I-dermatitis engavamile yinye yezifo zesikhumba ezinzima kakhulu ezitholakala ezinkomeni. Kuze kube yamuva, lesi sifo sabhekwa njengendawo, esitholakala kuleli zwekazi lase-Afrika nasezindaweni eziseduze, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukutheleleka kuye kwakwazi ukusabalala kakhulu ekujuleni kwe-Eurasia. Njengamanje, lesi sifo sibangela ingozi enkulu emfuyweni, kodwa abalimi abaningi bayayiphatha kabi. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ngokucophelela ukuthi yini i-nodular dermatitis, futhi ujwayele izindlela eziyinhloko zokulwa nayo.
Iyini lesi sifo
I-dermatitis engavamile noma e-nodular yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithathelwanayo esitholakala ezinkomeni nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-dermatitis emfuyweni ukuhlukunyezwa komzimba ngegciwane elithile. 
Ukutheleleka kusakazekile, ngakho kusakazeka ngokushesha phakathi kwezilwane, futhi kunemiphumela emibi emzimbeni wezilwane. Ukufa kwemfuyo kusuka ezilonda ze-nodular dermatitis kusuka ku-4 kuya kuma-95%.
Uyazi? Amaprotheni omuncu wezinyosi akwazi ukubopha eziningi ezinobuthi obuyingozi, yingakho lo mkhiqizo ibhonasi yamahhala yendabuko kubo bonke abasebenzi abasebenza ezimboni ezinobungozi.
Umlando wokuthola nokusabalalisa
Ngesikhathi sokuqala, abantu bahlangana nalesi sifo semfuyo ngo-1929 eNingizimu Afrika (eNyakatho Rhodesia) nasesiqhingini saseMadagascar. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphuzu elincanyana lokutheleleka lavela, okwakuboniswa yizilwane eziningi zezilwane njenge-urticaria yamanga.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, phakathi nawo-1940, lesi sifo satholwa ngumsayense waseBrithani uBasstrom njengoluhlu lwezifo zomuntu ngamunye ezibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokusakazeka.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, lesi sifo saqala ukuhlangana eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi, ensimini yaseNingizimu Afrika, eMozambique, eMalawi naseNamibia.
Ngo-1960, ukuqubuka kokutheleleka kwafinyelela e-equatorial ingxenye yezwekazi, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika, lapho isifo sithathe khona khona eNdiya naseRomania eminyakeni embalwa nje. 
Ngo-2015, lesi sifo sifike ensimini yeRussian Federation, i-foci enkulu yokutheleleka yabhalwa e-Chechnya, eNorse Ossetia naseDagestan, futhi ngo-2017 eTatarstan.
Namuhla, i-nodular dermatitis ibhekwa njengenye yezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo zezilwane zasemapulazini, kanti futhi kuyinkinga enkulu yokukhiqiza izinkomo ezimbonini e-Afrika nasezindaweni eziseduze.
I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka
Isizathu esiyinhloko se-nodular dermatitis yi-pathogenic ethize ye-DNA virus. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: BLD, Allerton neNeethling. Ngokuvamile, imfuyo iyathinteka yiqembu le-Neethling lamagciwane ahlobene eduze nezinambuzane zezinambuzane ezimbuzi, izimvu kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.
I-Chlamydia, i-brucellosis, ibulala i-EMCAR, i-blutang, i-leptospirosis, i-catarrha fever eyingozi, i-aplasmosis, i-parainfluenza-3, i-actinomycosis, i-abscess nayo ibhekiselwa ezifweni ezithathelwanayo zezinkomo.
Leli qembu legciwane liphikisana kakhulu nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lingakwazi ukumelana ngokuphepha kuze kube ngu-3 imijikelezo yokuqandisa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana omzimba.
Uma uvuthiwe, i-Neethling virions iyunithi yokuzimela eyakhelwe yombono ojikeleziwe. Kubonakala ngegobolondo elibili, ukufakwa kwe-lateral, kanye nomgogodla obanzi kakhulu ngezinto eziphathelene nezakhi zofuzo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane emzimbeni kwenzeka yonke indawo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuthinta izitho nezinhlelo eziseduze ezibhekene nokwakheka nokuthutha okusebenzayo kwemicikilisho ehlukahlukene yomzimba (igazi, umuthi, umatha, njll). 
I-susceptible most infected to infections - izinhlobo zemfuyo, ikakhulukazi ezenzakatho zaseYurophu. Isilwane esisodwa kuphela esigulayo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14 singathinta yonke imfuyo futhi sibangele ubhubhane langempela.
Amanzi amakhulu okusabalala kokutheleleka yizilwane ezigulayo ezinesifo esingapheli noma esifanele sesifo, kanye nabathwali abakhuthele nabasebenza.
Igciwane liyasakazwa ngegazi ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane ezondla igazi. Yingakho ukuqubuka okukhulu kwe-nodular dermatitis kubhalwe emazweni ashisayo, kanye nasezifundeni zokukhiqiza ngobuningi omunyane namangqamuzana.
Ngaphakathi komzimba wezinambuzane, igciwane liphumelela ngokuqhubekayo kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa, okuholela ekudluliseni okungalawuleki kwesifo kunoma iyiphi indlela.
Futhi, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokweqile ngenxa yemfihlo yokuphila yezilwane. Ziyakwazi ukungcolisa ukudla, amanzi kanye nezinto ezizungezile, futhi kufinyelela kufinyelele izinyoni ezithwala izinkampani ezithuthayo.
Izinyoni ngokwabo azivame ukuphazamiseka yizifo ezithile zemfuyo, kodwa kunalokho zikwazi ukubhekana nazo ngempumelelo ngezinambuzane ezidlula kude. Ama-causative agents of nodular dermatitis awafani nakwezocansi noma ezinye izinto ezithandwayo; ngakho-ke, zithinta noma yiziphi izinkomo ngokulinganayo. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo akunalo isimo sonyaka noma esijwayelekile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukulawula ukuqubuka kwezifo namuhla.
Uyazi? Isiko samaHindu ukukhulekela inkomo njengesilwane esingcwele sisekelwe esihlalweni seVedic esivela ku-I-II yeminyaka eyikhulu BC. i-er
Isikhathi sokuvuselela kanye nezimpawu
Izimpawu zokuqala zesilonda semvelo nge-agent causative ye-nodular dermatitis zenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-3-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, kepha ngokuvamile isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwalesi sifo sithatha izinsuku ezingu-7-10.
Isithombe sokuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kuxhomeke esimweni esiphezulu semvelo, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wesifo ungase uhlolisise kakhulu amandla okuzivikela ekuvimbeleni i-pathogen eyingozi. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelela ngokukhuphuka okubukhali ekushiseni komzimba ezilwaneni ezithathelwanayo kuze kufike ku +40 ° C.
Ngokumelene nesimo sokushisa okujwayelekile ezilwaneni ezigulayo, izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ukulahlwa okuvamile;
- ukukhishwa kwamangqamuzana amaningi okuvela emakhaleni.
Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili ukushisa kuphakama, izilwane zakha ama-nodules ahlukaniswe nxazonke noma izifo ezincibilike esikhumbeni, ububanzi buka-0.5 kuya ku-7 cm kanti ubude bungaba ngu-0.5 cm. 
Inani lezinyosi ezincike ekutheni izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, kaningi ama-formations anesabelo esikhulu - kusukela emashumini ambalwa kuya kwamakhulu amaningana. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-nodules angashadile angase ahlangane, uma kwenzeka enza ama-dense, ama-convex amabala.
Ngemva kwesikhashana (izinsuku ezingu-1-2), isikhumba siqala ukuhlukanisa emaphethelweni ama-nodules, futhi isikhukhula esincane sivela phakathi nendawo - lokhu kuholela ekwenzeni i-necrosis yama-nodules nokubonakala kokukhishwa kwe-layrefactive ephawulekayo.
Emasontweni amabili emva kokusungulwa kokutheleleka, ama-nodules ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele ebusweni bomzimba, futhi endaweni yawo kukhona uhlamvu olukhulu, olugcina lukhula nge-epidermis nezinwele. Uma ukutheleleka kuba nzima kakhulu, izilonda zivela esakhiweni sama-nodules.
Phakathi nenkathi yama-lactation nodules esebenzayo avela ebuhleni. Kulokhu, lokhu kubangela ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yobisi. Iba yi-pinkish, ilukhuni, ithola iphunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Ngemuva kokushisa ubisi obunjalo buphenduka ubukhulu obukhulu be-gelatinous.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes enkomo, okukhulunywa ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-subscapular.
Kubalulekile! Uma amathole ahlaselwa yi-nodular dermatitis, lesi sifo sise-atypical. Kulesi simo, esikhundleni sezimpawu zomzimba, ukutheleleka kubonakala nge-fever kanye nesifo sohudo esiphuthumayo (ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwemibala).
Ngokuzivikela okunciphise kanye nokuba khona kwesigaba esisebenzayo sezinye izifo, lesi sifo singenzeka ngesimo esibi. 
Kulesi simo, isilwane sinalo:
- umkhuhlane;
- ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesidlo nesisindo;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu;
- ama-nodules emzimbeni wonke, ezimfwini ezinamaqabunga zibonakala njengezilonda ezizungezile kanye nama-necrotic plaque omthunzi ophuzi obomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zikhula zibe izilonda eziningi ezifakiwe;
- izilonda nokuxiliswa endaweni yamehlo, lokhu kuholela ekukhuliseni kwamajwabu amehlo, kanye nokulimala kwe-cornea ne-eyeball;
- i-mucus e-purulent esuka emlonyeni nasemakhaleni.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo
Ukuxilongwa kwesilonda sezinkomo nge-nodular dermatitis kwenziwa ngesisekelo se:
- ukuhlaziywa kwesifo sofuba - isibonakaliso esicacile sokugula yisifo esithathelwanayo kanye nokunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa phakathi kwemfuyo;
- izimpawu ezivamile zomtholampilo - inhlanganisela yokushisa, ukuwohloka okubukhali enhlalakahleni yezilwane ezigulayo, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezici ze-nodules esikhumbeni;
- izifundo ze-hetological of nodules - kumaseli wezicubu ezikhethiwe, izidumbu zokufaka izici zitholakala. Zinesimo sezakhiwo ezizimele ezenziwe ngama-oval. Ukutholakala kwe-inclusions ye-pathological kuqinisekiswa ngenxa yezinhlamvu zamangqamuzana ngombala we-xanten (i-eosin);
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-microbiological - ukuhlukanisa ama-virus kuhlukaniswe nezicubu ezinama-nodule ezithinta izimvu noma izimvu zamathole. Bathi mayelana nesimo segciwane emva kokuvela kwe-Taurus-inclusions yesimilo emavikini emibungu. Qinisekisa uhlobo lokutheleleka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwezilwane ezikhungethweyo (amagundane, izimvu, izimbuzi, amathole) nokubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso zabo zokugula;
- ukuhlaziya okuhlukile - ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutholakala kulezi zifundo ezingenhla, bahlukanisa izifo ezivela ezifweni ezifanayo zesifo (urticaria, isifo sofuba, i-strepto-trichosis, i-lpiphisitis epizootic, i-demodicosis, isifo sezinambuzane, imiphumela yezinambuzane kanye nezinye izinambuzane eziphazamisayo, i-post-vaccination edema).
Izinguquko zesifo
I-dermatitis engavamile iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa isifo, igciwane lidala ushintsho olunzima emzimbeni wezilwane.
Kubalulekile! Kunzima ukubona ukuthi isifo sisodwa kanjani ngezigaba zokuqala, ngokuvamile izimpawu zokuqala ziphazamiseke futhi azikho isithombe esicacile sokubonakaliswa, ngakho-ke, uma ukusola kokuqala kwesilonda kwenzeka nge-nodular dermatitis, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinkomo zaphawula:
- ukubonakala kwezici ezifakiwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba nasendaweni yezicubu zomzimba, izinso (ngaphansi kwe-capsule), amaphaphu (ezimweni ezingavamile);
- ama-lymph nodes evimba ukuvuvukala, evame ukuhambisana nezicubu zamanzi kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-lymphocytes, i-eosinophils, amangqamuzana e-plasma, ama-neutrophils (ne-necrosis);
- ukubola okuphindaphindiwe ku-plecer visceral, i-turbinate, i-capsule yesibindi kanye ne-spleen, emathangeni amasha (emva kokubhujiswa kwama-nodules);
- i-edema yemaphaphu nobunzima besistimu yokuphefumula;
- ukuxubana kanye ne-stasis ezigodini, emanzini;
- ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-rennet mucosa, evame ukuhambisana nezilonda phansi kanye ne-pylorus;
- i-necrosis ye-epidermis kanye ne-papillary layer ye-dermis, emaphethelweni wezicubu ezonakalisiwe kukhona ukuqina okukhulu kwesidumbu;
- Ukungena kwamangqamuzana amaseli kanye nama-clots egazi emithanjeni kubonakala ngaphansi kwezicubu ezonakalisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane eziwile, izinguquko ezilandelayo ze-pathological zingatholakala:- izimpawu zokungena okukhulu;
- ukubola kwesibindi embranini yamangqamuzana emathunjini namathumbu amancane;
- izilonda zamalungu.
Ukwelapha
Njengamanje, i-nodular dermatitis ilashwa ngokuphepha, ngoba lezi zinhloso ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezibonakaliswa yimithombo enamandla-ethize kanye nemiphumela eminingi.
Phakathi kwabo, ethandwa kakhulu yizidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- "Biferon-B" - ingxube ye-bovine interferon alpha-2 ne-gamma. Izithako ezisemqoka zalesi sidakamizwa zisezingeni elizinzile, ngakho-ke "i-Biferon-B" ayihlukanisi nje kuphela enamandla, kodwa nangomphumela ohlala njalo kwigciwane le-pathogenic. Faka izidakamizwa ngezijovo zangaphakathi noma ezincane. Izilwane ezinesisindo esingama-100 kg wezidakamizwa kuboniswa isikhathi 1 ngosuku, ngokubala 1 ml / 10 kg isisindo. Izinkomo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100 kg wezidakamizwa zinikezwa isikhathi 1 ngosuku ngemvamisa ka 10-15 ml. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike esimweni sempilo yesilwane, kodwa ngokuvamile asidluli izinsuku ezingu-3-5;
- "Gentabiferon-B" - inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-gentamicin sulfate kanye nohlobo lwe-interferon e-reefbinant alpha ne-gamma. "I-Gentabiferon-B" isetshenziselwa ukujova kwe-intramuscular and subcutaneous. Izilwane ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-100 kg wezidakamizwa zilawulwa izikhathi ezingu-1 ngosuku nokubala kwe-1 ml / 10 kg yesisindo. Izinkomo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100 kg wezidakamizwa zinikezwa isikhathi 1 ngosuku, ngevolumu ye-15-20 ml. Isikhathi sokwelapha sisuka ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezingu-5;
- "Enrofloksavetferon-B" - Lesi sidakamizwa sinamakhemikhali e-antibiotic ephuma eqenjini le-fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, kanye ne-alpha interferon ye-bovine ephindaphindiwe. "I-Enrofloksavetferon-B" ilawulwa umjovo wesibeletho ngesibalo se-1 ml / 10 kg isisindo, ngekhefu lamahora angu-24. Isikhathi sokwelapha sisuka ezinsukwini ezintathu ukuya ezinhlanu.
Uma kwenzeka izilonda ezinzima zesikhumba, isikhumba senkomo siphathwa ngamafutha okubulala ama-anti-antibiotic izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku, futhi ama-synthomycin kanye ne-zinc ointments, kanye ne-Vishnevsky liniment, ayinconywa kakhulu kule njongo.Kubalulekile! Imikhiqizo yezilwane ngemuva kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo ifanelekile ukusetshenziswa hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-20.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela yokutheleleka ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye namathumbu, ekwelapheni kwemfuyo, ukhetho olwengeziwe luyasetshenziswa:
- "Ama-Nitoks-200" - sebenzisa ithuluzi njengemijovo ye-intramuscular ngokubala 1 ml / 10 kg yesisindo sesilwane. Faka "ama-Nitoks-200" kanye, kodwa uma kunesidingo, emva kwamahora angu-72, phinda umjovo;
- "Tetracycline" - isetshenziselwa ngomlomo, njalo ngamahora angu-12 ngezinsuku ezingu-5-7, ngokubalwa kwamawaka ayi-20. Amanyunithi / kg wesisindo sesilwane;
- "Oleandomycin" - sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingenakulinganiswa, ngesibalo se-20 mg / kg yesisindo sesilwane izikhathi ezingu-3 ngosuku. Isikhathi sokwelapha sisuka ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-7.
Uhlelo lokuvimbela nokugoma
Naphezu kokuthi izilwane ezigula nge-nodular dermatitis ziqala ukuvimbela umkhuhlane wokuzivikela, ukuvinjelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi okuyisikhathi esiphezulu yisimo esiyinhloko nje kuphela sokulwa nokutheleleka okuphumelelayo, kodwa nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesifo ezindaweni ezinkulu. 
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela eziphumelela kakhulu ziyizi:
- ukuhlola ngezikhathi ngezilwane;
- ukuqothula okugunyaziwe kwabantu abagulayo;
- ukuvinjelwa kokungenisa kwemfuyo nemikhiqizo yezilwane ezivela ezindaweni ezingaba yingozi;
- ukulawula i-vector esebenzayo yesifo.
Futhi, ukugonywa ngezikhathi ezithile kwemfuyo kuzokusiza ukuvikela ngokumelene nokugula. Ngokuvamile, imishanguzo eyinkimbinkimbi noma amalungiselelo aphilayo ahambisana nezinkinga ze-SP-143, Isiolo, ne-Kedong yegundane legundane legundane elikhulile endaweni lapho i-lamb testis isetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso.
Izilwane ezincane zigonywa okokuqala ezinyangeni ezi-3, ukuphindwa kabusha kwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-12. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale igciwane elikhulu futhi elihlala njalo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Uyazi? Ukugonywa njengendlela yokulwa nezifo eziyingozi kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1796 udokotela waseNgilandi u-Edward Jenner ukulwa negciwane lesibungu lesikhukhuphuka.
Ingabe umuntu angenwe igciwane ezilwaneni ezigulayo?
I-dermatitis engavamile emfuyweni ayinabungozi kubantu, kusukela namuhla akuzange kube khona icala elilodwa lokudlulisela ezilwaneni kuya kubantu. 
Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuba uxhumane nezilwane ezigulayo epulazini kuphela egameni lokuzivikela, ngoba umuntu angaba ngumthumeli wezinkampani ezigulayo ezifakwe yizinkomo ezigulayo, ngakho-ke, kuvusa ukusakazeka okuthelelekile kokutheleleka ezindaweni ezinkulu.
I-dermatitis engavamile iyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithathelwanayo esitholakala ezinkomo eziningi kakhulu. Naphezu kokuba i-foci enkulu yalokhu kutheleleka ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-Afrika, ngonyaka ngamunye igciwane eliyingozi lisondela ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Okwamanje, lesi sifo, ngeshwa, asihlali siqonde ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke ukuze ugweme imiphumela embi empilweni yezilwane, kuyadingeka ukuba ugonywe, uma kungenjalo i-dermatitis ye-nodular ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
