Namuhla, cishe noma yiziphi izinyosi ezinkulu zezinyosi azisebenzisi izindlela zemvelo zokuzala izinyosi. Izindlela ezinjalo ziphelelwe yisikhathi, ziletha ukulahleka okuningi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabafuyi bezinyosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbangela kanye nendlela yokwenziwa kwezinyosi ezingakaze zifundwe ngokuningiliziwe futhi ziphakamise imibuzo eminingi kubachwepheshe. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokweqile mayelana nemigomo yokukhukhumeza nokuzala izingane ngaphakathi komndeni, nokuthi ukuxubana nokuhlanza, ukuhlanza nokutshala kwe-swarm kwenzeka emthonjeni.
Incazelo yokuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinyosi ngendlela engokwemvelo, njengoba isethwe ngokwemvelo ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokusebenzisa ukuzulazula nokukhula komndeni ngaphakathi komndeni.
Inqubo yokuthutha kusho ukuhlukaniswa komndeni zibe izingxenye ezimbili ezinemibandela, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akulingani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingxenye eyodwa ibalekela endaweni yabo yokuhlala unomphela, ithatha isibeletho esidala futhi ifuna indawo entsha lapho ingahlala khona futhi ikhulise inzalo yabo. Ingxenye yesibili isehlala esidlekeni, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amaqanda omzimba. Ngokushesha, isibeletho sizovela, iningi lazo lizohamba futhi lishaye. Kodwa omunye usalokhu futhi uzoletha inzalo entsha.
Bhalisa ngaphakathi komndeni ikhule ngosizo lwezinyosi ezisemsebenzini. Isibeletho esibelethwe sibeka izibungu kumaseli alungiselelwe izinyosi. I-Drones ikhula kusuka kumaqanda angenalutho, nakuyozinyosi ezikhulayo ezikhulayo kanye nezinyosi zezinyosi. Uma isibeletho siletha inzalo, izisebenzi zezinyosi zihlale ziwondla nge-royal jelly, ehlukaniswa nenani eliphezulu le-caloric. Ngosuku olulodwa, isibeletho sikwazi ukubeka amaqanda amaningi kangangokuthi isisindo sawo singalingana nesisindo sobumbulu ngokwalo, ngokuqondile ngoba kufanele sidle ubisi obuningi. 
Roy kanye nezici zakhe
Roy-burs kudalwa ngokuhlanganisa imindeni eminingana ibe yinye. Lokhu kwenziwa, ezimweni eziningi, ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwemindeni ekufumbathweni okuyinhloko. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaxhunyiwe izinambuzane ngaphandle kokulungiselela, ngoba ku-90% wamacala enzondo azoqala, futhi zonke izinyosi ezixhunyiwe zingase zife. Khona-ke kufanele uchithe imihlathi ukuze uvimbele inhlekelele.
Ukuvimbela inzondo ukuba ingenzeki, imindeni ngayinye kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi amanzi (izinyosi zihlukanisa abantu abangabazi ngephunga, ngoba zinezinhlaka zephunga, futhi uma zithola iphunga elifanayo, khona-ke ubutha ngeke buqale). Futhi kuzincwadi zokulondoloza izinyosi kukhulunywa ukuthi isidleke singahlukaniswa emikhakheni eminingana ngosizo lwephepha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyosi zizoqala ukwenza izimbobo ephepheni, kancane kancane zihlangane futhi zingabi nonya.
Kubalulekile! Ungahlolisisi imihlathi yokukhulelwa kwamantombazane phakathi nesikhathi sokushayela indiza.
Swayipha i-medoviki ifomu ngokuxhuma izikebhe eziningana, ubuningi babo abedlula i-1.5-2 kg. Amaqebelengwane amaju atholakala enesisindo esingaba ngu-6 kg, kanti abaningi bezinyosi bawabiza ngokuthi "amaqhawe". Izinyosi ezinjalo ziqinile futhi zisebenza ngamandla kakhulu.
Izibhamu ezifanayo zidalwe ngale ndlela: izinambuzane eziningana zithelwa emngceleni, igridi ehlukanisayo ifakwa (ukubamba ama-drones namakhosikazi amadala), izinyosi zifakwe ngamanzi angamanzi. Uma izibungu ziqala ukuphuma (ngokuvamile zivinjiswe ngaphezu kuka 2 kg) ngosuku olufanayo, umlimi wezinyosi angakha inqwaba yejuju enamandla, izinyosi zakhe ezisebenzayo ziyokhokha izifumbathiso eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emndenini omusha ngeke ube yi-drones, okwehla uju oluningi.
Kukhona enye indlela eqondile yokudala inqwaba yezinyosi, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo ezoletha iningi uju futhi ngeke ukumba. Ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kungabuyekezwa uma une-hive engu-20 enezikhala ezihlangene. Lapho umndeni ukhulula izibungu, udluliselwa eminyangweni yangemva kwe-backalces futhi uvikelekile esikhala esishiyiwe.
I-swarm itshalwe eqenjini elivuliwe, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyosi ezindizayo ziqala ukuzihlanganisa. Esigumbini esilandelayo, lesi sibeletho sibeka amaqanda ngenkuthalo, kodwa-ke, izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ngaphambi kokufumbathisa okuyinhloko, amakamelo ahlanganiswa futhi, eshiya isibeletho esihle kakhulu. Umndeni oholayo uzoqoqa uju oluningi futhi ungagcini.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye baqaphela ukuwusizo kwemikhiqizo yezinyosi - i-wax, impova, isinkwa sezinyosi, i-royal jelly, i-zabrus, i-propolis, inyosi yezinyosi, i-homogenate, i-marv, i-podmora - futhi bonke bathole isicelo esisebenzayo.
Ukungahambi kahle kwemvelo
Ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwama-bee amakoloni, uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakelwa, kunezimo eziningana:
- Ukukhiqiza okufakelwayo kwenzeka njalo njengoba kuhlelwe, ngokungafani nemvelo. Izimiso zokuthungula azikaqondi kahle. Izinyosi zingaqala ukumba noma kunini, futhi uma lo mzuzu ungaphuthelwa, i-apiary izolahlekelwa ngokwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyosi ziyahamba ngokuhlukile ngokweminyaka ehlukene, zingakwazi ukuyeka ukuzwakalisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Ngokukhiqizwa kwemvelo, inqubo yokuthungatha ingavinjelwa, ngokulandelana, izinqubo zokuqoqa amaju ziyancipha. Uma izinyosi zezinyosi zisakazwa yizindlela zezinyosi zokufakelwa, khona-ke inqubo yokuthungatha ayenzeki, futhi izinambuzane ziyaqhubeka zamukela izifumbathiso.
- Izinqubo zokukhukhumeza, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza ngokwemvelo, kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi kaningi imindeni ekhiqiza kangako ikhula. Uma sisebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza okufakelwayo, khona-ke kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezinyosi ezikhiqizayo kakhulu.
- Nge-reproduction yokufakelwa, kungenzeka ukuba wakhe izingqimba zanoma yikuphi amandla anikeziwe, okungavumelekile ngesikhathi sokudumala kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqiza okukhiqizayo kwenza kube khona, kusengaphambili nangaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuzala izinyosi zezinyosi zezinyosi ezintsha zezinyosi.
- Izinkukhu zezinyosi ezithinta kuphela izinqubo zokuzalanisa izinyosi ezikwazi ukugcina izinyosi kalula zigcina izibalo eziqoqiwe emzimbeni ngamunye. Lapho ukhiqiza izinyosi zezinyosi ngezindlela zemvelo, lezo zinkohliso zinzima, ngoba nganoma isiphi isikhathi imindeni ingahlukanisa noma ihlele izibhamu zokufelwa komhlaba.
- Abasebenzi ezindaweni zezinyosi ezikhiqiza izinyosi zezinyosi ngezindlela zokufakelwa zinesikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda izitshalo zomuncu endaweni kanye neminye imisebenzi. Konke ngoba izinqubo ezinjalo zilawulwa ngokuphelele. Ukuzala ngokwemvelo kungenakulinganiswa, futhi abafuyi bezinyosi kufanele bahlale beqaphele ukubuka isibhamu sokuqala.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo akukhona nje ukungalungi. Kukhona izici ezinhle ze-dilution enjalo. Abakhiqizi bezinyosi baseTrastioysk Territory kanye ne-Oryol Region bavame ukuzala izinyosi ngokuphepha besebenzisa izindlela zemvelo. Njengoba bethi, ukuhamba okuhambayo kungasheshe futhi kube nekhwalithi eliphezulu kabusha amangqamuzana amasha, kuyilapho amandla awo eqondiswa ngqo kuqoqo oluqhubekayo lweju.Kusukela emindenini eshiye, kungenzeka ukudala iziqu ezinamandla zobusi ezizoletha uju oluningi, kanye nezinga eliphezulu. Futhi idatha yokusebenza kanye nezibalo zabalimi bezinyosi ngeke zihlupheke nhlobo, futhi, mhlawumbe, ngokuphambene nalokho, zizokwenza ngcono.
Izinyosi ziyaxhaphaza
Ukubamba izinambuzane zezinyosi zisetshenziselwa okuthiwa "amakati". "Amakati" ayingqayizivele izicupho ezithwala izinyosi. Kulezi zicupho izikhukhula zezinyosi zithola indawo yazo yokuhlala. Khona-ke, lapho umlimi wezinyosi ethola izinyoni zezinyosi empeleni "amakati" asungulwe, umndeni uqala ukuthunyelwa endaweni yezinyosi.
Uyazi? E-Kenya, i-lubricant ekhethekile esekelwe e-basil isetshenziselwa ukubopha izinyosi zezinyosi. Njengabacwaningi bezinyosi baseKenya, izinyosi ezibekwe nge-basil ziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 zokuheha izinyoni zezinyosi (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyosi eziyizinyosi).
Izingibe ezinjalo zibekwe emide emithini endala noma emithambekeni yezintaba (kulezi zindawo lapho, ngokusho kokubala kokuqala, isithuthuthu sizothunyelwa). "Amakati" akhiwa kusukela endala yama-oak, i-linden noma umlotha. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngesimo sesilinda, esingaphakathi nesiphambano. Iziphambano kanye nakho konke okuphakathi komgibe kubhekwa ngxube ekhethekile ukuheha izinambuzane ezinamanzi. Le ngxube yenziwe ngesisekelo se-propolis, i-oli ne-sushi endala.
Indlela yokusebenzisa izinyosi zezinyosi ezishisayo
Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho okusikisela, ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwesimiso, imindeni ebumbene iqale ukubeka amangqamuzana endlovukazi, futhi izinqubo ze-swarming ziphindaphindiwe. Kodwa lokhu akuzuzisi kubafuyi bezinyosi, futhi izinqubo ezinjalo kufanele zivinjelwe.
Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa le nqubo:
- Isibhamu esesobunxele sibanjwa futhi sibekwe esidlekeni esisha, eceleni kwesiphi isidumbu somndeni womzali okufanele sitholakale.
- URoy udinga ukunikeza ama-2 ozimele nge-brood evuliwe, 2 uju nama-frames ama-amber kanye ne-honeycomb encane (i-honeycomb yengezwa ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu, elithinta ubukhulu be-colony bee colony).
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5, izinyosi sezivele ziqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo, kanti isidleke nomndeni womama singasuswa, futhi isidleke esinomndeni oshukumisayo singafakwa endaweni yaso.
- Lapho ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi kwenzeka, kudingeke ukuba ukhethe wonke amafele ngezinyosi ezincane nezinyosi. Udinga ukushiya ifreyimu eyodwa kuphela ne-honeybird, u-brood ovuthiwe kanye nomama wenkosikazi enhle kakhulu. Zonke ozimele ezinezinsizwa ezincane zifakwa esidlekeni se-swarm, futhi isakhiwo sesibili sifakwa.
- Ngokulandelayo, ozimele ezintathu ezikhethiwe zifakwe ku-nucleus elungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Lapho lesi sibeletho sithatha i-drone, i-nucleus ijoyina insipho (isisu esidala sisusiwe ngaphambilini).
Ukuqhathaniswa namakhosikazi
Ukuqokwa kwamakhosikazi kuqala ukuqala kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 emva kokuguqulwa kwabo kusukela e-pupa kuya ezinambuzane ezidala. Ekuqaleni, lesi sibeletho senza izindiza eziningana noma eziningi ezizungezile emifuba. Izindiza ezinjalo zingadlula emaminithini angu-5 kuya kwangu-20. Ziyadingeka ukuze emva kokubeletha isibeletho singathola indlela yaso ekhaya ngokuphepha. Phakathi nenkathi yesenzo somshado, akukhuthazwa ukuba uhlole isidleke sesibeletho, ngaphandle kwalokho angeke sibuyele.
Ukulinganisa kuqala ngosuku olufudumele nolunamandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lokuzala izithombo zezinyosi seluvele seluqalile ngokugcwele, futhi usekulungele isenzo somshado. Ungafunda mayelana nokuqala kwenqubo yokubambisana kusukela kumsindo wezinhlamvu zama-drones. Ukuziphatha ngokocansi kwesibeletho kanye ne-drones kwenzeka okungenani ngamamitha ayi-3, kodwa akukho idatha eqondile, kusukela manje akekho ososayensi oye wakwazi ukugcina inqubo yokukhulelwa kwesibeletho. Inqubo yokuqothula izinyosikazi zezintambo zibandakanya ama-drones ama-5 kuya kwangu-20, le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "i-polyandry".
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi somlilo, isimo sokuzivikela sisebenza ezinyosi, futhi cishe asithandi kubantu, kodwa zama ukufaka isikhwama somuthi. Yingakho izinyosi zingalawulwa ngomusi.
Umshado uqala esikhathini esukela emahoreni angu-10 kuya kwangu-18, uhlala kumaminithi angu-20 kuya emahoreni amaningana. Njengabacwaningi bezinyosi nabasosayensi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, bathi indlovukazi iqhuma nge-drones yayo kude nemifantu yayo, lapho izama khona ukuthola ama-drones eminye imindeni. Kodwa-ke, endaweni eqhele kangaka, i-Queen Bee iyagijima ibhajwe yi-drones emndenini wayo. Phakathi nendiza, zivikela isibeletho ezinyoni zezilwane nezinye izingozi. Uma lesi sibeletho singatholi amanye ama-drones aseduze, singabuyela esidlekeni sawo bese sihlehlisa inqubo yokusabalalisa kuze kube yindiza elandelayo. Kungase kube nezinhlobo eziningi ezinjalo, futhi uma i-drones evela eminye imindeni ingatholakali, ukulala ngokobulili kuyokwenzeka nabesilisa babo.Ngenkathi yokuxubana, isitho socansi se-drone sisalokhu esibelethweni sesisu. I-drone eyasusa isidumbu sayo ihlala isikhathi eside, uyakwazi kuphela ukuletha lesi sibeletho endaweni yokuhlala (noma kunjalo, ngisho nalokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi). Manje isisu sikhulelwe, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 sizoqala ukubeka amaqanda.
I-drones ayisadingeki noma umlimi wezinyosi noma i-bee colony. Uma umnikazi wepulazi lezinyosi engabhubhisi, khona-ke umndeni wezinyosi uzokukwenza. Konke okusemvelo kuvumelana ngokwanele: ku-bee koloni, noma ubani owenza umsebenzi udla uju, futhi ohlala engenzi lutho akafanelanga nectar, futhi ngaphambi kokuba ubusika, noma ngisho nangaphambili, kuzosuswa. Ama-drones axoshiwe ahlala isikhashana esingaphandle kwengxube, kodwa ekugcineni ayafa.
Izithombo zezinyosi ezizalana emcimbini
Emlanjeni, izinyosi zizala ngokocansi, futhi bonke abantu ababonakalayo bangodade emgqeni womama. Lezi zinambuzane ezivela emaqanda ahlwanyelwe ziba yizinsikazi noma izinyosi zokusebenza. Ama-Drones avela kumaqanda angafakiwe. Umthamo wezilwane wezinyosi uhlukile, njengoba kuboniswe ukuthi izinyosikazi zezinyosi zithinta ama-drones ama-5-10 kusuka kwamanye ama-apiary ngesikhathi sokubhukuda. Ngenxa yalokho kuhlanganiswa, izinyosi zithola izinto ezihlukahlukene zofuzo.
Umuntu ngamunye ohlelweni lokuhamba ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa: amaqanda - i-larva - i-pupa. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa komuntu ngaphakathi kweqanda ifana nayo yonke inhlobo yabantu futhi ithatha izinsuku ezintathu (ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ezibhekwa ikakhulu yizinambuzane). Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimpungushe kuyoba okuhlukile kumakhosikazi, izinyosi zesisebenzi kanye nama-drones.
Esikhathini esisebenzayo sokuphila komndeni, lesi sibeletho sisaqhubeka sibeka amaqanda kumaseli aphethwe ngaphambili yizinyosi. Ukuphumula kwesibeletho kudinga imizuzu engu-15-25 kuphela. Inqubo ye-egg-laying esebenzayo ingaphazanyiswa kuphela ngezikhathi zokuvuna kakhulu uju noma lapho kuntuleka kokudla kwamaprotheni. Uma isibeletho sibeka amaqanda, abanikazi bezinkwa bawondla njalo nge-jelly yasebukhosini. 
Amaqanda aphethwe yisisu asuke ehlala ema-cell, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqala ukugoba. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu iqanda selivele lisendaweni enezingqimba. Izinyosi zihlale zikhona esidlekeni, ezinakekela izingane zabo ezincane, ngoba lesi sizalo asikwenzi lokhu, ngoba sibeka amaqanda ngenhloso futhi sidle ukudla okuphezulu khalori. Phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, izinyosi zinikeza ukondla ubisi - izilonda kumaseli anamaqanda. Lokhu ubisi akuyona ukudla kuphela, futhi kukwazi ukuvula ukuvulwa kweqanda.
Uyazi? Ubisi oluvuthayo luyisidlo esinomsoco kangangokuthi ezinsukwini ezintathu kuphela isisindo somzimba somuntu osemncane sanda izikhathi ezingu-250!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqala kosuku lwesine, kunenqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni. Ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala, zonke izibungu zazifana futhi azifani neze. Ngosuku lwesine izinyosi ngokwabo zithatha isinqumo sokuthi bazozidlaphi: i-drones, izinyosi ezisebenzayo noma izinkosikazi. Ukuze izinyosi nezisebenzi ze-drones zibonakale, ingxube yezinyosi nobunyosi ingeziwe kumaseli anezibungu. Kulawo maseli azobekwa uphawu ngosuku lwesithupha, izinyosi ezisebenzayo zizovela. Uma amangqamuzana efakwe uphawu ngosuku lwesikhombisa, izinyosi zanquma ukukhipha ama-drones amancane. Ukugqiniswa kwenzeka nge-wax kanye nempova (le yamuva yenzelwe ukuphefumla). 
Uma izinyosi zithatha isinqumo sokukhipha isibeletho esisha, zi-preselect i-larva yosuku olufanele. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umndeni ulahlekelwa isisu esidala, noma uma isibeletho esidala siba nesitshalo esincane (kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibeletho, esineminyaka yobudala engaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-700, siqala ukubeka amaqanda amaningi e-drone, okungeyona inzuzo emndenini).
I-larva ekhethiwe idliwa i-royal jelly ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyosi zikhulisa iseli layo zibe ngosayizi wendlovukazikazi. Ukudla abakudla kule larva kunomthelela kwezinye izinguquko ku-morphogenesis. Ngakho-ke, izibungu ezidla nge-jelly yasebukhosini zilahlekelwa izigulane zama-wax, amabhasikidi emilenzeni yabo kanye ne-proboscis ende ekuthuthukisweni, kodwa bathola uhlelo oluhle lwezocansi.
Ngezinye izikhathi emndenini wezinyosi kuhlonishwa ukuguqulwa kwesibindi esiswini. Inqubo enjalo ivela lapho izinyosi zithatha isinqumo sokufaka esikhundleni sesibindi esidala ngenye entsha, noma esigabeni sokuqala senqubo yokuqhuma. Esimweni sokuqala, ukudalwa kwamangqamuzana amakhosikazi ama-5 kuya ku-7 kungabonwa, okwesibili - kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-20. Amantombazane omama avame ukudala kude nendawo esikuyo esidlekeni, ngoba inzondo ingaqala phakathi kwesibindi esidala kanye nentsha. 
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sibeletho esidala sifa, futhi azikho izimpungushe ze-uterine ukuzishintsha esidlekeni, ezinye izinyosi ezisebenzayo ziqala ukuzidla ngokugcwele kwi-jelly yasebukhosini. Inqubo enjalo iholela eqinisweni ukuthi izinyosi zezisebenzi zakha uhlelo lokuzala (yilokho abazama ukukhulisa umncintiswano wabo hhayi ukubhubhisa umndeni). Kodwa uhlelo lwabo lokuzala alukwazi ukukhula kahle, futhi izinyosi ezinjalo ngeke zikhiqize inzalo evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafakiwe, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukubeka amaqanda e-drones kuphela. Ngaphandle kokungenelela okwesikhashana kwalowo ophuza izinyosi, umndeni onjalo uzobhujiswa.
Inyosi esebenzayo esitokisini esivinelisiwe yilezi zinsuku ezingu-12. Ingxenye yokuqala yalesi sikhathi iqhutshwa inqubo yokufunda. Остальные три четверти происходит метаморфоз, в процессе которого личинка теряет промежуточные органы и приобретает новые, присущие взрослой особи. Трутневые личинки находятся в запечатанном состоянии на протяжении 14 дней, 10 из которых отделены на процессы метаморфоза. 
Молодая королева пчел развивается в маточнике на протяжении 8 дней. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokuphuma kwalo esitokisini, izinyosi ziqoqa ingxenye ye-wax ukusuka eceleni kwekhanda le-larva. Zonke ezinye izibeletho zizithokozela ngokwayo uma ziphuma ophuzweni likamama.
Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokulondoloza izinyosi uqobo uju, kodwa izakhiwo zawo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo - umqhele omnyama, i-cypress, i-hawthorn, ingaba, i-espartsetovy, i-buckwheat, i-lime, i-acacia, i-clover enhle, i-acacia, ivela kumaphini ama-pine, i-chestnut, i-rapeseed, ithanga, i-fakely-ngakho-ke kubalulekile wazi isikhathi nokuthi yini ongayisebenzisa.Noma yiziphi izinqubo zentuthuko echazwe ngenhla yezinyosi zingavela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezithile. Ukwephulwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukuntuleka kokudla noma ukuntuleka kwezingane zezinyosi esidlekeni kuholele ekuphazamiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhubazeka komzimba kungabonwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Izinyosi ezincane ezisanda kushiya amangqamuzana namanje zikhubazekile, zibuthakathaka futhi azikwazi ukushaya. Unombala obala obala obala kanye ne-pubescence encane.
Ukuzala i-bee colony
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinyosi zezinyosi ngokuwahlukanisa kubonakala ngenkathi kuqhuma imvelo. Uma usebenzisa izinyosi, izinyosi zizama ukwandisa indawo yazo, zithathele imindeni esiphelile, noma zanda inani lemikhaya ekhona.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zenqubo yokuqhaqha kokuqala ukuvimbela amaphiko nokuhoxiswa kwama-drones. Ukuvuthwa kwezinyosi ngezinyosi ngeke kube njalo isignali yokuqala sokuqala kokuthuthumela, kanti ukuhoxiswa kwe-drones kuyosho inqubo esheshayo yokuhamba kwesigamu somgomo womndeni. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuqhuma, izinyosi zokudla zivame ukuqala ukondla isibeletho, ukuze zibeke amaqanda, okuzovela khona ngokushesha. Emikhaya enjalo, inqubo yokuqoqa i-nectar ne-pollen ivinjelwe.
Isibungu sokuqala sivame ukushiya ngemuva kokuthi amangqamuzana okuqala anezibungu zesisu abhalwe uphawu. Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokushiya iqembu lezinyosi ingaphazamisa imvula, umoya oqinile noma i-snap ebandayo. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi nje kokuba i-swarm ishiya, umhlengikazi uqala ukondla isibeletho kancane kancane. Ngamazinga anjalo, izinqubo ze-egg-laying ziyancishiswa, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibeletho siba ngosayizi encane futhi kuzoba lula ukuba sigibele endaweni entsha yokuhlala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isibeletho sibheka amaqanda ambalwa, izinyosi eziningi zilahlekelwa imisebenzi yazo zihlale emagumbini omhlathi noma zibeke odongeni langaphambili. Izinyosi ezinjalo zinamandla kakhulu, zincane futhi zakhiwe ngokomzimba. Bayoba "isisekelo" sesikhathi esizayo somndeni omusha, futhi ijubane kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokuqoqwa kwezinyosi kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu ezintsha kuzoxhomeka kuzo.
Uyazi? Ukuze uthole inkezo eyodwa yobusi, cishe izinyosi ezingu-200 kufanele zisebenze ngokuqinile ngamahora angu-15.
Ezimweni ezingu-90%, umndeni uqala ukuhamba ekuseni, futhi kufanele ulindele ukuhamba ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini. Roy-pervak Ngokungajwayelekile kakhulu kuza emva kwamahora angu-14, nakuba lokhu kungase kuxhomeke ekutheni indawo ikhona futhi isimo sezulu. Ngaphambi nje kokuphuma, zonke izinyosi zigcwalisa izimbuzi ngobuningi nge-1/4 yesisindo sabo.
Abaningi bangase bangakholelwa, kodwa kunokuhamba okuvamile kwama-swarms ngaphambi kokuqala kwesibhakabhaka. Izinyosi zizwa ingcindezi yasemkhathini, kodwa namanje zama ukushiya indlu yabo yakudala. Futhi kanye nabo isibeletho, esingasuleli amaphiko awo isikhathi eside, sizama ukuhamba sihambe. 
Ngezinye izikhathi izinyosikazi zezinyosi ziphuma emcimbini, kodwa maduze zibuya. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu: iziphambeko ezingxenyeni zesibindi ngokwayo, izimo zezulu ezimbi, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuya kwesibeletho kungenzeka ngisho noma cishe sonke isiphepho sesivele siseduze endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Noma kunjalo, isibhamu esinjalo sizobuyela emva kwesibeletho, futhi ukuqhuma kuzophinde kuqhubeke ngosuku olulandelayo.
Kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho iqala kabusha, abafuyi bezinyosi babezwa ukuthi amakhosikazi "ahlabelela" ubusuku bonke. Indlovukazi endala izokhamuluka ngamasha, bese izama ukubhubhisa amakhosikazi abasha. Kodwa izinyosi ngeke zimvumele ukuba enze lokhu, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo olucacile isibhamu sokuqala sizohamba, sithathe indlovukazi endala nayo.
Ukudideka kungase kuphakame ngezinye izikhathi, futhi isibhamu sithatha isibeletho esincane. Isikhukhula sePervak, esiye sagijima, sihlala esihlahleni esiseduze esiseduze, kanti izinyosi ze-scout, okwamanje, zifuna indawo entsha yokuhlala, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho zizithola, zizokwenza "umdanso" obonisa yonke indlela yokugibela indiza.
Ingxenye yomndeni ehlala endaweni yakudala manje isuke ibuthakathaka, kodwa inenani elanele lokudla. Yingakho eqala ukwandisa futhi akhule umndeni omusha, omkhulu futhi ogcwele. Ngokushesha ukuzwakalisa kuzoqala futhi, futhi manje isibhamu sizohamba. 
Swayipha uthatha naye isisu esisencane, esingaziwa futhi esilula. Ngakho-ke, isikebhe esinjalo singahamba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngisho nasesimo sezulu esiphezulu. Ukuqaphela kuyinto elula: uvame ukuhlala ephakeme kakhulu kunomkhumbi we-pervak. Ngemuva kwesigamu sesibili singakwazi ukuhamba isithathu nesine. Lokhu kwenzeka uma nje ikoloni yezinyosi "ingasuki". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nge-swarm ngayinye elandelayo, izinyosi ezimbalwa nezincane zibalekela.
Izitshalo ezinosizi ezinhle ziyi-linden, i-pear, i-cherry, i-viburnum, okusajingijolo, i-hazel, i-rowan, iplamu, i-currant, i-blueberry, i-apula, i-thyme, i-cherry, i-coltsfoot, i-dandelion, i-mint, i-lemon, i-cornflower, i-clover, i- ejwayelekile, lungwort, tributary, ihisopi, catnipur feline, imbuzi yembuzi, borage, goldenrod, espartset, safflower, sverbig, vatochnik, derbennik.Lapho umndeni uqedela inqubo yokuthungatha, esidlekeni sonke isibeletho esincane sibhujiswa, ngaphandle kwesinye. Ngokushesha uzothola amandla, umlingani nama-drones futhi aqale ukubeka amaqanda - khona-ke umndeni uzobuya.
Njengoba ubona, izinqubo zokuthungatha zihlose ukwakha amakoloni amasha. Isibhamu ngasinye esiye sagijima ngemuva kokuba sithole indawo entsha yokuhlala sizophinde sisakazwe ngenkuthalo yi-method brood ngaphakathi komndeni. Umphumela: ukwanda kwenani lezinyosi nemindeni ngenkathi ngayinye ngezikhathi ezingu-3-5.
Isiphetho sezinyosi zezinyosi
Ezikhungweni zezindiza ezinkulu, abafuyi bezinyosi bazama ukubuyisela indlovukazi endala ngezintsha zonke eminyakeni engu-1-2. Ngokuvamile, umjikelezo wokuphila wezinyosikazi wenkosikazi ungadla iminyaka engu-8-9. Kodwa lesi sibeletho, esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili, asisethi sikhiqize futhi sibeke amaqanda amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe wonke amaqanda ayedonsa. Ngokuvame kakhulu, izinyosi ngokwabo zikhulisa "ukuthula" kwezinkosikazi ezincane, bese zibhubhisa endala.
Kodwa umfuyi wezinyosi kufanele alawule wonke amakhosikazi endaweni yakhe yezinyosi, futhi uma ethola ukuthi amakhosikazi asebedala angasakwazi ukubeka amaqanda, kumele asebenze ngokushesha.
Abaningi abazi ukuthi zingaki izinsuku izinyosikazi zezinyosi ezishaya. Ngokwemvelo, le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingu-16 kuphela.
Kubalulekile! Izinyosi ezisesimweni sokukhukhula azikwazi ukushaya.
Indlela yokudala kanye neyonke yokuhoxiswa kwesibeletho esisha kuwukuqamba okulandelayo: udinga ukulimaza iphiko noma umlenze wesibeletho esidala, khona-ke izinyosi ziyovusa indlovukazi entsha, futhi amadala ayobhujiswa eyedwa.
Namuhla, kunezindlela eziningi zokufakelwa zokuzalisa izindlovukazi ezingokwemvelo nezihamba ngezinyawo. Izindlela ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlobo ze-uterine zisebusika-ziqinile, zikhiqiza futhi ziphikisana nezifo eziningi.
Ukuhlanza isikhwama
Ukusheshisa inqubo yokuxazulula isikebhe, izinyosi ezikuyo zifakwe ngamanzi. I-swarm ehleliwe iqoqwa ku-roohna ekhethekile. Ukuqoqa izinambuzane, ithangi elibhekiswe ngaphansi kwazo, bese izinyosi zizongena emathini. Konke ukuzamazama ngeke kuphumelele, ngakho-ke, konke okuqoqwayo kuqoqwe nge-ladle, noma nje ukuzulazula emagatsheni amancane. Izinyosi ezingakaze zihambe, ziyozungeza kancane futhi zizohlangana lapho.
Ngezinye izikhathi umndeni wezinyosi kunzima ukukuqoqa. Isibonelo, ezimweni lapho bahlala khona esihlahleni somuthi. Abanye abafuyi bezinyosi bayotshisa umusi. Emva kokuba zonke izinyosi ziqoqwe ku-swarm, ziyiswa endaweni epholile, emnyama lapho zimi khona ngaphambi kokufika emcimbini.
Kunendlela eyodwa ekhohlisayo yokuhlanza isibhamu, usebenzisa ukuthi awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Ukwenza lokhu, uma ushiya isibhamu, ubambe isibeletho esiye savela, sibeke esivumelwaneni, okufanele sisindiswe esihlahleni eside esiseduze ezingeni lamamitha ayi-3-4. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, zonke izinyosi ziyobutha ku-roevna. 
Ukufika kwesibindi esidlekeni
Imindeni enezinyosi kudingeka ihlale kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Uma isibhamu singabekwa emthonjeni emini, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi i-swarm ihoxiswe, ngokuyingxenye noma ngokuphelele, izojoyina izinyosi ezindizayo ezihamba ngezinyosi bese ishiya indawo yezinyosi.
Isibhamu esithathiwe sifakwa endaweni entsha yokuhlala ngemuva kokulungiswa kwangaphambili. Umswakama ufakwe endaweni ehlala njalo, okumele kube khona emthunzini, ngoba izinyosi zingase zibaleke endaweni enelanga. Lapho ulungiselela isidleke, umklamo wokufakelwa nama-honeycombs ufakiwe kuwo. Kusukela ekugcineni kwesikhukhula, udinga ukufaka ifreyimu elilodwa ngunyosi ne-perga, futhi eduze nesikhungo - eyodwa noma amabili ozimele nge-rasplod. Uma amafrimu anama-brood engafaki, khona-ke kuzohlala kukhona amathuba okuba izinambuzane zizoshiya indawo entsha yokuhlala, ngoba ngeke zikwazi ukukwenza.
Ukuze i-swarm ibekwe ngokuvikelekile esidlekeni, udinga ukusebenzisa isitolo. Uma izinambuzane zingangeni emthonjeni, ingabe isikrini somusi singasetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokuba isikebhe sonke sihlale esidlekeni, kufanele sihlanganiswe. Uma kuthatha amahora angu-24 emva kokufika kwe-swarm, imifantu kudingeka ihlolwe ngomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini endaweni yokufakelwa.
Ukunakekela umndeni ovumela ukuhamba kwesibhamu
Ngokuvamile, lapho isikebhe sePervak sishiya, kusekhona omamakazikazi abambalwa emndenini. Amaqanda abo awazange abekwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho azovela ngokuhlukile. Uma umfuyi wezinyosi engasusi wonke amaqanda emcimbini ngesikhathi esifanele, umndeni uzothuthukisa kuze kube sekugcineni. Kuzohlale kusuka konke okusha, kodwa buthakathaka kakhulu, izibhamu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke kube khona izinyosi ezisele emndenini, kuyoba buthakathaka kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ukukhiqiza u-1 kg uju, izinyosi zidinga ukuhamba ngezindiza eziyizigidi eziyi-8.
Ukuze uvimbele ukukhathala komndeni, isisu sisusiwe. Uma umndeni wawukhiqiza kakhulu, ama-queen queen such are not removed. Bathinteka emindenini emisha, ukubuyisela amakhosikazi amadala.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Esigodini sase-Nonchernozem saseRussia, izibhamu zokuqala ziqala ukuvela phakathi no-May. Yilapho isikhathi sokubeletha esisebenzayo siqala. Isibeletho siqala ukubeka amaqanda ukuze sithuthukise umndeni. Isikhathi sokuthungatha sithatha amasonto angu-2-5, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu, ukuphila komndeni, ukuba khona kwesifumbathiso, njll.
Ngesinye isikhathi inqubo yokweqa ingabuyekezwa ekwindla, uma kumvelo kuyoba nezifumbathiso. Noma kunjalo, inqubo enjalo ibonakala ingavamile kakhulu, futhi cishe ayike ibe khona endaweni ye-Non-Chernozem.
Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zaseRussia, izinqubo zokuthutha nokukhiqiza zingaqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Engeningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine, izinyosi ziyaqhubekela phambili phakathi kwesifumbathiso sokuqala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuma kwesibhamu kungabuyekezwa ekwindla.
E-Belarus, izinqubo ezihamba phambili ziqala ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kuye ngokuthi isifunda (ikakhulukazi enyakatho i-apiary, kamuva ukuqhuma kwe-apiary kuqala). Kodwa izibhamu zokuqala zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo aziphuzi njalo ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ngezinqubo ezinjalo izizathu ezihambisanayo kufanele zibonwe, esizikhulume ngenhla. 
Kulesi sihloko sichaze ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izinyosi zizala kanjani ngendlela engokwemvelo. Futhi nakuba namuhla ukuzalanisa okunjalo kungavamile ukuba kubonakale ezinkulwaneni zezinyoni ezinkulu, kungokwemvelo kwemvelo ngayinye yezinyosi futhi kuhlanganiswe nezinambuzane ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo.
