Ama-Strawberry kusuka ku-A kuye ku-Z: izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe lethu

Namuhla, kuzo zonke izigaba kufakwa ujusi, omnandi, onephunga elimnandi. Okukhulu nokuncane - kuhle konke kusha futhi kungamakhambi. Ubunzima bokukhulisa isiko laphakade kubalimi kuyaqabukela. Uma ungavilaphanga kakhulu, ungathola isivuno esihle kakhulu samajikijolo amnandi, amnandi, ayozithokozela izingane nabantu abadala.

Umlando weStrawberry

Isiko lama berry eliyigugu lavela okokuqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 eYurophu, lapho isikhulu uFrezier sililetha sisuka kulolo hambo olude. Kwakuyi-sitrobheli sasendle saseChile - ibhulashi elinezithelo ezincane, elalingakhiqizi izilimo eziningi. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-200 kuphela, lapho isiko leli lihlathululwa nama-sitrobheli we-Virgo kusukela ekuqoqweni kwegadli eludumile u-Antoine Duchenne, lenza isigaxa “solo” engadini esasijwayele ukuvela. Kamuva, lo sitrobheli wasendulo wawelwa nge-natimeg nehlathi.

Isitshalo sithuthukile, amajikijolo aba ngobukhulu futhi amnandi kunabo bonke, futhi enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ezitshalwe abalimi abangamaNgisi - uVictoria, yatholakala. Le berry kwakuyi-sitrobheli yasendle yokuqala ehlukahlukene, eyalethwa eRussia ngaphansi kukaTsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Izinhlobo zeStrawberry

I-Strawberry (nayo iyinsimu ye-sitrobheli) - isitshalo esinotshani esine-stem efushane, ene-apical bud, iyisibonelo sokuhlanganiswa okuxubile kathathu. Ama-berry engadi yendabuko ahlanganisa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokukhiqiza ama-sitrobheli asendle, ama-sitrobheli asehlathini kanye nesitrobheli. Kodwa-ke, lezi zitshalo zinokuhlukahluka ngokubukeka nokunambitheka okuthile.

Ama-sitrobheli asendle anamajikijolo amancane (isisindo asidluli i-5-8 g), amnandi futhi amuncu, kepha ngephunga elimnandi, akhula esiqwini esiqondile esinama-2-3 amaqanda. Ikhula ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Njengamanje, abafuyi bezitshalo bakhiqize ama-sitrobheli asendle ahlukahlukene, atshalwe ezinhlelweni zasengadini:

• i-oval berry enambithekile ethile nephunga;
• kukhona izithelo ezibomvu nezinamhlophe;
• izinhlaka zokubandayo.

Ama-sitrobheli wasendle amancane ahlala atholakala kuma-glade asehlathini.

I-sitrobheli engadini (i-nutmeg sitrobheli) - isitshalo esijwayelekile esinama-peduncle aphezulu kanye nesihlahla esinamandla, hhayi amajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu (kuze kufinyelele ku-15 g), nephunga le-nutmeg. Isici se-botanical salokhu okuhlukahlukene kwama-sitrobheli ukuthi ama-peduncle angamaduna awatheli izithelo, ngakho-ke isivuno sawo sinqabile.

Ama-Strawberry - uhlobo lwe-muscat sitrobheli enephunga elithile

IZemklunika iyi-hybrid yokuzenzela eyakhiwe isitshalo sebhadi kanye ne-nutmeg sitrobheli, esasungulwa ngonyaka we-1970s. Emigqeni eqondile yezimbali, amajikijolo angaphezu kwama-20 akhula ngesihlakala esimpunga noshaka obukhulu, anesisindo esingama-g 12. Izithelo zemifantu zigcotshwe kancane emaphethelweni, futhi ukunambitheka nephunga akulona eliphansi kunotshani. Lesi sitshalo simelana nezifo eziningi ezithinta izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-sitrobheli. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiminyene, amajikijolo ahlukaniswa ngekhwalithi enhle yokugcina nokuhanjiswa.

I-hybrid yanamuhla - i-dredger - ilungele ukubanda futhi ayibilisi ujamu

Abalimi banamuhla kudala bakhula ingadi ye-sitrobheli (enkulu-izithelo) - isitshalo se-herbaceous sangemuva somndeni weRosaceae Fragaria. Lesi sitshalo sicishe sathathelwa indawo ngokuphelele sitrobheli. Ngaphandle komkhuba, amajikijolo abizwa ngokuthi ama-sitrobheli, yize lokhu kungathinti nganoma iyiphi indlela ukunambitheka kwawo nephunga lawo.

Isiko lokuzenzelwa impova lelezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, linezici zalo zokwenziwa kwe-agrotechnical. Ikhula ezihlahleni ezivulekile, lapho kukhona khona amahlumela aqondile futhi ezinwabuzelayo, aminyene ngezithelo. Isisindo samajikijolo singasuka ku-10 siye ku-100 g Izithelo ngo-June-Julayi, izinhlobo zokulungisa ziyavela futhi ngo-Agasti.

Ukukhula Ngesihlahla Strawberry

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kudingeka ujwayele ezinye zezinkimbinkimbi zama-sitrobheli ezikhulayo, ezihlobene nokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokufaka umanyolo. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-berry ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala. Lapho ukhetha okuhlukahlukene, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ama-sitrobheli ayisitshalo se-thermophilic futhi awathandi okubhalwe phansi nokugaywa, adinga ukunisela njalo nokugqoka okuphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izithelo zithinteka futhi:

• indawo yesimo sezulu;
• izici zesayithi;
• ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-strawberry engadini

Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinezikhathi ezihlukile zokuzala ukuze kuthokozelwe amajikijolo ehlobo lonke. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile esingangenyanga eyi-1. Kwenzeka ekuseni, maphakathi nesizini futhi sekwephuze kakhulu. Izithelo eziqhubeka njalo futhi ezinikeza isivuno ekugcineni kwehlobo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-remontant. Zifuna kakhulu ekugqokeni okuphezulu futhi azibekezeleli ukushisa. Lawa abamele ama-sitrobheli azodinga ukufakelwa okusha ngonyaka we-2-3 ukuze isivuno sezilimo singehli.

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo kukhona amajikijolo ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nosayizi, izithelo eziphuzi kanye nomhlophe-ezinezihlahla ezinamaphayiphu namanothi we-nati.

Ngaphezu kwamafomu ama-classic bush, ama-ampelous athole ukuthandwa. Abafuyi besimanje banezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa eziklanyelwe ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali, imingcele, izimbali zezimbali, ukubeka izingadi mpo - izithelo zazo zincanyana futhi azinakho ukunambitheka okukhethekile (Pink Panda Rosaceae, Baron Solemacher).

Ithebula: Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-sitrobheni wasengadini enkulu enezithelo

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengezendawo yonke, zilungele indawo ephakathi nezifunda zaseningizimu.

Izinhlobo zokuqala zoju, iSonata zibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezingamahora amafushane. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zegadi le-sitrobheli zezimbali nezithelo ezinezikhathi ezimfishane zokukhanya kwelanga - kufinyelela emahoreni ayi-12. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo kukhona zendabuko kanye ne-remontannye.

Izinhlobo zasemuva zibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo zasemini ezinde, ezikwazi ukuthela izithelo kuphela ngoJuni-Julayi (Symphony, Red Gontlet). Izilimo ezinjengama-berry ezinjalo zivelisa isivuno esiningi kakhulu, esifanelekile ukucutshungulwa kanye nokubanda, kepha singatheli izithelo futhi.

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala:

• IViola (inyama enambitheka kamnandi futhi omuncu, ama-spruce bush, angakulungele ukuthuthwa);
• I-Alba (izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela e-Italy, ithela izithelo kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili nesigamu, ithintwa yi-powdery hlobo);
• Okumangazayo (Izinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia, ama-bord e-oblong enambitheka nge-sitrobheli);
• I-Marshmallow (Ukukhetha isiDanishi, amajikijolo amnandi futhi amnandi, isitshalo esilwa nesithwathwa, isithunzi esivumayo);
• I-Lambada (i-ultra-zakuqala, izithelo ezinesigaxa, kwesinye isikhathi ezithinteka ngokubola okungwevu).

Igalari yezithombe: Izinhlobo zokuqala ze-Strawberry

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa okuphakathi:

• I-Elsanta (isihlahla esivulekile, i-berry ifunelwa ukuthambisa, yakha amadevu amaningi);
• I-Marmalade (izithelo zokukhethwa e-Italy, ekhonjwe ekugcineni, uvuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaJuni);
• Indlovukazi (i-sitrobheli iphunga elimnandi futhi elikhulu kakhulu, izinhlobonhlobo zokulwa nesomiso);
• Umkhosi (izithelo eziphakathi nendawo, umkhiqizo - kuze kufike ku-1 kg kusuka ehlathini, ebusika-hardy);
• U-Alice (wamabhasi uvukile, izinhlobonhlobo ziyadingeka ekunisele nasekupangeni ilanga).

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-sitrobheli esezingeni elifanele

Izinhlobo zesitrobheli ezifika emuva kwesikhathi:

• IGigantella (amajikijolo makhulu, uginindela umuncane, ukhiqiza izithelo ngokulinganayo, awubekezeleli isithwathwa);
• USophie (ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwesiNtaliyane, okunobuthakathaka obumnandi, obunamakha, obunoshukela);
• IMalvina (izinhlobo sekwephuze kakhulu, ibekezelela isithwathwa, ukumanzana kahle);
• I-Borovitskaya (ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, amajikijolo amajamo ajwayelekile, oyisiphukuphuku).

Igalari Yezithombe: Izinhlobo Zokuqothuka Kokubomvu Kwe-Strawberry

Uju lukhula esizeni sethu isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 futhi luvuthwe ngaphambi kwanoma ngubani omunye umuntu. Izinhlobonhlobo zokulungisa ziqhakaza kakhulu, kepha zithela izithelo ngamagagasi. Amaviki amabili okuqala - amajikijolo makhulu, akhethiwe, alengiswa ngamaqoqo. Amaviki amathathu alandelayo - isivuno sincane; Ekupheleni kukaJuni, amahlumela amaphakathi avuthiwe, omncane kunawo, ama-berry kuwo mancane kodwa amnandi.

Amahlathi ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ayamangaza kakhulu, adinga ukutshala umugqa owodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqina nokubola kwamajikijolo okuqala phansi kwesihlahla akunakugwenywa. Lezi zithelo zinesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi zivuthwa ngokuthula egatsheni elilodwa.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-sitrobheli zinikeza isivuno esiningi kakhulu, kepha ngeke ulinde amadevu kusuka kuso. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokusiphula nokulandela umkhondo ukuze kuthathwe amahlumela amancane (akufani ngaphezu kuka-3). Njengomthetho, ngokuzalanisa ngikhetha amadevu woku-oda wokuqala, oseduze kwesihlahla se-uterine. Zonke lezi amahlumela ezilandelayo zibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi azinampande kahle.

Izinhlobo zokuqala zikaHonei sitrobheli zivuthwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi zinambitheka okwehlukile

Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli

Endaweni eyodwa, ama-sitrobheli akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-3-4, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukubuyekeza imibhede ye-sitrobheli.

Izinsuku zokufika ezifanele:

• enkabeni yeRussia - ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti;
• ezifundeni eziseningizimu - ukuqala kukaSepthemba.

Ama-Strawberry nawo aqala kahle uma atshalwe esifundeni esiphakathi sezwe lethu entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli), e-Urals naseSiberia ngoMeyi. Izinhlobo eziningi ezilungisa ngalokhu kulinyelwa ziyakwazi ukunika isivuno esihle.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Isitshalo siyothela:

• kunhlabathi enesihlabathi esincanyana kanye nemikhonto, okuvulekile, okunomswakama ophakathi;
• endaweni eyisicaba, eboniswe kahle, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa;
• lapho utshala ngemuva kwezaqathi, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi noma u-siderates.
  

  I-Strawberry ikhula kahle ngemuva kwe-siderata

Strawberry ayibekezeleli:

• izindawo zobumba nezimbobo;
• utamatisi noma amazambane njengabanduleli.

Ekwindla, umanyolo wamaminerali - izithasiselo ze-superphosphate ne-ammonia - wethulwa esizeni sokutshala ngokuzala kwama-sitrobheli. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela sitjalo se-sitrobheli, imibhede iyakhiwa, kufakwa emhlabatsini lomnyama kanye naku-humus enhlabathini, tinkhukhu zenkukhu, umquba ngebhakede linye nge 1 m². Lapho-ke le ndawo iyahlanzwa ukhula idambiswe.

Izikimu nokulandelana kokufika

Kunconywa ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ngesimo sezulu esinamafu noma kusihlwa.

Ama-strawberry engadi atshalwe ngendlela yomugqa owodwa noma emigqeni emi-2, lokhu kuzodinga ukumaka indawo. Indlela yokutshala kanye nebanga phakathi kwezihlahla kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo (ukugcinwa, ukuqagelwa ukuqina) nenhloso yokutshala: ukuthola izithombo noma ukuthola izithelo.

• uma izihlahla zihlelwe emgqeni owodwa, khona-ke ibanga phakathi kwesitshalo ngasinye lishiya cishe i-20 cm, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - 50-70 cm;
• lapho utshala ngemigqa emi-2, izihlahla zihlukane ngo-15- 20 cm, zishiya umugqa ziqonde ku-40 cm, bese ziphakathi kuka-70-80 cm ububanzi Ngale ndlela, kulula ukumpande amadevu ama-sitrobheli ukuze kusatshalaliswe;
• izitshalo zingatshalwa ngokhaphethi oqhubekayo noma kumakhophi owodwa (ngokwesibonelo, embuthanweni wesiqu sesihlahla zezihlahla zezithelo).

Kwesinye isikhathi endaweni yamahhala batshala ugarlic noma ama-marigolds axosha izinambuzane, kanye no dill noma radish.

Inqubo yokutshala sitrobheli imi kanje:

1. Imigwaqo ilungiselelwe nge-cm engu-30 cm, ukujula okungadluli ku-15-20 cm, ngoba akunconywa ukujula izithombo ze-sitrobheli.
   

   Bumba izimbobo zama-sitrobheli, uqaphela ukujula kokutshala

2. Amahlumela ahlukaniswe esihlahleni se-uterine ngesixha somhlaba omanzi.
   

   Ihora ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zama-sitrobheli ziniselwa ukuze izitshalo ezincane zihlukaniswe kalula emhlabathini, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande aluthinteki

3. Uma izitshalo ezingadalulwanga nezimpande ezivulekile isikhathi esithile zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala, kunconywa ukuzithambisa amahora angama-6 ngaphambi kokutshala kusixazululo se-heteroauxin (ithebhulethi engu-0,1 nge-2,5 yamanzi). Lokhu kuzonyusa izinga lokusinda kwama-sitrobheli futhi kuqinise uhlelo lwezimpande.
   

   I-Heteroauxin yokukhuthaza ukukhula isetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemiyalo

4. IHumus (1 inkomishi) exutshwe nomlotha (50 g ngehlathi elilodwa) yengezwa emgodini wokutshala. Imibhede iniselwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokutshala.
5. Isitshalo esinempilo esinezimbali ezimaphakathi esakhiwe kahle siyakhethwa bese izimpande zibekwa ku-cm cm, zifakwe emgodini wokutshala, sizisakaze phansi, bese zifafazwa ngobumnene nomhlaba, ngokuqikelela ukuthi zingalimazi ihlumela le-apical.
   

   I-sitrobheli esencane elungele ukutshala

6. Inhlabathi inyathelwa kancane. Lapho-ke izitshalo ziyafakwa emasimini (ngotshani noma ngotshani) bese ziniselwa - amalitha ama-2-3 amanzi ngesihlahla ngasinye.

   

   Ngemuva kokutshala ama-sitrobheli, inhlabathi inyinyekile

Ukwenza isitshalo sithathwe kahle, sinunyiswa zonke ezinye izinsuku isonto. Imibhede ye-Berry kufanele isuswe ukhula kube kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi bese isusa wonke ukhula. Ama-Strawberry azothokozela ngesivuno esicebile uma izihlahla zithukululwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zivundiswa.

Ukugqoka okungu-Strawberry

Ama-strawberry engadi ngeke athele isivuno esihle, futhi amajikijolo ngeke abe makhulu futhi amnandi ngaphandle kokuthi kumanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali kufakwa njalo. Ngaphandle kokuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala, umanyolo we-organic ne-superphosphate kwabekwa, ukugqokwa okuphezulu konyaka ngonyaka ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza (okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3) kuyadingeka. Kuzodingeka ukwethula imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ngendlela yokugqoka ephezulu yefoliar, umanyolo we-potash kanye nezithasiselo eziyinkimbinkimbi - ngaphansi kwempande.

Umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziselwa ukugqoka kwezimpande nokufolishi, kusetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo

Kunezinketho eziningi zomanyolo we-sitrobheli:

• nitroammophosk (potassium + phosphorus + nitrogen), urea;
• izinto ezi-organic ngesimo sezinkukhu ezisele (isixazululo 1: 20), umquba wezinkomo (isixazululo 1: 10) + umlotha wezinkuni;
• iodine, i-boric acid kanye ne-manganese;
• imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo;
• Ukuzpheka okuphezulu kokupheka (ukumfaka amakhambi, imvubelo yombhaki).
  

  I-Urea ingeniswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla sotshani ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhula.

NgoMashi, ngesimo sezulu esifudumele esifudumele, ama-sitrobheli aphathwa nge-urea (Umanyolo we-nitrogen) ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo. I-Urea ifakwe emanzini engxenyeni ye-10 g ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi futhi iphathwe ngezihlahla.

Ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwenziwa, ngoba lokhu, ama-sitrobheli athelwa ngamanzi ukumiliselwa amakhambi:

1. Amaqabunga neziqu ze-nettle, i-dandelion kanye nomhlonyane kukalwa ngebhakede, kugcwele amanzi.
2. Vumela ukuvutshelwa izinsuku ezingama-7.
3. Isixazululo esicebile ngama-phytoncides nama-microelements sifakwa ku-0.5 l ngaphansi kwesihlahla kwifomu le-dilute - ilitha eli-1 ngebhakede lamanzi, engeza iodine - amaconsi ayi-10 ngebhakede lamanzi (i-antiseptic).

Ama-Aisles aniselwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (1 g ngama-5 amalitha amanzi) - lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulwe nokubola nesikhunta.

Ukuze "kuvuthwe" okusheshayo kokufakwa kwamakhambi, utshani bungumhlabathi futhi buthelwa ngamanzi afudumele

Imvubelo kaBaker's (okungukuthi, ama-amino acid aqukethe kuwo, amavithamini B, i-folic acid nezinye) equkethe emgqonyeni wotshani ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa kunikeza umphumela omuhle.Iphakethe lemvubelo ebukhoma enesisindo esingu-1 kg noma i-50 g yemvubelo eyomile ixutshwa ku-5 l wamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasendlini. Lesi sixazululo sengezwe ku-herbal mass futhi sivunyelwe ukubila. Ehlobo, ukugqoka imvubelo kusetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-2:

• kanye ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kungenzeka ukumiliselwa amakhambi oxutshiwe;
• okwesibili - ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo (i-Radiance-1, -2, -3) isetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo futhi isetshenziswe izikhathi ezi-3:

• inyanga ngaphambi kokuqhakaza,
• Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwamahlamvu,
• ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
  

  Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji iRadiance isetshenziselwa ukunisela izimpande nokunikeza ukudla okwenziwe ngama-sitrobheli nezinye izitshalo

Amaminerali wokufaka umanyolo ngokunye nomanyolo we-organic. Isibonelo, umlotha wezinkuni uyingxenye yezimbiwa zemvelo ezithinta kahle ukukhula kwezitshalo zasengadini, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe i-acidity yenhlabathi. Ukwenza amajikijolo abe amnandi futhi abe namanzi, lungiselela ikhambi elilandelayo:

1. Ingilazi engu-1 yomlotha, u-3 g we-boric acid (ku-powder) kanye namaconsi angama-30 e-iodine axutshwe namalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
2. Ebhakethini ngesixazululo esikhona faka umjikelezo wehhashi noma umquba we-liquid (1 kg nge-10 l yesisombululo).
   

   I-Ash inciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi

Umanyolo onjalo we-organomineral njengendlela yokugqoka yezimpande ephezulu uyindlela eshibhile futhi engokoqobo yokuvuselela ukuqhakaza okuqhakaza izimbali nokunwebeka isikhathi eside (kusetshenziswe ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kwamajikijolo).

Lapho ufaka umanyolo wamaminerali noma we-organic, imiyalo nemithamo ekhonjisiwe yezithako zezindawo kumele ilandelwe, ngaphandle kokungayinaki imithetho yokusetshenziswa ngokuphepha kwamakhemikhali. Umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe ngesikhathi futhi sihambisane nokunisela okuningi.

Isihlahla se-Strawberry

Inqubo yenziwa:

• ukuvuselelwa kwezihlahla - susa amahlumela amasha - amadevu (izihlahla zasehlobo). Uma lokhu kungenziwa, izihlahla zizokhula futhi ukutshala kuzokhula;
• ukuthuthwa kwendle kwamahlahla - kususwa amaqabunga omile futhi alimala, lapho amabala nokubola kwamagciwane (ukuthena kwentwasahlobo). Ukuthena okunenhlanzeko kugwema ukusakazeka kwezifo kanye nokutheleleka ngefungus, ukuhanjiswa kwezibungu zezinambuzane kusuka ezinambekelweni ezinezifo kuya kwabanempilo;
• Ukulungiswa kwama-sitrobheli ebusika - sinqume amaqabunga amaningi ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo ukuze ama-sitrobheli angasebenzisi amandla eziminyini kuze kube ngonyaka olandelayo (izihlahla zasekwindla).

Ukuthena i-Autumn kukuvumela ukuthi uchithe amaqabunga amadala, afile futhi wandise ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitshalo. Kepha abanye abalimi babheka le nqubo njengento engenamsebenzi, ngoba inqubo ye-photosynthesis incishisiwe, ukutheleleka kwezitshalo kungenzeka, futhi inqubo yokusika amahlumela ayiphephile kuhlumela lwe-apical.

Ukuthena ihlobo kwenziwa ngokwemithetho ethile:

• inqubo yenziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile nesomile;
• ubude bokudubula abukho ngaphansi kuka-5 cm;
• amadevu awakhiphi futhi angahlukani.

Ukuthena i-sitrobheli ehlobo ukususa amadevu

Amahlumela amasha - amadevu asusa isondlo namandla esitshalweni sikamama, asuswa ngesikhathi sithelo esisebenzayo ngoJuni:

1. Amadevu asungulwe nge-secateurs, ashiye abokuqala kuphela ngokulandelana, eduze nesihlahla. Lawa ma-rosette amancane e-sitrobheli azoba yinto enhle yokutshala izibuyekezo.
2. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-rosette amadevu asikiwe, asikwa ngokucophelela ngesikere seengadi noma ngama-secateurs - manje lezi yizitshalo ezizimele.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokulungisa izinhlobo zama-sitrobheli ezineziqu eziqondile namahlamvu aminyene ziyahlungwa ngesikhathi sokwenza izithelo ukuze amajikijolo angaboli, ngokunquma anqume amahlumela angenalutho kanye namaqabunga athile.

Ukusakazeka kwama sitrobheli engadini

Noma yimuphi umlimi we-novice angathola impahla entsha yokwandisa amasimu we-sitrobheli, ngoba kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokusakaza ama-sitrobheli. Konke kuya ngamakhono nezifiso zomnikazi wesakhiwo se-sitrobheli.

Amajikijolo angatshalwa:

• kusuka ezinhlwini ezithengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezilungiselelwe ngokuzimela;
• ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla sikamama;
• kusuka amadevu.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu

Ngokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ama-sitrobheli atshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi:

1. Izinto zokutshala zisakazeka phezu kwenhlabathi futhi zimbozwe ngefilimu, zakha i-mini-greenhouse.
   

   Endlini eluhlaza okotshani, imbewu eshisiwe ye-sitrobheli ngokushesha

2. I-greenhouse ifafazwa njengoba inhlabathi yomile futhi iveze (amahora okukhanya kosuku kufanele abe amahora ayi-12-14).
   

   Izithombo ezingama Strawberry ziyafafazwa njengoba umhlabathi womile
3. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, imbewu iyaqhuma, kufanele iphathwe ngeHumate ukuze isebenze ukukhula.
   

   Amahlumela wokuqala ama-sitrobheli avela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili

4. Esigabeni samaqabunga ama-3-4, kuzalwe izithombo.
   

   Ukuthathwa kwezithombo zesithombo se-sitrobheli kwenzeka esigabeni samaqabunga ama-3-4

5. NgoJuni, izithombo ze-sitrobheli zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
   

   Amabhishi ama-sitrobheli amancane adluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngoJuni

Izithombo zezitshalo ze-sitrobheli zikhululwa embozweni wefilimu kancane kancane, zinikeze ithuba lokuqina. Amacembe abuthakathaka neziqu zezitshalo ezincane, lapho zifakwa amanzi, zibola ngokushesha, zinomoya owomile egumbini, ziyoma bese ziwa. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokukhula amajikijolo kusuka ezinhlotsheni iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ukunakwa kakhulu nokuqapha.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush

Lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-3-4, siphindwa kabusha ngokuhlukanisa:

1. Kusetshenziswa ifosholo, isitshalo sihlukaniswe ngobuningi sibe ngama-2-3 amasentimitha (uphondo) nohlelo lwezimpande olunempilo kanye ne-rosette yamahlamvu eyenziwe kahle.
2. Ukwehlukaniswa kudluliselwa endaweni entsha.
3. Ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla ziniselwa kakhulu.

Le ndlela yokusabalalisa ilungele izinhlobo zokulungisa, ezingakaze zibe namabhele.

Ividiyo: Ukusakazwa kwe-sitrobheli ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla

Ukukhiqizwa Amadevu

Kulula ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ngamahlumela amadevu, ngoba lokhu kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi yokukhula:

• intwasahlobo edlule, izisekelo zamadodakazi asezingeni elifanele zidluliselwe entwasahlobo;
• ehlobo, amadevu amancane atshalwa ngohlelo oluhle lwezimpande kusuka kulezo zinhlobo ezinikeze isivuno esihle ngesizini edlule, futhi ngokuzayo umgcini wensimu uhlela ukuzisabalalisa;
• Ekwindla, kukhethwa izithombo ezinempilo, ezinempilo futhi zihlukaniswe ngamabhishi kamama, zibuyisela amadevu akhulile esizeni esingapheli kuze kube uSepthemba 10-15.

Ukusakazeka amadevu kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Izinyawo zendodakazi zisikwa ngama-secateurs avela kwisitshalo se-uterine, amaqabunga ngokweqile ayanqunywa.
2. Yehlisa amadevu nezimpande kumakhasethi ngenhlabathi egcwele futhi enamanzi.
3. Inhlabathi ezungeze amadevu otshaliwe ichotshozwa izandla.
4. Kukhanya ekuseni nakusihlwa isigamu kuya emasontweni amabili.
5. Izithombo ezitshaliwe zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.

Ividiyo: indlela esheshayo yokuzalanisa amadevu sitrobheli

Ukunisela sitrobheli

I-strawberry engadini kufanele iniselwe ngokulinganayo, izama ukungakhathazeki kakhulu enhlabathini, kepha futhi ukuvikele ukomiswa kokutshalwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-15-20 ° C, kuyalulekwa ukuthambisa isigaba se-sitrobheli ngamanzi axazululiwe noma emvula. Kodwa-ke, ukunisela kwemibhede yama berry enamanzi kungadla isikhathi esiningi, futhi ungakwazi ukukhipha imisele kuphela, ngoba amanzi akhiqizwa yisiteshi sokumpompela abanda kakhulu ngalesi sitshalo.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokunisela ama-sitrobheli:

• ukufafaza - endaweni eyomile neyomile;
• ukuchelela ngenkasa ngaphansi impande - ngesikhathi izimbali obuningi nezithelo.

Imibhede ejwayelekileko iyaphuziswa kusihlwa (ngamahora angama-18-20) noma ekuseni kakhulu, kuyilapho isitshalo esisodwa sidinga amalitha ama-3-5 amanzi, namalitha angama-20-25 kumitha eyodwa nesikwere. Ngokugcotshwa kwamanzi, umoba wezimbali wama-sitrobheli ungawa, bese amajikijolo aqala ukucula.

Udinga ukunisela sitrobheli ingadi:

• ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali - ngokulinganisa, ukugwema ukufaka amanzi, ungasebenzisa ukunisela ngokudonsa;
• ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwamajikijolo - ngezikhathi ezithile ngokufafaza, kaningi - ngaphansi kwempande;
• emva kokuvuna ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Abalimi banamuhla bavame ukusebenzisa ukunisela okudlayo.

Ividiyo: ukuchelela ngokuchelela kwama-sitrobheli

I-Strawberry Mulching

Ngakho-ke, lapho umswakama ungena emhlabathini, ukhula lungakhuli ngokuqinile emasimini e-sitrobheli, kuyasetshenziswa imbobo yokufuba - ukumboza indawo eseduze nezimpande nokufakwa umugqa kusetshenziswa izinto zokwenziwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Le nqubo ivumela hhayi kuphela ukunciphisa ukunisela ngenxa yokulondolozwa komswakama, kodwa futhi nokuqeda ukhula okuvamisile, ukuze kulondolozwe amajikijolo kusuka ekungcoleni nasekuqandeni.

Ama-Strawberry afakiwe

• utshani kanye sawdust;
• i-ruberoid nekhadibhodi;
• amagatsha amancane, amahlamvu;
• izinto zokumboza ezithengiwe.

Igalari yezithombe: izinketho zemibhede yesitrimu se-mulching

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha zibeka abalimi ngaphambi kokukhetha: izinto zemvelo nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe noma indawo yokuhlala ethengiwe. I-Mulch kusuka otshanini, sawdust izobola ngokushesha bese iwohloka kusuka kwezulu, kumele ivuselelwe njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe (i-lutrasil, spanbond) zihlala isikhathi eside kepha zibiza kakhulu.

Khula sitrobheli endaweni eluhlaza okotshani

Ungahle uphule imibhede ye-sitrobheli kwisiza sakho hhayi endaweni evulekile kuphela, kodwa futhi usebenzisa izithombo zefilimu nezama-polycarbonate noma izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezonakalisayo. Ikakhulu le ndlela iyasebenziseka kwizimo sezulu ezibandayo.

Izitshalo zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, zisebenzisa:

• ukwakheka okuhle
• kokwehla okumi mpo
• imiklamo ekhethekile (amapayipi, izikhwama, amanetha).

Inhlabathi isetshenziswa engadini ejwayelekile ngokuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-humus.

Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula balondoloza izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-18-20 ° C, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo - 20-25 ° C. Amazinga okushisa ebusuku ancishiswa ngu-3-5 ° C, ophansi uzothinta kabi ama-ovaries nesitshalo. Umswakama ugcinwa ebangeni lama-70-80%.

Ama-Strawberry atshalwa ngesilinganiso sezimboni ikakhulu emhlabathini ovikelekile.

Njengomthetho, ama-sitrobheli atshalwa emisebeni engathathi hlangothi, edinga okungenani amahora ayi-12 wokukhanyisa okukhulu, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo, ayikhulise ibe ngamahora ayi-16 ngokugqamisa.

Ama-Strawberry endaweni yokukhosela adinga i-hydration ejwayelekile, imvamisa kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo athontshelwa ngokunisela okudlayo. Eminye imisebenzi kulinywa okuluhlaza okotshani wesitrobheli:

• ukususwa kwamaqabunga owomile;
• ukwelashwa kwezilokazane nezifo;
• ukukhulula ukhula;
• ukususwa amadevu.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesiko lama-berry, ifilimu nezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe zisuswa ngokwengxenye, zinikeza ukufinyelela kwezilokazane ezihlasela impova. Uma isimo sezulu singakuvumeli lokhu, kufanele ubeke isigaxa sezinyosi ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse noma wenze impova yokufakelwa.

Izici zokukhulisa ama-sitrobheli ezifundeni

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zesimo sezulu salesi sifunda, kukhethwa izinhlobo zezikhathi ezinde zemini ende noma ezifushane, izinhlobo zokuqala kwangaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha. Isimo sezulu sizophinde sincike esikhathini sokutshala, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokukhosela kanye ne-mulch.

ECrimea

Kusukela ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, amadevu amancane eCrimea aqala ukuthunyelwa endaweni ehlala njalo, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, ama-sitrobheli asatshalaliswa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Isikhathi sokunisela siqala maphakathi no-Mashi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Basebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahora amade futhi angathathi hlangothi, edume kakhulu futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu - iRedgolt neKrymchanka, iPegasus, neChelsea. Izimo zesimo sezulu zivumela ukunwetshwa kwezithelo kube yilezo eziqandayo impela.

ECrimea, amajikijolo aqhakaza futhi athela izithelo kuze kube yiqhwa, kepha ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi awanaso sonke isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele.

Inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye nomthamo kudinga ukukhululwa kanye nokhula njalo. Ukuthola isivuno esiningi, kufakwa umanyolo (umquba, ukumfakwa kwamakhambi) kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa. Amajikijolo aniselwa ngokufafaza kanye nokudonsa.

Isimo sezulu esinomswakama nokungena kwesimo sezulu ebusika kuthinta ukukhetha kwabalimi - abaningi basebenzisa indawo yokuhlala engenasici eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sasebusika semibhede e-sitrobheli.

Esifundeni saseLeningrad

Izikhathi zasehlobo ezingashisi, ubusika obandayo nobunomswakama obuphakeme yizimpawu zesimo sezulu seLeningrad Region. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezifanele ze-sitrobheli zisezingeni eliphakathi ekuqaleni, eziqinile zebusika, zinesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa (iVityaz, i-Ostara, iVima Zanta). Zithambekele ebuthakathaka ekubunjweni grey futhi zikubekezelele kahle ukugcotshwa kwamanzi.

Ama-Strawberry adinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokutshalwa, kanye nokwelashwa kwezihlahla eziqhamuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo. Kugcotshwa kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe avela emgqonyeni.

Njengoba ingadi ye-sitrobheli ithanda ukushisa futhi ayikubekezeleli umswakama okweqile, abalimi beLeningrad bazilolongela "imibhede efudumele" ephezulu enesisekelo sokhuni. Ukuze ugweme iqhwa amaqanda okuqala, faka izinto zokumboza noma ukhule amajikijolo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.

Ividiyo: Ama-sitrobheli akhula esifundeni saseLeningrad

E-Krasnodar Territory

Isimo sezulu seKrasnodar Territory sibonakala ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo nobusika. Ama-strawberry akulesi sifunda akhula ekuseni kakhulu futhi sekwephuzile, lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zemini ende nengathathi hlangothi: I-Elsanta, Zenga Zengana, Festivalnaya, Kuban ekuqaleni, i-Albion - ibekezelelwe kahle ngokuhamba, imelana nezilokazane futhi ibekezelela isimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinhlobo ezikhulayo zinikeza izitshalo eziningi futhi zithela izithelo kabili ngesizini.

Izinhlobo zeStrawberry ezingamelana nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo eKitasnodar Territory zinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu

Izinketho zokunisela ziyafafaza futhi zidonsa, ukondla njalo, ukutshala nokusetshenziswa kwe-mulch kubalulekile. Isimo sezulu esikahle sikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwama-sitrobheli hhayi kuphela ngabalimi be-amateur, kodwa futhi nangamapulazi amakhulu amasiko - endaweni evulekile namahholo okugcina izithombo.

ESiberia

Izinhlobo ezifanele zokukhula eSiberia zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokuqala futhi azithambekele ekuqineni. Njengomthetho, lezi zilungisa izinhlobo ezitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo, kodwa futhi ama-sitrobheli wemini engathathi hlangothi, ebusika-Hardy nokukhula kokuqala (Sakhalin, Uju, Elizabeth 2). KwaseSiberia, izinhlobo zakuqala ezikhuthaza ukubanda kwamafrimu, iSudarushka, iVima Zanta, nazo zafuywa. Zikhule ku greenhouse naphansi evulekile, inqobo nje uma ukutshala ubusika kuzofakwa ndawonye ngezinto zokumboza.

Isimo sezulu esinokhahlo sibonisa ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, lokhu kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sikhule futhi sikhule. Indawo yakhethwa yilanga, imibhede yenziwa ephezulu ngokohlelo lwe-classical.

Ukuphumelela ekukhuleni ama-sitrobheli kungumphumela wokuchelela ofanele kanye nokufaka umanyolo. I-mulching ivame ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi uma ama-sitrobheli ekhula emhlabathini ovulekile. Ebusika, imibhede e-sitrobheli nayo ifakwa ngamagatsha e-lutrasil kanye ne-spruce.

Ividiyo: ama-sitrobheli akhula eSiberia

Kukhula sitrobheli eBelarus

Izinhlobo zeZoned zitshalwa eBelarus, phakathi kwazo kukhona amahora angama-remontant, amafushane futhi angathathi hlangothi (Charlotte, Alba, Clery).

Isilimo esizinzileyo sizotholwa ngokufaka umanyolo ovamile, i-mullein, amaconsi enkukhu. Benza ukutshala kwentwasahlobo nokwindla, okusabalalisa ama-sitrobheli amahlahla amadevu futhi ahlukanise isitshalo sesibeletho. Imvamisa amajikijolo atshalwa kumakholoni (ezimbizeni zezimbali, ezitsheni), enza imibhede emi mpo.

Izingotshana zegadi zitshalwa ngendlela yendabuko emhlabathini ovulekile nangendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana. Isimo sezulu sikuvumela ukuba ujabulele amajikijolo kuze kube yiqhwa.

Ukubuyekezwa

Iphayinaphu liphila ngegama laso, inokunambitheka okungeyona i-sitrobheli, uphayinaphu omnandi onamapayipi amaningi, wokuvuthwa okuphakathi. Amajikijolo akhe makhulu, acwebile, amnandi, anomunyu, amnyama futhi amnandi kakhulu, inyama imhlophe futhi ipinki. Amabhasi amade, athela izithelo futhi ane-baleen kakhulu. Ulwandle lwamadevu. Kepha ngawo wonke ama-pluses, ine-drawback enkulu kakhulu - ibhula ngokufaka amanzi kancane. Futhi, amasele nama-slugs ayakuthanda ukunambitheka kwakhe (ngicabanga ukuthi kunjalo), amajikijolo amane aqunyiwe, ngokuya ngomgomo: uma ngingadli, ngizokuluma. Ngigcina izihlahla eziyi-10 zangempela zokudla, kepha kulo nyaka izidalwa ezinwabuzelayo zisenokuningi kokudliwayo. Ekufuneni incazelo yegama, angitholanga lutho olufanele, ngokusobala, izinhlobo zezinto ezifanayo zimbalwa noma azijwayelekile. Kepha lokhu kuhluka okudala, akukusha.

ILadoga

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Sinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-sitrobheli ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, futhi ezincane ezinezithelo nazo zakhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Kukhona ukulungisa.Kepha kwathi lapho ngibonga, bangilethela izinto zokutshala izithole. Ngimthandile impela kanye nohlobo lwamabhushi, nokunambitha, nephunga, futhi ngaba yintandokazi yami. Inambitha njengama-sitrobheli we-mehendi, kuphela kuphela futhi kukhulu amahlandla ama-2. Amajikijolo angamasentimitha angama-3-4. Izitshalo azihlushwa ukubola okungwevu, ngoba ama-peduncle mude futhi akhiwe ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. I-fruiting yinde (kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5), futhi amajikijolo ahlala ehlanzekile, awadingi ukugezwa.

Lisenok

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Strawberry ehlukahlukene FLORENCE - sitrobheli sekwephuzile. Izitshalo zinkulu, amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, amadevu aminyene, aqhwa kakhulu ebusika, noma kunalokho, "ayina", ngoba isigaxa sakwamanye amazwe sesaba umswakama owandayo ovela eqhweni lethu elikhulu, ungatshalwa ngokutshala amadevu minyaka yonke. Isilimo esijwayelekile, amajikijolo aminyene, owokuqala awukhiqizi. Ukunambitheka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezikhethekile kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Angihlatshwanga umxhwele ngale nhlobonhlobo.

Ledi irin

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Ama-berry ayintandokazi ehlobo akuyona nje isitolo samavithamini nedessert emangalisayo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyisici sokuhlobisa ingadi. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kukhule futhi kuthele izithelo kakhulu uma kungekho umswakama owanele, ukushisa nokulandela umkhondo ngezinto zokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukuze ujabulele ukunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo ehlobo lonke, udinga ukwenza umzamo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqonda izici zokutshala isitshalo esihle segadi.