Ingadi ehlelwe kahle indawo enhle yokuphumula, futhi izihlahlana ezitshaliwe nezihlahla zezithelo zingumthombo wamavithamini wemvelo wezempilo yomndeni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokusuka ngendlela ehlelekile kwesitshalo, awukwazi ukulinda. Ukwenziwa kwama-perennials kungenye yemisebenzi esemqoka yomlimi onokwethenjelwa. Ama-currants awekho umehluko, ngakho-ke, ukuze wandise impilo yesihlahla, udinga ukwazi imithetho yokukhula nezithelo futhi uyicabangele lapho izihlahla.
Ngabe ngidinga ukunquma ama-currants entwasahlobo
Njenganoma yisiphi isihlahla noma isihlahlana, ama-currant anezikhathi eziningana zokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokunjalo, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi zikhulise ukukhula, izithelo futhi zinciphise nengozi yezifo zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo zokuthena okwenzeka ngesizini:
- intwasahlobo - sanitary, formative,
- ihlobo - ngokulinganisa ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela nezithelo,
- ekwindla - okwakhayo, okwakha kabusha,
- ubusika benziwa ekuqhubekeni ekwindla, futhi kuphela ngokuncipha kwezihlahla ezigqinsiwe kakhulu.
Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo, kanye nokuthena ikwindla, kuyindlela eyinhloko yokunakekela ukwakha isihlahla nokwelula impilo yayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlanzwa kwendle kokutshala okudala kuyenziwa: eqandisiwe, omisiwe namagatsha alimele ebusika ayasuswa. Entwasahlobo, kwakhiwa izihlahla ezincane ezitshalwe ngonyaka odlule.
Akufanelekile ukuhlela kwentwasahlobo ukwakha izihlahla zamabichi amadala. Ngemuva kokusika amagatsha amakhulu, amanxeba amakhulu asala, futhi ngawo lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa ngamajusi, ukunyakaza kwawo kuba namandla ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuvuka.
Uma wenza ukuvuselelwa kwe-currant ekwindla, futhi sanitize entwasahlobo, lapho-ke ungakwelula impilo yehlathi iminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu.
Izinsuku Zokunciphisa Intwasahlobo
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokuvuswa kwezitshalo kanye nokuhamba okusebenzayo kwamajusi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqeda wonke umsebenzi ohlobene nokwephulwa kokwethembeka kwesihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala kwalesi sikhathi. Isibonakaliso sokuqala kokukhula sivuvukala sezinso. Kusukela ama-currants eqala le nqubo kusenesikhathi, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi, noma ngabe iqhwa lingakancibiliki. Uma kufanele ukwenze lokhu emuva kwesikhathi, khona-ke izigaba, ububanzi bazo ezingaphezulu kuka-2 cm, kufanele zimbozwe ngesikhulumeli sobumba noma i-var var yengadi.
Izihlahla kufanele ziqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Udosi wamadongwe ulungiswa kusuka kumanyolo wobumba nowenkomo: uwaxubanise ngendlela engqubuzanayo bese ukha amanzi ngamanzi ukuze kungaguquguquki ulwelwesi. Ungacwebezela ngale ndlela yokwakheka noma yimuphi umonakalo kumagxolo, ukusikeka ngisho nokwaphulwa kwamagatsha, okuthe lapho-ke kulimele ngokuqinile ngendwangu.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngaphambi kokusebenza nesihlahla
Entwasahlobo, njengomthetho, ukuhlanza ngokuhlanzekileyo kwezihlahla ze-currant kwenziwa. Ukuthena okwenziwe ngendlela efanelekile kwenzeka ekwindla, noma kunjalo, phakathi nalesi sikhathi akwenzeki ukusula wonke amagatsha, ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi abasasele bazosinda yini ebusika. Entwasahlobo, bahlola isihlahla, bakhombe amahlumela abonakele. Amagatsha omile ebusika, anezinhlayiya zeqhwa, ephukile, angaphansi kokususwa. Ngemuva kwalokho amagatsha asele asele nezingxenye zamahlumela ziyasuswa. Ekuthuthukisweni okuvamile kwesihlahla, iqoqo lamagatsha weminyaka ehlukene kuyadingeka, ngakho-ke, amahlumela wokukhula kweminyaka ehlukene kufanele ahlukaniswe. Ubudala nesimo segatsha singanqunywa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- unyaka - okukhanyayo, okuthe xaxa, okungakhuli,
- kuma-biennials, amagxolo athola itshe elinsundu,
- eneminyaka emithathu nangaphezulu, i-cortex iba mnyama nokukhula okuvela kamuva
- amagatsha aneminyaka engaphezulu kwewu-5 ahlukaniswa ubukhona bezingxenye eziqhekekile zegxolo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukuthintwa yi-lichen.
Lezi zibonakaliso zizosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi amahlumela ancishiswe futhi asuswe entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga nama-inflorescence engakaveli.
Kubalulekile! Isitshalo esikhulu sakhiwa emahlumela amasha amagatsha aneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Badinga ukusindiswa ngaphezu kwabadala. Futhi futhi udinga ukushiya inani elanele lamagatsha ukuze ungene esikhundleni sawo.
Kubomvu noma kumnyama?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-currants: amnyama, abomvu namhlophe. Ziyahluka hhayi ngombala nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuphela, kodwa futhi nakumgomo wokubunjelwa kwamagatsha esihlahleni, ngendlela yokubeka izihlahla zezithelo bese, ngokwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthena.
Umgomo wokubumba ama-currant bush kuncike kwindlela yokukhula kwamagatsha yokukhula
Isihlahla samagatsha ama-blackcurrant ngokuphelele, futhi amahlumela wezimpande avela kaningi kunokubomvu nokumhlophe. Izokwakhiwa ngokuphelele eminyakeni emine kuphela, kanti nezihloko kufanele zifinyezwe minyaka yonke - ngakho-ke kuzokwakhiwa amahlumela ezithelo amaningi futhi isivuno sizophakama.
Ama-currants abomvu namhlophe axosha amagatsha asemathangeni ngqo kusuka empandeni, ngakho-ke ukusika amagatsha amadala kuzovula maphakathi nesihlahla elangeni kuvikele nokuqina kwawo. Kodwa-ke, izihloko zalezihlahla azikwazi ukufinyezwa - ifomu lamaqanda esithelo phezu kwazo.
Amagatsha aneminyaka emihlanu kufanele asuswe ukuze abe ne-blackcurrant, futhi aneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala abomvu. Kumuntu omdala, isihlahla esinamandla, kuyatuseka ukushiya izithelo ezi-5-7 namagatsha amaningi asempandeni owodwa. Ngokubheka amahlumela wonyaka wamanje, inani eliphelele lamagatsha akufanele lidlule amashumi amabili.
Umgomo wokwakha isihlahla: egatsheni ngalinye elidala, kufanele kunikezwe ihlumela lokufaka esikhundleni salokho. Lapho-ke ukuvuna kuzokwanela, futhi ngeke kube khona ukugcwala ngokweqile kwesitshalo.
Umgomo ojwayelekile wokuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-currants amnyama nabomvu uhlala usuvuselela kabusha nokuhlanza izindlu zangasese.
Ezinye izimiso ezimbili ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezihlahla ezi-currant:
- Ukusika ngaphansi kwezimpande zezithombo ezibuthakathaka ezingakhuli zibe ligatsha eligcwele, kepha uthathe amandla empandeni.
- Ukususwa "kweziqongqangi" ezinamandla, ezihamba ngokukhula ukukhula, kepha unganikeli amaqanda ezithelo.
Igalari yezithombe: izibonelo zokwakhiwa kwezihlahla zama-currants abomvu namnyama
- Ukuthenwa kwe-Blackcurrant kwenziwa kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwesihlahla
- Izihlahla ezibomvu ze-currant zenziwa kabusha isihlahla nokukhulisa isivuno
- Lapho wenza isihlahla se-currant, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iminyaka yamagatsha awo
Ukuchelela izithombo ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo
Noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lwe-currant onquma ukulitshala, kumele lusikwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isithombo sitshale izimpande ngokushesha enhlabathini futhi sakhe uhlelo lwezimpande. Ezimpandeni ezinempilo, ngaphambi kokutshala, akufanele kube amahlumela angaphezu kwamabili, okuzothi ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala kufushaniswe kube ngamahlumela amabili noma amathathu. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo osempandeni omncane ngeke wedlule amahlumela ayisithupha. Lo mthetho usebenza kuma-currants amnyama, abomvu namhlophe.
Amasu okulungisa afanele
Ukwakheka kuyinqubo edingekayo, kepha ukususwa kwamagatsha aphilayo kufaka izilonda esihlahleni, okuyisango lezifo nezinambuzane. Isitshalo sisodwa siyakwazi ukuqinisa ukusikwa, kepha kuphela uma senziwa kahle. Izilonda ezisikiwe ziphola ngokushesha, futhi ama-lacerations angadala ukufa kwegatsha.
Umthetho wokuqala weGadier: sebenza ngethuluzi elibukhali. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izithungu ezibukhali zokuthena izihlahla ziyokwenza ukusikwa futhi kungafiki i-cambium - amaseli akha isikhafu ngaphezulu kokusikwa, aqinise inxeba.
Umthetho wesibili wensimu: sika amagatsha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwemvelo kwamajusi.
Kunezindlela ezine zokuthena kwentwasahlobo:
- ukususwa kwegatsha kuya ezingeni lomhlabathi,
- kunciphisa izinso ezibalekile
- Sika igatsha "kwindandatho",
- ukuncipha kwamfoloko egatsheni eliseceleni.
Ukususa amagatsha afike enhlabathini yenhlabathi
Isetshenziselwa ukususa ngokuphelele igatsha elidala, elisikwe ukuze kungabikho siqu ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba ingxenye esele efile izoqala ukubola, noma ibe indawo elula yezinambuzane. Ukwenza ukusikwa okuyikho, umhlaba uguquka kancane bese igatsha lisuswa ngesihlahla.
Ukufinyeza ihlumela "ezinso"
Indlela esemqoka yokufinyeza amahlumela, evumela ukuthi kunciphise ihlathi. Zonke izijusi ezihamba negatsha ziyoqondiswa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezimbili noma ezintathu futhi ukukhula kwazo kuzokhula. Ngakho-ke, ungagawula igatsha lifinyelela ezingeni lanoma iyiphi izinso, kodwa into esemqoka ukuthi iqondiswa kusuka esihlahleni. Amahlumela aqondiswe ngaphakathi ayovele aqhakaze isihlahla. Kepha kubalulekile futhi lapho usika ukungashiyi isiqu, kepha ungasondeli ezinganeni zesokunxele. Ibanga elikhulu licishe libe ngu-5 mm.
Ukusikwa kwezinso kusetshenziselwa ukufushanisa amagatsha
Sika igatsha "kwindandatho"
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwama-currants amnyama. Kulolu hlobo lokuthena izihlahla, amahlumela aseceleni anqunywa ngokuphelele, avuselela amagatsha lwamathambo. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lokuncipha lusetshenziswa ekwindla, kepha entwasahlobo nalo lungenziwa. Ukusikwa kufanele kube okuqondile nokwenziwa njalo egatsheni elisusiwe, ukuze indawo yesilonda ibe yincane kunazo zonke. Ukushiya i-hemp akuvunyelwe, kepha futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthwebula ingxenye ye-cambium yegatsha eliyinhloko, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwayo.
Ukusikwa “kwendandatho” akumele kulimaze igatsha lesihlahla esikhulu (somathambo)
Imfoloko ebunjiwe egatsheni eliseceleni
Kwi-currant, njengakwezinye izihlahla nezihlahla, kwakhiwa imfoloko eziningi. Zenza lukhule umqhele, zivimbela ukukhanya ukungena. Ukuncipha kwamagatsha kuyayixazulula le nkinga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izihlahla ziyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi elinye lamagatsha amabili selisele, elizothatha amasizi ngokwalo, ngaleyo ndlela likhulisa amathuba okuba nezithelo. Umthetho oyinhloko wokukhetha igatsha elizosuswa wukuqondisa ukukhula: uma ihlumela likhula liye phezulu kuya phezulu, awukwazi ukulishiya.
Ukuncipha okungalungile "ngokuhumusha" kuzoholela ekufeni kwegatsha elisele
Okokuqala: inketho yokwenza ama-currants "ngaphandle kokuhlupheka"
Abalimi abaqala, okuyiwo ukuhlakanipha kokukhula kwegatsha nemithetho yokuhambisa amajusi ngokuvamile kubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele bananzelele amaqhinga alula. Azidingi ulwazi olujulile, kepha zinikeza imiphumela emihle ngomzamo omncane.
- Onke amagatsha asefinyelele kubudala obukhulu kufanele ancitshwe. Ungabona lokhu ngobubanzi: amagatsha angaphezulu kwesentimitha eyodwa kufanele asuswe.
- Sika wonke amahlumela aqondiswe ngaphakathi kwesihlahla, aqonde futhi abuthaka.
- Khipha amagatsha asele, uphazamisa ukungena kokukhanya esihlahleni. Futhi usike zonke iziqongo "ungene kwindandatho" - amahlumela aqinile aqondiswe ngqo phezulu.
Ividiyo: izihlahla zokuthena izihlahla ukuvuselela isihlahla
Ama-currants, njengazo ezinye izihlahlana, adinga ukunakekelwa, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhombisa ukunaka okuncane nokunakekelwa, futhi isitshalo sizophendula ngesivuno esihle samajikijolo anempilo.
