Cishe akukho nsimu lapho okungenani umbhede omncane ungatshalwanga khona no-anyanisi. Lesi sitshalo sevithamini asidingi umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu wokukhula, kepha u-anyanisi unezimfihlo zawo. Ezifundeni ezingaseningizimu, u-anyanisi ungatholwa embewu ngesizini eyodwa, ezindaweni eziningi abazama ukungalingi isiphetho: okokuqala babeka amasethi anyanisi, bese betshala ngonyaka olandelayo ukuthola isivuno sama-bulbs bulbs bulbs. Ukutshala i-anyanisi kusetha entwasahlobo kunama-nuances amaningi.
Izinsuku zentwasahlobo zokutshala anyanisi
Ukushisa kwangempela kwehlobo lokukhulisa u-anyanisi akudingekile: u-anyanisi omdala uvame ukubekezelela noma iqhwa elinzima. Ngakho-ke, bawutshala kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ukuze kuthi lapho kuqala ukukhanya kosuku olude, sekuvele izimpande futhi sezikhulile. Kuyisilinganiso esikhulu sokukhanya kwelanga okudingekayo ukuze ama-bulbs akhule kahle, bese uqhubeka nesikhathi uye endaweni yokuphumula futhi ugcinwe isikhathi eside.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukutshala ukuhlwanyela lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika nakho kuyingozi. Amabhule atshalwe emhlabathini obandayo ahlanganisa imicibisholo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu se-anyanisi. Into enhle ukukhetha isikhathi lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ize ifike ku-10 mayelanaC, kepha ungalibali isikhathi eside. Njengoba umuntu kungadingeki abheke ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube nesithwathwa esimweni sama-anyanisi, kungalesi sikhathi lapho kufanelekile ukuthola isikhathi sokutshala u-anyanisi ku-turnip. Njengomthetho, ezifundeni eziningi zezulu, izinsuku zokutshala sevka ziwela ngezinsuku ezithile zika-Ephreli noma ingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi.
Labo balimi abahlola amapulani abo nekhalenda lenyanga bangathula: azikho izinsuku eziningi ezingavunyelwe zokutshala u-anyanisi (lezi kuphela izinsuku zenyanga entsha nenyanga egcwele). Futhi uma ukhetha izinsuku ezinhle kakhulu, kufanele wazi okulandelayo. Uma u-anyanisi esekhulile ukuthola izimpaphe, khona-ke izinsuku ezifanele yilezi lapho ukukhanya kukhanya kungaphansi kwezimpawu zamanzi. Uma amacebo wokuthola u-anyanisi osezingeni eliphakeme, lesi sitshalo kufanele sitshalwe ngenkathi inyanga ingaphansi kwezibonakaliso zoMhlaba.
Isibonelo, ngo-2020, izinsuku ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala i-anyanisi sets:
- Ephreli 9, 15 no-28;
- Meyi 13, 14 no-20.
Ukufakwa ezweni kwenqatshiwe ngezinsuku zenyanga entsha nenyanga egcwele: Ephreli 8 no-23, Meyi 7 no-22.
Ukuncika kwesikhathi sokufika kusuka esifundeni
Ngokuvamile, uma sicabangela yonke insimu yezwe lethu, isikhathi esifanele sokutshala imbewu sokuthola i-anyanisi itheniphu ilungele cishe inyanga nesigamu. Ngakho-ke, eningizimu, le misebenzi iqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi futhi iqeda ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMoscow, umsebenzi onjalo ungaqala ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi uphele maphakathi noMeyi.
Izifunda ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga (ngokwesibonelo, isifunda seLeningrad), kanye ne-Urals neSiberia, zinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kwezinye izindawo: kwezinye izindawo, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, umhlabathi kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze wehle kuze kube sekupheleni. Kwenzeka ukuthi ukutshala anyanisi kuhlehliselwe ukuqala kwehlobo, kepha ikakhulukazi bazama ukubhekana nalo msebenzi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi nokulungiselela
I-anyanisi ikhula kahle kuphela kunhlabathi ekhanyayo, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele esihlabathini: i-loam ekhanyayo noma i-sandam loam ilungile. Kuyasebenza nasekufikeni kwenhlabathi emnyama. Ngisho nokuvela kwamanzi omhlaba akusona isithiyo, ukube bekungenakuba yindawo emanzi nje. Inhlabathi ye-anyanisi kufanele ibe nomswakama ngokulinganayo futhi ingekho i-acidic. Uma kwenzeka kukhuphuka i-acidity, ukumiswa kokuqala kokulinganisa kanye noshoko, u-lime ofakiwe, ufulawa we-dolomite, njll.
Ngaphansi komnsalo kufanele kwabelwe izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle yilanga: ngisho nesithunzi sezihlahla zezithelo noma uthango luzosithinta kabi isivuno. I-anyanisi ilungele kakhulu imithamo ephezulu yomanyolo, kepha lokhu akufanele kube ngumquba omusha: kulokhu, kuzokhula izimpaphe ezinhle, kepha isibani, yize sisazoba sikhulu, ngeke sikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Kepha unyaka, ngaphansi kwezilimo ezedlule, ukwethulwa komquba kufanelekile.
Imibhede ka-anyanisi kufanele ibekwe kude nezihlahla ukuze ikhanyiswe njalo yilanga
Imibhede yokutshala anyanisi ilungiswe ekwindla, ngenkathi kunesikhathi. Ukumba ngokususwa kokhula, yenza 1 m2 amabhakede okungenani elilodwa nesigamu ama-humus noma umquba omuhle, isigamu-ilitha se-can ash sokhuni aze afike ku-80 g we-azofoska. Endabeni yenhlabathi yobumba, zifakwa kanyekanye ebhakedeni lesihlabathi somfula. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwenhlabathi, kungaluleki ukwengeza amakamelo ambalwa ngesikwele. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umbhede uyadedelwa bese unyathelwa kancane.
Ukulungiswa kwamasethi
Ivelaphi i-anyanisi? Itshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, okuthiwa i-chernushka, iningi nje labahlali basehlobo alicabangi ngakho. Le akuyona into elula kakhulu, ngakho-ke iningi lamasokhethi wesikhathi athengwa emakethe noma esitolo. Indlela elula kunazo zonke, Yebo, ukuthenga isisulu entwasahlobo, ngoba ukugcinwa kobusika kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile: kusendlalelo esincane emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-2 mayelanaNjengoba noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, egumbini, kodwa kungashisi. Kepha isitoreji ku-0 ... 14 mayelanaNjengoba kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi ukuhlwanyelwa okutshalwe engadini en masse kuhamba kudubula.
Ukuhlwanyela okuthengwe entwasahlobo kuhlungwa kusengaphambili, kulahlwe zonke izinhlamvu ezomile, ezingenalutho, ezilimele. Kungcono ukungatshali lezo ezikwazi ukuhluma ngesikhathi sokugcina. I-Sevok yekilasi loku-1 ibhekwa njengeyabaluleke kakhulu: lawa ama-bulbu anesilinganiso esingu-15-22 mm kanye nesisindo esingama-2-3 g. Ukuhlwanyela okukhudlwana kuya kusiya feather: kuvame ukudada futhi kungakhi isibani sempahla. Ukuhlwanyela ngokuningiliziwe, enobubanzi besibalo esingaba ngu-1 cm, kutshalwa kangcono ebusika, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuhlwanyela okukhulu kakhulu kungcono ukuthatha nokutshala ngokuhlukile, entshweni: izinhlamvu ezinhle kakhulu zizokhula kusuka ekuhlwanyelweni okuphakathi nendawo
I-soaking isethwe ngaphambi kokutshala
Ngemuva kwe-bulkhead, i-sevc enhle ekhethiwe idedelwa ezingutsheni ezingadingekile. Leyo husk engabambi kahle ama-bulbs, ngalesi sikhathi kunengqondo ukukhipha. I-anyanisi ngaphambi kokutshala ifiseleka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi engadini isiqalile ukoma ngokushesha, futhi izimvula ziqabukela. I-Sevk igcinwa amahora angama-1-2 emanzini ngeqondo lokushisa elingama-35- 38 mayelanaC. Ukugcotshwa kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukuhambisana nomanyolo wangaphambi kokufakwa komanyolo, ukufaka izakhi zomkhondo emanzini noma i-potanganum permanganate ekuqoqweni okungaba yi-1 g / l. Abanye abathandi bangathathi u-anyanisi ngemuva kokupholisa amanzi, gcina kuwo kuze kuphele izinsuku ezimbili.
Ungacwilisa i-sevka kunoma yiliphi ibhakede elikahle
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukugcwala ngendlela ehlukile, kepha kulokhu kudingeka ukuqapha nokunakekela. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufika engadini, u-anyanisi ebhakedeni ugcwaliswa ngamanzi ekushiseni kuka-65-70 ° C. Yigcine kule lokushisa imizuzu emibili kuphela, ngemuva kwalokho ihlanganiswe ngokushesha namanzi abandayo. Basho ukuthi ngemuva kokwelashwa okunjalo u-anyanisi ngeke adubule, kepha ngeke axazululwe ngokushisa kwamanzi nesikhathi sokufaka, ngaphandle kwalokho i-sevka ingabhujiswa.
Ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa kwezifo nezinambuzane
Noma ngabe ama-micronutrients engezelelwa emanzini ngesikhathi sokuthambisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali alula ngaphambi kokutshala anyanisi engadini. Okungenani, abalimi bavame ukuthambisa imbewu ngesixazululo sikamanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwenza lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, isipuni se-azofoska sichithwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese sigezwa kulesi sixazululo amahora angama-8-10. Ngisho nale nqubo yokuqala ingeyokukhuthaza ukubekezelelwa kwezifo.
Kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali angathi sína kakhulu ukuvikela izifo fungal yi-zethusi sulfate. Ithisipuni lomuthi liyancibilika kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ligcinwa kuwo imizuzu engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10. Kusebenza kangcono, kepha kuphephe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-chlorophos (2 g / l): ngemuva kokugeza okunjalo, okuhlala kuze kuphele imizuzu engama-30, ama-bulbs kufanele ahlanjiwe emanzini bese omiswa kancane.
I-Chlorophos iyasebenza ngokulwa nezilonda eziningi nezinambuzane, kepha kufanele isingathwe ngokunakekelwa.
Indlela enhle yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izimpukane zika-anyanisi, yisisombululo se-birch tar (ukugcotshwa kwekhambi yisipuni ilitha lamanzi afudumele). Kulesixazululo, abahlaseli bagcinwa imizuzu engama-20-30. Amakhemikhali angathi sína emizini yangasese awafiseleki.
Ukunquma u-anyanisi ngaphambi kokutshala
Ngokuphathelene nokuthenwa kwe-anyanisi, kuyafaneleka ukuthi uthi, okokuqala, akukho kuthenwa kokuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokutshala engadini kuyimpoqo. Uma umnsalo umanzi ngokuhambisana nemithetho, khona-ke engadini wayezoba namandla anele okugqekeza esikhungweni, futhi izimpaphe zikhuphuke ziphelele. Okwesibili, izihlahla ngokwazo, kwesinye isikhathi ezisetshenziswayo, zidonsa kuphela isibani ekuqaleni kokukhula, kepha ayithinti impilo elandelayo ye-anyanisi. Yebo, futhi okwesithathu, uma kunesifiso sokusiza u-anyanisi, khona-ke unganquma kuphela ithiphu elomile phezulu kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye eyomile yaphansi.
Kuyadikibala kakhulu ukuthinta izicubu ezibukhoma, ezimanzi ngesikhathi sokuthena: laba balimi abangenalwazi banciphisa amandla enyakatho esenyakatho kuphela. Ngemuva kokususa yonke ingaphezulu yesibalo, usike ukuthi "bukhoma", amaqabunga azovela impela, kepha isibani sizolimala isikhathi eside futhi kungenzeka singakhiqizi isivuno esihle.
Ividiyo: ilungiselela i-sevka kanye nokwehla kwayo
Ungatshala kanjani amasethi anyanisi entwasahlobo: inqubo ngesinyathelo nesikimu
Umgcini wegadi ngokwakhe angazikhethela uhlelo lokutshala u-anyanisi, encike kubukhulu bejometri yemibhede, kepha, empeleni, konke kulula kakhulu lapha. Isikimu esetshenziswa kakhulu kwetheyiphu. Phakathi kwemigqa kugcina ibanga elingaba ngu-20 cm, naphakathi kwamabhulebhu emigqeni - kuya ngosayizi wawo. I-anyanisi encane kunazo zonke (cishe amasentimitha ubukhulu) itshalwa njalo ngamasentimitha angama-6,6, enkulu - ifinyelela ku-10 cm.
Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokutshala u-anyanisi, kepha kunoma yisiphi isimo sibekwa ngokuqinile
Imbewu itshalwe ngokujula okungama-3-4 cm. Cishe, kubukeka sengathi yona ichopho lentamo ye-bulb ibonakala kahle ngaphezu komhlabathi. Uma ezinye zazo zingabonakali nakancane - akwesabisi, kepha ama-bulbs akufanele anamathele kakhulu emhlabathini. Uma ukutshala kungashonile kakhulu, ama-bulbs akhulayo acishe aqhume ngokuphelele emhlabathini, okuzomisa ukukhula kwawo lapho isimo sezulu simi kakhulu futhi kushisa kakhulu. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kugxilwe ngokweqile, ukukhula nakho kuzoncipha, futhi ekugcineni kwesikhathi sengadi ama-bulbs kungenzeka angabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kahle, okuzoholela ekuphepheni kwezilimo okungekuhle.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala i-sevka embhedeni olungiselelwe kusengaphambili.
- Nganoma yiliphi ithuluzi elifanele (ungasebenzisa ikhona le-chopper), imisele engajulile yenziwa ngokwephethini oyifunayo, imvamisa njalo ngama-20 cm noma ngaphezulu, uma kuyiwa entshonalanga-empumalanga.
Abalimi bavame ukwenza amathuluzi afanele wokumaka ama-grooves
- Uma inhlabathi isinda, isihlabathi somfula sibekwa emiseleni ngesendlalelo esingaba ngu-1 cm, kuthi umlotha wezinkuni ufafazwe kancane ngaphezulu kwawo. Abanye abalimi abangazange baphathe ama ngaphambi kokutshala, nisela imisele ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka seFitosporin.
Uma inhlabathi isivele ikwazi ukoma, vele udinga ukunisela imifula
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kutshalwe kumabanga afanele ukungena kumagreyidi alungiselelwe, kuyicindezela kancane enhlabathini (izimpande ezichaziwe kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi zingalimazi). Ukujula kokutshala kukhethwa ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokugcwalisa iziqalo zama bulbs emhlabeni kukhuphuke kancane ngaphezulu komhlaba.
I-Sevka icindezelwa kancane emhlabathini othambile: ukuze ama azibambe aqine kuwo
- Izithombo ezitshaliwe zimbozwe inhlabathi, emva kwalokho kudalulwa umhlaba osembhedeni, lapho kufaneleka khona ukusebenzisa indawo evamile.
- I-landings igcotshwa ngokucophelela futhi ngobuningi ngamanzi avela kumsele wokunisela nge-strainer.
Ukutshala kufanele kube namanzi ngokuphelele
Kuze kube ukukhula okuluhlaza ngokutshala, akumele wenze lutho, ngaphandle kokuthi ukhula luvame. Kumele akhishwe ngokucophelela ngesandla; i-hoe iqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokuthi imigqa ikhonjisiwe.
Izandulelo nokuhambisana
I-anyanisi cishe ayinandaba nokuthi yini ekhule embhedeni ngaphambi kwayo, uma kuphela inhlabathi ihlala ivundile. Imifino yangaphambilini ekahle ye-anyanisi ngamakhukhamba, utamatisi, iklabishi noma amazambane: lezi yizitshalo ezisebenzisa umanyolo omkhulu ngazo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala u-anyanisi ngemuva kwezaqathi, isithombo kanye ne-sunflower. Hhayi-ke, kulandela umthetho wokujikeleza kwezilimo, ngemuva kwaluphi uhlobo anyanisi, kanye negalikhi.
U-anyanisi futhi cishe awunabo omakhelwane abangathandeki. Ama-legamu kuphela (uphizi nobhontshisi) ezibhekwa njengalezo, futhi u-anyanisi uqobo akuwona umakhelwane omuhle kakhulu nganoma uluphi uhlobo lwekhabishi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela okuhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi nomakhelwane ophoqelekile wama-anyanisi ng izaqathi. Zivikela ngakolunye uhlangothi ezinambuzaneni: okokuqala, kusuka ku-anyanisi nakwezimpukane zekherothi. Amazambane, ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nama-beet nawo angomakhelwane abahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-anyanisi.
Anyanisi nge izaqathe - omakhelwane zakudala engadini
Izakhamizi zasehlobo ezibambe uzungu lokuthi zingazinikeleli ngemifino zitshala inani elincane le-anyanisi: amasheya asebusika enziwa ekwindla emakethe. Kepha ngisho nengadi encane, okuphoqelekile kunoma iyiphi ingadi, kufanele itshalwe ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele. Akunzima ukwenza lokhu, kepha ehlobo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuzoba khona imifino no-anyanisi abaningana osusondele.
