Noma imiphi imifino yokuvuthwa kokuqala ithandwa kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, inqwaba yezinhlobo zamatamatisi kanye nzalo iye yakhiwa, kepha utamatisi oMhlophe wokugcwalisa, owaziwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu, usatshalwa ngentshiseko ngabalimi. Lokhu kungenxa yokungathobeki kwayo kanye nokuphikisana okuphezulu kwama-vagaries wesimo sezulu.
Incazelo yokugcwaliswa okumhlophe okuhlukahlukene, izici zayo, isifunda sokutshala
Ukugcwaliswa kukaTomato White kwasungulwa ngonyaka we-1960. eKazakhstan esiteshini sokuhlola esinegama ngemuva V. I. Edelstein ngokususelwa ezinhlotsheni uVictor Mayak noPushkinsky. Inhloso yabafuyi bezimpahla kwakungukudala izinhlobo ezithela phezulu zanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, kwathi ngonyaka we-1966 umkhiqizo womsebenzi wabo ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kuka-241" wafakwa kuRejista Yezwe yokufezekiswa kwezwe lethu. Sonke lesi sikhathi sikhula ngenkuthalo yibo bobabili abahlali basehlobo kanye namabhizinisi ezolimo ahlelekile.
Lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba wonke ezilungele ukutshala zombili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ongavikelekile wezifunda zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Esigabeni esisemthethweni yiRegista Yombuso YaseRussia kuphela lapho kunconyelwa khona izindawo eziyisikhombisa: iNyakatho, iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, i-Central, iVolga-Vyatka, i-Central Black Earth, i-Middle Volga kanye ne-West eSiberia. Ngakho-ke, inqwaba emhlophe ingatshalwa eningizimu nasenyakatho yezwe lethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokumelana kwayo kakhulu nokubanda, isomiso kanye nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kwe-Tomato bush kuyinto ephansi, kepha iqinile, ngenxa yephimbo elinamandla, elisakazeka kuzo zonke izindlela. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kusuka ku-50 cm (emhlabathini ovulekile) kuya kuma-70 cm (endaweni ebamba ukushisa). Lesi sitshalo siwuhlobo oluchazayo, aludingi i-garter. Ukugawulwa kwesihlahla kukalwa, inani lamaqabunga lincane. Amaqabunga ngokwawo anombala oluhlaza ojwayelekile, usayizi ophakathi, ngaphandle kokuthosa, ukonakala kwawo kuphansi.
Amabhasi okugcwala okuMhlophe awadingi ama-garters, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izithelo eziningi zizalwa kuwo ukuze abalimi basize isihlahla ukuthi singawi
Izinhlobonhlobo zokugcwala okumhlophe okuvuthiwe kokuqala, izithelo zokuqala zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezinsukwini eziyi-100 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezithelo ezivuthiwe ngeviki lokuqala, izithelo ezengeziwe ziyafinyeleleka. Ngokuvamile, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, isivuno singamakhilogremu amathathu, ku-greenhouse kuphezulu kancane.
I-inflorescence yokuqala kutamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo ngemuva kweqabunga le-6 noma le-7, elilandelayo emva kwelinye 1 noma 2. Ku-inflorescence ngayinye, kusuka kuzithelo ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-6. Izithelo zibambelela ngokuqinile ezihlahleni, zingaweli zodwa, noma sekuvuthiwe ngokuphelele. Isisindo se-fetus ngokwesilinganiso singama-100 g, abushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi abeboshwe kancane, ayindilinga. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele zipendwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo, kepha bayithola ngesigaba sombala omhlophe. Ngaphakathi, utamatisi obomvu ovuthiwe uqukethe izidleke zembewu ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-12.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi izithelo zinambitha enkulu. Izici ezinambitheka zibonakala zilungile, utamatisi uhloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukuqokwa ngokusho kweRegional State yeRussian Federation kuyisaladi. Zine-acidity emnandi, zikhipha ukunambitheka okujwayelekile kukatamatisi. Ngesivuno esikhulu, izithelo ezingaphezulu zingagcinwa, zilungele ukulungiswa kokunameka kwetamatisi. Kubekezelele kahle ukuthutha, ukumelana nokuqhekeka.
Kungani, iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, ngobuningi bezinhlobo ezintsha, ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kuyadingeka ngabalimi. Ngokusobala, inhlanganisela yezici idlala indima lapha: isivuno esikhulu, kuhlanganiswe nokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuthengiswa okuhle kwezithelo, ukumelana nokubanda nezifo, lula ukulinyelwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zinika isivuno esihle ngeminyaka eyomile nepholile.
Ividiyo: isimilo sokugcwaliswa kwamatamatisi Amhlophe
Ukubukeka
Izithelo zokugcwaliswa okumhlophe kwe-utamatisi zinesimo sotamatisi zakudala, ziyahambelana, ngesimo esivuthiwe zinombala ojwayelekile obomvu okhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, esimweni esingavundile, umbala uphelile, yize utamatisi esevele edumile.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zamatamatisi Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe - okubushelelezi, okubomvu, njengamathoyizi
Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elikhulu lamatamatisi anemibala ehlukene angaba esihlahleni, esidala isithombe somuthi kaKhisimusi.
Lapho izithelo zokuqala sezicishe zivuthwe, ezinye zingaba luhlaza nokumhlophe
Izinzuzo nokubi, izici, umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo
Njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlobonhlobo, utamatisi wokugcwala okumhlophe unezinzuzo nobubi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi liphikisana ngokuphumelelayo nezinhlobo eziningi ezintsha kanye nenzalo ekhombisa ukuthi inezinzuzo ezinhle kunezibi. Izinzuzo ezisobala zezinhlobonhlobo zifaka:
- ukungathobeki kwezimo ezikhulayo;
- ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene;
- ephezulu, yezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, isivuno sezithelo ezinhle eziphakathi nendawo;
- ukuthuthwa kwezilimo;
- Universal universal ukusetshenziswa;
- ukunambitheka okuhle nephunga eliqinile;
- ukuvuthwa ngobungane kwengxenye eyodwa yesitshalo nokunwetshwa kwenye;
- ukumelana namaqandeni amancane.
Okubi yilokhu:
- ukumelana nezifo eziphakathi nendawo;
- isethulo nondescript yezithelo ezingavuthiwe ngokuphelele;
- ukunambitha "kwe-amateur": akuwona wonke umuntu othanda ukungabi naluhlobo kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezithelo kuhlotshaniswa nesici esinjalo njengesikhumba esiminyene kakhulu. Ukuba okuhlanganisiwe kusuka endaweni yokubuka ukulondolozwa kwamatamatisi, leli qiniso, mhlawumbe, lethula ukungaxhumeki okuhle kumakhasimende (ukunambitheka) kwezimpawu zezithelo.
Igama "ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe", lilungele ngokuphelele ama-apula alolu hlobo, uma utamatisi edideka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izithelo ezivuthwe ngokuphelele ("ezithululelwe") zibomvu ngombala, futhi zidlula esigabeni sokufaka umbala omhlophe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuthwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithela kahle kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, kepha esimweni sokuguquguquka okubukhali emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke, amathuba okuqhekeka kwezithelo asephakeme. Ingxenye yokuqala yesivuno, njengokomthetho, mihle kakhulu, kepha impumelelo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo ezisele sele incike kakhulu esimweni sezulu.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza ukungafuneki kwezinhlobonhlobo, ngifuna ukuphikisana nezitatimende ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwamatamatisi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezingacishe zingaphansi kwe-White Bulk ngokungathobeki, kodwa okunika, ngombono wombhali wale migqa, izithelo ezihlwabusayo. Le nhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi, itamatisi yeBetta. Uvuthwa ngaphambili kakhulu kunokugcwala okuMhlophe, uthela izithelo ngamazanyana amancane, kepha utamatisi amahle futhi amnandi. Lapho ushiya kuyinto engenasizotha kanye nokugcwaliswa okumhlophe. Yize, kunjalo, "ukunambitha nombala ...". Cishe abanye abalimi bazokhipha ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezifanele kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Ukugcwaliswa kwamatamatisi Amhlophe emasimini
Izici zokukhula nokutshala utamatisi
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukugcwaliswa kukaTomato White kuyinto engathandeki, inayo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo esebenza ekutshaleleni nasekutshaleni noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi, azikho izici ezibalulekile kulokhu. Eseningizimu kuphela, lolu hlobo lwetamatisi lukhula ngokuhlwanyelwa ngokuqondile kwembewu engadini, futhi nangaleso sikhathi, uma ungafuni ukuthola isivuno sokuqala esengeziwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, le ndaba ihlala iqala ngezithombo ezikhulayo, bese iqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu emabhokisini noma ezimbizeni ngoMashi.
Usuku lokuqala lokuqalwa kwezithombo lincike esifundeni nokuthi zihlela ukuthola isivuno yini endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma enhlabathini engavikelekile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izithombo zizodinga ukufakelwa engadini, bese kuthi lapho sekudlule isikhathi lapho inhlabathi izofudumala okungenani ibe ngu-14 mayelanaC, kanye nokushisa komoya kufanele kulindeleke okungenani ezingeni elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukuhlwanyela akufanele kwenziwe kungakenzeki maphakathi no-Mashi, esifundeni saseLower Volga lokhu kungenziwa emavikini ambalwa ngaphambili, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni sase-Urals - ngezinsuku zokugcina zenyanga.
Inqubo yokukhulisa izithombo iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo.
1. Ukulungiselela imbewu. Isigaba sifaka:
- ukulinganisa (ukuyaluza kwembewu ngesixazululo se-3% se-sodium chloride): imbewu ye-pop-up akufanele itshalwe;
- ukubulala amagciwane (ukugeza imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 endaweni yesisombululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate, kulandele ukugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile);
- ukugcobhoza nokuhluma: imbewu ibekwa ngendwangu emanzi futhi igcinwe ifudumele kuze kuvele izimpande ezincane;
- Ukuqina: gcina imbewu enamathela izinsuku ezingama-2-3 esiqandisini.
Imbewu yokugcwalisa emhlophe iyafana nezinye izinhlobo, futhi ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa ngendlela efanayo
2. Ukulungiswa kwengxube yenhlabathi. Ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu ingxube yamanani alinganayo enhlabathi engadini enhle, i-peat ne-humus. Ungangeza umlotha omncane kuyo (idlanzana ebhokisini). Umxube oxutshwe kahle kufanele uchithulwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Noma kunjalo, inhlabathi ingathengwa futhi esitolo, ayidingi ukulungiswa ngokukhethekile.
Uma inani elincane lezithombo likhulile, kungcono ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo
3. Ukutshala imbewu ebhokisini. Ungqimba lomhlabathi osebhokisini kufanele okungenani lube ngu-5 cm, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezishiywe kahle kuze kube ngu-1-1,5 cm, kusale ibanga elingu-2-3 cm phakathi kwawo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu eyodwa ngesikhathi kulula: zikhulu impela
4. Ukulandela izinga lokushisa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-8, izithombo zizovela ebhokisini elimbozwe ngengilazi lokushisa kwasekamelweni, izinga lokushisa lehliswa ngokuphuthumayo lifinyelele ku-16-18 ° C, futhi ebusuku - ama-2-3 degrees aphansi. Isibani - esiphezulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izinga lokushisa libuyiselwa ezingeni lakhona lasekuqaleni.
Uma ungokwehlisi izinga lokushisa masisha ngemuva kokuvela, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa izithombo zingaphonswa
5. Ukhetho. Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili angempela, izithombo zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile noma ebhokisini elivulekile kakhulu, nebanga okungenani le-7 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Inhloso yokukhetha ukuhlinzeka isihlahla ngasinye ngendawo eyanele yokudla
Ngenqubo yokukhulisa izithombo, iniselwa ngokulinganayo futhi, uma kuyeka ukukhula, zondliwa umanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele amahlandla amabili kuya kwemiyalo. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekukwehlela emhlabatsini sikhatsi sikhipha kuvulandi, ujwayele umoya lomusha. Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamatamatisi, umuntu akufanele alindele ukuthi izithombo ezinkulu zizokhula ezinyangeni ezimbili: izithombo zokugcwaliswa okumhlophe kuyaqabukela zikhule zifike ku-20 cm, lokhu akudingekile. Kufanele ibe nesitoko, nesiqu esikhulu. Hhayi-ke, uma ngesikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini ezitshalweni zezithombo noma ngisho nezimbali zokuqala zavela.
Ukutshala embhedeni wezithombo zamatamatisi Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kwenziwa ngokuqala kokushisa kwangempela. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ivalwe emimoyeni ebandayo. Kungcono ukulungiselela ingadi ekwindla, unezela zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo kuyo. Utamatisi awadingi imithamo ephezulu ye-organics, kepha athanda amazinga aphakeme we-phosphorus. Ngakho-ke, ku-1 m2 ungabi ngaphezu kwebhakede lomquba elibunjiwe kahle, idlanzana lezinto zokulotha izinkuni futhi okuyi-30-40 g ye-superphosphate.
Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kungatshalwa impela, kuze kufike izitshalo eziyi-10 nge-1 m2. Ngenhlanhla, ayidingi i-garter, kepha ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo le nyanya kwesinye isikhathi iboshwe, ngoba lapho ehlathini akhula mude, futhi ukonga isikhala kudinga ukuthi angabe “asakaza” azungeze. Ukufika okujwayelekile:
- Balungisa isikibha somgodi ngokuya ngohlelo olukhethiwe, kungafakwa umanyolo omncane wendawo emthonjeni ngamunye (ngokwesibonelo, isipuni se-azofoska nengxenye yengilazi yomlotha). Umanyolo uxutshaniswe nenhlabathi futhi waniselwa.
Ukusetshenziswa komlotha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye kunomthelela ekusindeni okusheshayo kwezithombo nokukhula kakhulu
- Susa ngokucophelela izihlahla ebhokisini noma emiphongolweni enenqwaba yomhlaba bese uyityale izimbobo, ujule kumakhasi e-cotyledon. Njengoba isikhukhula esimhlophe singakhuli esiteji sezithombo ngesihlahla eside, cishe asikaze sitshale ngokungafanele.
Izithombo ezinhle akudingeki ukuthi zijule
- Etshalwe ngamanzi afudumele (25-30 mayelanaC) bese ucasha kancane umhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla.
Ungase unisele izithombo kusuka enkingeni yokunisela, kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungawacwasi amaqabunga futhi
Ukunakekela i-White Bulk akulula. Siqukethe ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokususwa kokhula kanye nezimbalwa zokufaka umanyolo. Kungcono ukuwunisela kusihlwa ngamanzi afudumele elangeni. Isibalo esikhulu somswakama siyadingeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kodwa lapho nje inqwaba yezithelo ikhula ibe yokwejwayelekile futhi iqala ukubala, ukuthambisa kufanele kumiswe ukugwema ukuqhekeka utamatisi.
Ukugqoka kokuqala kungenziwa emavikini amabili emva kokutshalwa kwezithombo, owesibili - amanye amasonto amabili kamuva. Noma yimuphi umanyolo otholakalayo kufanelekile: konke okuphathekayo kanye namaminerali. Inketho enhle kakhulu ingxube: 20 g ye-superphosphate engezwa ilitha elilodwa le-mullein futhi ifakwe ebhakedeni lamanzi ngosuku. Leli bhakede lanele ngezihlahla eziyi-10-15.
Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe akudingi ukwakheka okuqinile kwesihlahla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngokukhula ngokweqile (okwenzeka kusuka ekudleni ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen) kuyindodana encane. Kulesi simo, ungasusi wonke ama-stepons, unamathisele kuphela lawo okucacile ukuthi awekho endaweni. Ngokushesha lapho le nqubo yenziwa, iba ngcono.
Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo, ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe akuvami kakhulu ukuthi kuvezwe izifo zesikhunta, ngakho-ke kucishe kungafafazwa. Endabeni yesikhathi eside sezulu esipholile nesimanzi, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa ngamakhambi abantu, ngokwesibonelo, ukumnika kwesikali sika-anyanisi. Kumakhemikhali, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa kuphela "okungenabungozi" kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, iRidomil noma iFitosporin.
Ukubuyekezwa
Ngazama ukugcwaliswa okuMhlophe. Kwangijabulisa! Utamatisi wangempela. Ayikho i-cherry engaqhathaniswa. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngizokhula utamatisi wangempela.
UVeronica
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=158.180
Ukutshala ukugcwalisa okumhlophe eminyakeni emibili edlule. Bengingenaye. Kusukela lapho, kuwukuhawukela ukuthatha indawo yabo.
Galla
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=158.180
Ukukhiqiza kuphansi kancane kunezinhlobo ezifanayo zesimanje kanye nzalo. Ngokwami, bengihlala ngisebenzisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene iminyaka emibili kuphela, kodwa sengazi ngakho kusukela ngisemncane. Izinhlobonhlobo zindala impela, ezazakhiwe emuva e-USSR maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ezakhamizi zasehlobo zaseSoviet kwakungezinye zezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu
I-Algam
//otzovik.com/reviews/semena_tomatov_poisk_beliy_naliv_241
Ibanga elidala elifakazelwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zisaqala kakhulu. Ngayitshala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Manje senginezinhlobo ezi-8 zamatamatisi ezikhula efasiteleni, kufaka phakathi ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe. Ngokuzithoba ngokuphelele, asikho isidingo sokuzala, ukhula, ukuthambisa kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu.
UTanya
//otzovik.com/review_4813860.html
Ukugcwaliswa kukaTomato White kudume isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu, futhi namanje kusekukhombeni zezinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala kwabalimi abaningi eRussia nakwizifundazwe eziningana ezingomakhelwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokukhiqiza okuhle. Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke, inganconywa kubahlali basehlobo abavakashela izingosi zabo ngezimpelasonto kuphela.
