi lomswakama emhlabathini liholela ekwehleni nasekudakaleni kwezithelo.
Okuyinhloko
Ngaphezu kokulahlwa kwendabuko kokhula, isinyathelo esibalulekile ekutshaleni izaqathe kungumuncwane owenziwe njalo. Ukususwa okuyinhloko kwamahlumela abuthakathaka kwenziwa ngo-1 cm esigabeni samaqabunga amabili weqiniso.
Okulandelayo
Ukukhishwa kwamahlumela okweqile okwenziwe ngokwemigomo yesigaba. Izithelo ezinde futhi ezincane zishiya igebe phakathi kwamahlumela 3-5 cm, okwesikhashana nobanzi ububanzi buka-5-8 cm
Isikhathi sokuqala umanyolo sisetshenziswa inyanga eyodwa emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, okwesibili emva kwamasonto amathathu.
Ukuvuna
Izinhlobo eziphakathi nesikhathi sokuqala zivuna phakathi naphakathi kuka-Agasti. Izinhlobo ezindala zokugcina isitoreji zikhishwa emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kuka-September-phakathi no-Okthoba. Izithelo zitholakala esimweni esomile futhi zomile phezu kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3. Izinkathi ezithandekayo zibhekwa njengenyanga ekhulayo. Gcina ekushiseni kuka-1-3 ° C.
Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
I-carrot ihamba, i-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-wireworm ngokuvamile ihlasela izaqathe esifundeni sase-Ural. Ukunciphisa njalo, ukususwa kokhula kanye nokutshala nge anyanisi kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukubonakala kwezifo nezinambuzane ezimpandeni. Ukulwa nezinambuzane zisebenzisa izidakamizwa:
- Aklellik;
- I-Tsiper;
- I-Shar Pei;
- I-Aktara;
- Basudin.
Ezindaweni Zokuhlala, izaqathe kufanele zitshalwe ngokuhambisana nezimo zezulu zendawo yokuhlala. Esifundeni eseningizimu, nebusika elifudumele elibikezelwe, kufanelekile ukuhlola ubusika bale mbewu. Kunoma yikuphi, lesi sitshalo sizophendula ngokunakekelwa okuvamile ngezithelo ezigcwele izithelo ze-carotene nezinye izakhi.
