I-Saintpaulia - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, ukuzala kabusha, isithombe

Umndeni weGesneriaceae ubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-3200. Ummeleli wayo okhanyayo yi-Saintpaulia (I-Saintpaulia) (uzambar violet). Isiko yinto ethandwa kakhulu yindlu.

Ama-Florists ngokokuqala ngqa adonsela ukunaka kwe-senpolia yasendle ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Zalethwa eYurophu zivela eMpumalanga Afrika. Ngemuva kwalokho uchwepheshe wezitshalo waseJalimane uWenland wachaza izitshalo wazibeka kuhlobo oluhlukile. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, i-Uzambara violet yethulwa embukisweni wezimbali wamazwe omhlaba edolobheni laseBelgian iGhent. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kwaqala ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwesiko.

Bonke abamele uhlobo lwe-Saintpaulia bangama-perennials otshani. Izitshalo zikhexile futhi zihlanganisiwe: ukuphakama kwesimilo akudluli ku-20 cm, cm 35-40 cm. Izikhumba ezinamahlamvu, ziyindilinga ziyindilinga nge-villi encane. Isisekelo samapuleti simise okwenhliziyo, asymmetric. Umbala wazo ungaba yunifomu (luhlaza okotshani) noma onsundu.

ISenpolia ibonakala ngokukhula ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka engu-3-4, khona-ke izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zilahleka. Ukuqagela okunjalo kuphinde kwenziwa kabusha ngo-over-midzi. Amabhulogi Uzambara violet acishe njalo ngokuqhubekayo.

Izici eziwusizo ze-Saintpaulia

Amalungiselelo avela kwisitshalo anezelwa izimonyo: ziyakwazi ukudambisa ukucasuka, kuphulukise ukuqhekeka okuncane esikhunjeni, futhi kwandise ukuqina. Kusetshenziswa amapuleti amaqabunga ukwelapha induna. Amafutha abalulekile asetshenziswa ngabenzi bamakha ukwenza iphunga. I-decoction of violets isiza nge-bronchitis, i-tonsillitis, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.

Ukunakekelwa kweSenpolia ekhaya. Kafushane

Isiko selizisungulele njengelingazithobi. Uma unamakhono ayisisekelo, noma umlimi wokuqala nje uzokwazi ukukukhulisa. Ukuze i-senpolia ikhululeke ekhaya, kufanele kubhekwe amapharamitha amaningi.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo (memo):

Inzuzo ye-Uzambara violet ukungabi bikho kwesidingo sokuthena. Baphendukela kwinqubo uma kuvela amapulethi amaqabunga obuthakathaka kwi-senpolia, uma kulimala imishini, kanye nenjongo yokuthola izitshalo ezintsha.

Ukunakekelwa kweSenpolia ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Abalimi abaningi benza amakhophi wokuqoqa izinto abazithandayo. Izinhlobo ezintsha zesiko zethulwa cishe njalo; ezinye nzalo zize zibe nemfashini. Yini edingekayo ukuze i-senpolia yasekhaya ijabulise umnikazi ngokuqhubekayo ngokuvela kwamahlamvu amasha amangalisayo? Ake sibheke kabanzi ngezidingo zesitshalo ze-microclimate.

Izimbali zase-Saintpaulia

Ukuqina kwenqubo kulawulwa ngokushintsha izinga lokukhanya. Ngokukhanya okukhulu kwelanga, i-Uzambara violet iyakwazi ukukhiqiza njalo ukuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kugcwele ukuncipha kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhambise imbiza endaweni enomthunzi kanye ngonyaka izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iSenpolis iyaphumula.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo azivumeli incazelo engenakuphikwa yokubukeka kwesiko. Kukhona zombili nzalo enezimbali ezilula, ezinamaphilisi ayi-5, kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezinezimbali ezingama-terry. Zingaba yi-monophonic noma zihlanganise ama-shades amaningana.

Imodi yokushisa

Isimbali se-Saintpaulia ekhaya sithanda ukufudumala. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi endlini kufanele libe ngu-22-25 ˚C, ebusika - cishe ngu-19 ˚C. Isitshalo sigcina kabi ekushiseni ngokweqile: ngezikhathi ezinjalo, singavimba ukuqhakaza ngokuphelele.

Ama-warts we-Uzambar awakwazi ukuphuma nomoya ovulekile. Ngenkathi efudumele, amabhodwe avunyelwe ukudlulela ku-loggia ekhanyisiwe noma kuvulandi. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi i-senpolia ivikelekile kokungakapheli.

Ukufafaza

Isiko lithanda umoya omswakama. Kodwa-ke, amapuleti amaqabunga e-pubescent awawabekezeleli amanzi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukunisela isitshalo kusuka isibhamu sokufafaza: lokhu kuzoholela ekubolweni kwayo.

Ukuze ulondoloze ipharamitha ngezinga okungenani lama-55%, kuyadingeka ukubeka iziqukathi ezinezimbali emaphaketheni agcwaliswe nge-sphagnum emanzi noma ubumba oluncane olwandisiwe. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukususa amasoso lapho kufakwa khona amabhodwe. Ungathenga i-humidifier yezimboni bese uyikhanyisa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukukhanyisela kwe-Saintpaulia

Okwe-violets, ukubekwa kumawindi aseningizimu kuyavunyelwa. Amacwecwe eshidi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo azogobeka ngaphandle futhi ahlangane. Isitshalo sikhula kahle lapho sitholakala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga noma olusempumalanga. Isikhathi esifanele amahora angama-12.

ISenpolia iyabekezelela umthunzi, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukuqhakaza ngokuphepha ngisho kuwindi lasenyakatho. Uma ngokusungulwa okunjalo kwama-buds kuvela kancane, kufakwe omunye umthombo wokukhanya (phytolamp).

Uma unemishini efanelekile, ungakhula iSpapaulia ekhaya ngisho nasekujuleni kwefulethi.

Uma ama-petioles amaqabunga enwetshiwe, namapuleti ngokwawo ethatha isikhundla aqonde phezulu, ukuqina kokukhanya kufanele kukhuphuke.

Ukunisela

Ukuze umswakama, sebenzisa ukuthambisa, kuxazululwe ngamanzi izinsuku ezingama-3-4 endaweni yokushisa yegumbi. Abanye abatshali bakhetha ukuthambisa noma ukuhlunga. Ehlobo, inqubo yenziwa nsuku zonke, ebusika - izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto.

Isendlalelo siyaniselwa lapho ingaphezulu lomile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenzisa ikheni elincane lokunisela noma ngokubeka imbiza esitsheni samanzi imizuzu engama-20-25. Esimweni sokuqala, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi amaconsi awawa emaqabungeni. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukuqina komswakama esitsheni sezimbali.

Umhlabathi weSantapaulia

Ukulungisa inhlabathi, udinga ukuxuba:

• 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi esimahara;
• Izingxenye ezi-Peat;
• Izingxenye ezi-5 zeqabunga le-humus.

Ungathenga i-substrate eqediwe esitolo.

Izingqinamba ze-Universal zokulinywa kwe-senpolia ngeke zisebenze. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-primers akhethekile ama-violets.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Emvelweni wemvelo, lesi sitshalo siphila ezinhlabathini ezinciphile, eziqukethe izakhi zomzimba ezimbalwa nokulandela umkhondo. Ngakho-ke, awunakuthathwa ukondla. Ebusika, izinqubo zimiswa, ziqale kabusha ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ama-fertilizer violets anezingxube eziphezulu ze-nitrogen kufanele agwenywe.

Kwama-senpolii izindlela ezifanele "Kemira-Lux." Lapho kuhliswa umuthi, kufakwa uketshezi oluphindwe kabili uma kufunwa imiyalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ayi-2-2,5. Umanyolo we-organic ofana namanzi "inyama", ukwenziwa kwetiye ngeke kusetshenziswe: lokhu kunomthelela ekubonakala komiyane wamaqabunga (ama-sciarides) emgodini ongaphansi.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Saintpaulia

Kwisitshalo esincane, isitsha esinobubanzi obungu-6-7 cm kufanelekile kumuntu omdala - cishe 12 cm. Uma usebenzisa izitsha ezinkulu kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kohlelo lwezimpande kuzoqala, okuzothinta kabi ukuqhakaza. Inqubo yenziwa kanye ngonyaka, ukuvuselela ngokuphelele i-substrate. Ungqimba lobumba oluphakathi nobubanzi lubekwa ezansi kwembiza.

Inhlama yenhlabathi ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ezindongeni zethangi, khona-ke isitshalo siyasuswa. Izimpande zikhululwa ezinsaleleni zomhlaba, susa izingcezwana ezibolile. Uma isibonakaliso sikhombisa izimpawu zalesi sifo, ungagxilisa izimpande imizuzu engu-5-7 kusisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.

Izihlahla

Ukunakekela i-senpolia ekhaya kufaka phakathi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuvikela izingxenye zezindiza. Amaqabunga omile noma alimala ngomshini anqunywa ngokushesha ngethuluzi elibukhali le-disinfied.

Abanye abalimi basusa amapuleti "angeziwe" ukwenza isitshalo sibukeke silingana. Kwezinye izimo, i-senpolia ayidingi ukuncishiswa.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

I-Uzambara violet yinto ehlala ihlala njalo. Akalokothi alahle amaqabunga, ngakho-ke akanaso isikhathi sokuphumula. I-senpolia inemakhefu amafushane kuphela phakathi kwezigaba zezimbali. Ngalezo zikhathi, kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngemifino kwisilimo bese kunciphisa kancane ukuthambisa: ngenxa yalokhu, ama-buds amaningi azokwakhiwa kamuva.

Ukuzalela kwe-Saintpaulia

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola izimo ezintsha.

Ukusakazeka kwe-Saintpaulia ngokusika kwamaqabunga

Ngosizo lwamaqabunga asikiwe. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ipuleti lisikwa ngommese oyinyumba kanye ne-petiole, lishiya ubude obuyi-4-5 cm. Isilonda sifafazwa nge-carbon ecijekile eyenziwe yasebenza. I-powder nayo ifakwa emanzini, lapho kubekwa khona izingcezwana zesitshalo (1 ithebhulethi engilazini eyodwa yoketshezi). Izimpande zokuqala zizovela emavikini angama-2,5 kuya kwayi-22. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukusikwa okutshalwe emabhodweni amancane futhi kumbozwe nge-polyethylene emavikini ayi-1-2.

Ukukhula i-Saintpaulia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Imbewu. Izitshalo zokuqala ezingenazimpawu zezifo zikhethiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho ibhulashi elithambile liqhuba impova yokufakelwa. Kulokhu, impova evela kwesinye isibonakaliso idluliselwa kumaphampu komunye. Amabhodi avuthwe ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezi-4. Ukutshala imbewu ekhishwe, inhlabathi engaphezulu iyanyiswa. Indaba ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi futhi isatshalaliswa enhlabathini ngaphandle kokufafaza ngayo. Izitsha zimbozwe ngengilazi futhi zibekwe endaweni efudumele. Ukuthathwa kwenziwa lapho izisekelo zithuthukiswe ngokwanele.

Ukusakazeka kwesinyathelo

Izinyathelo. Ukuze zivele, iphuzu lokukhula liyasuswa esitshalweni. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ihlumela lendodakazi liyakhula. Lapho zifinyelela kububanzi obungu-4-5 cm, zihlukaniswa futhi zifakwe ezitsheni ngazinye.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

AmaSenpolias awamelana kakhulu nokugula. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvimbela okufanele, bangasindiswa kahle ebubini.

Izinambuzane kanye nama-arachnids

Uhlobo lwenkathazo lunqunywa izimpawu zomlingiswa (izimpawu).

Okuvame kakhulu:

• iplagi emhlophe okotoni-onjengokusikiwe i-senpolia ivela lapho ihlulwa yi-mealybugs;
• izimbali ezomisa ngokushesha kanye nempova ephuzi emaqabunga owaziwa ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa abaseCalifornia beqhuma;
• amaqabunga aphezulu e-senpolia akhuphuke kanye ne-villi emapuletini andisiwe, uma izibungu ze-cyclamen sezizinze esitshalweni.

Ama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukuqeda ama-parasites. Endabeni yokugcina, izidakamizwa ze-biaricidal noma zamakhemikhali zingasiza.

Izifo

Isizathu salezi zimo imvamisa kungenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Imvamisa, abatshali bezimbali babukela kuma-violets:

• I-Saintpaulia ayiqhakaza - ngenxa ye-nitrogen eyeqile emhlabathini noma ukuntuleka kokukhanya;
• amabala kumaqabunga e-saintpaulia - ngenxa yokunisela ngamanzi abandayo, ukuvezwa kokusalungiswa, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile;
• ukuncishiswa kweqabunga le-turgor -ngokugcwala amanzi noma ukomiswa kwengxenye engezansi;
• i-buds engaphendukanga - ngenxa yomswakama ophansi womoya;
• ukusika amaqabunga amaphakathi okuphuma kuwo - nomoya omile noma ukukhanya ngokweqile;
• emaphethelweni amaqabunga e-saintpaulia eyomile- ngenxa yokugqoka okungaphezulu okuphezulu;
• i-plaque emhlophe ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni I-Saintpaulia - enegciwane lokukhunta ("i-powdery isikhutha");
• kuphuzi noma kubomvu kwamaqabunga - ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba;
• ukubola kweqabunga - ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwamagciwane okulimaza sekwephuzile noma ukubola okungwevu.

Izikhungo kufanele zihlolwe nsuku zonke ukuthola izimpawu zokugula. Lapho lokhu kukhonjwa, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha ukugwema ukufa kwesitshalo.

Uma udinga ukuya eholidini

Izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, ukushiya i-senpolia akunconywa. Ngokucabanga ukungabikho isikhathi eside, udinga ukucela umuntu ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile anisele i-substrate futhi alawule izinga lomswakama egumbini. Ukunakekelwa kufanele futhi kufake isicelo somanyolo esifike ngesikhathi.

Uma kungekho msizi, futhi ukuhamba akungenakugwemeka, ungahlomisa amabhodwe ngohlelo lokunisela ngo-wick.

Izinhlobo zezwe

Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ukukhethwa kwama-violets ezitolo zezimbali kubanzi kakhulu. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezidumile namuhla.

I-Blue Dragon

I-hybrid inesitolo esikhulu esinamandla. Amacembe aqinile, aluhlaza ocebile. Imiphetho yamapuleti yenziwe serated, ongaphansi kwayo ubomvu. Izimbali zingamapheya ansundu aphindaphindwe kathathu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinemiphetho ekhubazekile.

Midnight Frolik (Mid Mid Fun)

Izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene: amapuleti aluhlaza enamabala amhlophe emaphethelweni. I-rosette evulekile ifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-40. I-Petioles yamaqabunga yinde. Ama-hybrid blooms kuphela eminyakeni engu-2-3 yokuphila. Izinhlwayi zingumbala onsomi.

Maphakathi nobusuku Twist

UViolet onezimbali ezinohafu eziphindwe kabili ezinomngcele onsomi. Amahlamvu asobala, aluhlaza. Indawo okukhishwa kuyo icocekile futhi iqinile. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqabile kakhulu futhi zinezimbali ezinde.

Ukuqabula Bandit

Izimbali ze-hybrid zi-terry noma i-semi-double, lilac-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlamvu avulekile afinyelela ububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-6. Amahlamvu acwebezelwe, aluhlaza okotshani. Ukuphuma kukhulu, kuyasakazeka.

UHarry Potter

Amahlamvu aluhlaza, ahlanganisiwe, indlela okuphuma ngayo icocekile futhi icacile. Amacembe we-Purple ahlelwe ngomngcele omhlophe. Isikhathi sokuphila sembali ngayinye singaba izinyanga ezimbili.

I-Cupidon (Cupid)

Izimbali ze-Terry hybrid, amacembe amhlophe noma apinki, emaphethelweni awo aluhlaza okotshani. Amapuleti amathafa acacile anemiphetho ye-wavy encane. Ukukhishwa kukhulu, kucocekile. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ekuqaleni kwezimbali.

Ukuphefumula kwezulu lokuduma kwezulu

Ama-buds we-hybrid makhulu kakhulu, ama-petals asondelene nomongo yi-burgundy, eceleni komphetho onsomi, i-terry fringing imhlophe. Ukuqhakaza izimbali akukuningi, kepha yinde. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, kancane wavy.

Ngemuva kokuhlola izidingo zokunakekelwa kwama-violets, kulula ukugwema amaphutha ajwayelekile. Lapho wenza i-microclimate efanelekile futhi ivikeleke ngesikhathi izifo, lesi sitshalo sizokujabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle cishe unyaka wonke.