Ezivandeni zemifino zaseMoscow namuhla, wonke umabhalane ehlobo uyakwazi ukukhulisa ikhabe, futhi hhayi kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuphela, kodwa nasendaweni evulekile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, ukuvuna kulula kunasesivulekile. Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe yokulima, isiko lidinga ukunakwa futhi linikezwe ngemibandela edingekayo yokukhula nentuthuko ejwayelekile.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhabe zesifunda saseMoscow
Yize ikhabe lingenye yamasiko akhetha ukufudumala, ngenxa yabafuyi bezitshalo bangakhula ngempumelelo ngisho naseSifundeni SaseMoscow, lapho izinhlobo zazo ezinesikhathi esifushane sokukhula zakhiwa - kwaqala ukuvuthwa naphakathi ekuqaleni konyaka. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuhlala kubo ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ngomhlaba ovulekile
Uma isiza sakho singenasakhiwo sama-greenhouse, lapho-ke lapho ukhetha ikhabe, kufanele unikeze izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa enhlabathini engavikelekile endaweni yakho. Njengoba ihlobo esifundeni saseMoscow lingahlukile ngesikhathi salo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo, kunconywa ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezikhethiwe ngesithombo.
U-Suga Baby
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa salezinhlobonhlobo yizinsuku ezingama-65-70. Izithelo zibonakaliswa ijamo eliyindilinga, ikhasi elincanyana elimbala oluhlaza okotshani. I-pulp imnandi ngesakhiwo se-granular. Amajikijolo athola isisindo aze afike ku-6 kg. Le nhlobonhlobo ivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukulinyelwa hhayi kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
I-Suga Baby - izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ngokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-65-70 nesisindo samajikijolo kuze kufike ku-6 kg
Maristo F1
Le nhlobonhlobo ye-hybrid ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-58-60. Isici ukumelana nezifo ezinjenge-anthracnose ne-fusariosis. Izithelo zithola isisindo esifinyelela ku-11 kg, zibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani we-peel onezinhlangothi ezikhanyayo. Inyama ye-berry iminyene kunalokho, ushukela, inombala ocebile nephunga eliyilo. Ukuvunwa ngemuva kokuvunwa kungagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Maristo F1 ehlukahlukene ukumelana ne-fusarium ne-anthracnose
Baraka F1
Ukuvuthwa kwe-hybrid kokuqala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-72-77 lapho kuhlwanyelwe endaweni evulekile nezinsuku ezingama-60-64 emva kokufakelwa. Izithelo zibonakaliswa ngesimo se-oval nesisindo esingu-11-13 kg. I-pulp ibomvu ngombala obomvu ngombala, imnandi, ayinamicu. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana neFusarium ne-Anthracnose. Inempilo ende yeshelufu.
I-Barak hybrid ikhula ngezinsuku ezingama-72-77 lapho ihlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile nezinsuku ezingama-60-64 ngemuva kokufakelwa
Qhafaza
Izinhlobo ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi ezivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-85 futhi ezilungele izimo zaphakathi nebanga. Izithelo zithola isisindo esifinyelela ku-2,5 kg, zibe no-peel green green. Inyama inejusi, inephunga, imnandi, inombala obomvu okhanyayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zinikezwa ukumelana ne-Fusarium, kepha zingathintwa yi-powdery hlobo.
I-Spark - enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezithandwayo, ezilungele ukukhula ezindaweni ezihlangene
I-Erken F1
I-hybrid entsha ye-Ultra-zakuqala enesivuno esikhulu, efinyelela ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu lapho ikhula ngezithombo. Kungokwamakhanda ezinhlobonhlobo ezidinga ukulungiswa kancane. I-Fruiting izinza ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Izithelo zikhula zibe nesisindo esingu-8-10 kg. I-peel iluhlaza okhanyayo ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama. Inyama imnyama ebomvu, icrispy, imnandi.
I-Erken F1 iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala efakwa ezithela phezulu nezithelo ezinesisindo esingu-8-10 kg
Isikhumbuzo
Ukuvuthwa okuhlanganisiwe okuphakathi naphakathi nezinsuku ngezinsuku ezingama-95. Kungatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nasezimweni zokugcina ukushisa. Izithelo kukhona okusaqanda ngesimo, zifinyelela isisindo esingama-10 kg. Umbala we-peel uqukethe imivimbo eluhlaza okotshani nokukhanya. I-pulp inoshukela, i-juicy, ithenda, ngombala obomvu ocebile.
Isikhumbuzo - i-hybrid enokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-95, ezingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nohlaza abamba ukushisa
Okokugcina ukushisa
Ukutshala amakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa kunezinzuzo zako, ngoba kulula ukuthi izitshalo zinikeze izimo ezidingekayo.
Isithandwa
Ukuvuthwa kwale nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala kuqala ngosuku lwe-82-105 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izithelo zinomumo oyindilinga-oyindilinga, zifinyelela isisindo esingu-3-6 kg. Ikhasi lamajikijolo aphakathi naphakathi aluhlaza ngemivimbo emnyama. I-pulp ebomvu inokunambitheka okuhle, inikezwe ngokuqukethwe ushukela okhuphukayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi nendawo ezimelana ne-Powdery hlobo nezinye izifo zamakhabe.
Ikhabe yohlobo lweNyosi luvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-82 ukuya kweziyi-10 emva kokuvela, lithele izithelo eziyindilinga ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg
Scorik
Izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthwa zakuqala ezikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ezinsukwini ezingama-65 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izithelo zifinyelela isisindo esingu-3 kg, zibe nomumo oyindilinga oyindilinga, umphetho onemigqa. Uginindela wamajikijolo ubomvu, ubomvu, unamakha, unephunga elicebile. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Ungagcina ikhabe esiqandisini izinyanga eziningana.
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala ngezithelo ezinkulu zize zifike ku-3 kg, ezivuthwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-65-90 ngemuva kokuqhuma
ICrimson Suite
Ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene kwase-Mid-zakuqala ngezinsuku ezingama-70-85. Izithelo ziyindilinga ngethanga elibushelelezi lombala oluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo elula. I-peel is green green emnyama ngemivimbo elula. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo yi-8-12 kg. I-pulp ye-fetus cishe ayinawo ama-veins, obomvu, othambile noju lwezinyosi. I-watermelon inempilo ende eshalofini.
Okuhlukahlukene ngokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, i-pulp ebomvu ekhanyayo ne-namanzi. Kubonakala ngokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
I-Krimstar F1
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ze-Hybrid super-zakuqala (izinsuku ezingama-56-60), ezilungele umhlabathi ovulekile futhi ovaliwe. Izithelo zibonakaliswa umumo oyindilinga, ikhasi elincanyana elinemivimbo emnyama. Isisindo samajikijolo sifinyelela ku-6-8 kg. I-pulp ibomvu, inejusi, ithenda, imnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa ne-anthracnose, ukubola okumhlophe, okwenza kungazithobi ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zesikhathi esihle sokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-56-60. I-watermelon imelana ne-anthracnose nokubola okumhlophe
Izimo Zokukhula KweMadzi
Njengoba ikhabe lithanda ukushisa, ngokulinyelwa kwalo emzileni ophakathi nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kubalulekile ukunamathela emikhubeni ethile yezolimo. Izinto zembewu ziqala ukumila ngo-15 ° C, ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno sangaphambilini, ziphendukela kwizithombo ezikhulayo. Ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngokushisa okudingekile ezigabeni zokuqala, ungahlela imibhede efudumele egcwalisa ngezinto eziphilayo.
Njengomphumela wokubola kwezingxenye zombhede ofudumele, kukhiqizwa ukushisa.
Ukususa umehluko emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nobusuku, sebenzisa izitini, amatshe, kanye namabhodlela amanzi, adlala indima yokuqongelela ukushisa: abekwe eduze kwezitshalo. Lapho behlakulela amakhabe ezimweni zokushisa abamba ukushisa, bakha izitshalo endizeni ebheke phezulu, futhi basekele izithelo abazisebenzisa emashalofini, ezikhwameni, njll, ezihlanganiswe ne-trellis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhede esesigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwesithombo yambozwa ngefilimu. Manje sizocubungula ngemininingwane ethe xaxa ukuthi ungakhulisa kanjani amakhabe ngendlela yokutshala imbewu nokutshala ngqo kwembewu emhlabathini.
Ukutshala ikhabe izithombo
Ukutshala ikhabe izithombo akunzima ikakhulukazi. Into esemqoka ukulungiselela imbewu nenhlabathi futhi wenze ngokufanele ukutshala.
Ukutshala izithombo nini
Izithombo ze-watermelon zitshalwa zineminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo kufanele zibe namapheshana ayi-4 eqiniso. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi imbewu yembewu yalesi siko ayiqhume ngokushesha, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ngasekupheleni. Ngezikhathi zakuqala, ukuhlwanyela imbewu akunangqondo.
Ungatshala kanjani imbewu yezithombo
Ukutshala izithombo ezinempilo kufaka izigaba eziningana, okubandakanya ukulungisa ingxube yenhlabathi, imbewu nezitsha zokutshala.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle inomphumela oqondile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ezisencane. Kwamakhabe, kunconywa ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi ngokwendlela elandelayo:
- 1 ingxenye yomhlaba we-turf;
- Izingxenye ezi-3 ze-humus.
Ukuze kutshalwe izithombo zamakhabe, inhlabathi ilungiswa kusuka engxenyeni eyodwa yomhlaba wesod nezingxenye ezi-3 ze-humus
Izakhi zihlanganiswa kahle ngaphambi kokugcwalisa iziqukathi. Le ndlela yokupheka akuyona ukuphela futhi umlimi ngamunye angaba neyakhe. Ungalungisa nalolu khetho lomhlabathi:
- Izingxenye eziyi-0.5 ze-humus;
- Ingxenye eyodwa yokhuni lokhuni;
- Izingxenye ezi-3 zamazwe aphansi.
Ukulungiswa kwamathangi
Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodwe ahlukene, izingilazi noma ukusika amabhodlela epulasitiki njengesitsha sokufika sekhabhethi. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwazi ukugwema ukulimala ezimpandeni lapho uhudula noma udlulisela izitshalo emhlabathini. Ububanzi besikhongozeli bungama-10 cm.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhabe kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isitsha esifanele (izinkomishi, amabhodwe, amabhodlela asikiwe)
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zembewu akuvumeli nje kuphela ukukhetha imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme, kepha futhi nokusheshisa ukuhluma kwayo, ukufeza isifo segciwane. Ukuze wenze ukulinganisa, imbewu ithululelwa endaweni eyisicaba futhi ihlelwe ngosayizi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze umhlaba ungene ngeziqukathi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, izithombo eziqinile ngeke zikwazi ukukhulisa izithombo ezibuthakathaka.
Izithombo zezinhlamvu ezincane ziqala ukuba nezithelo kamuva.
Enye yezinqubo zokuphoqelelwa ezenziwa ngaphansi kwembewu ye-watermelon ukufudumala phezulu. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yembewu futhi inomphumela omuhle ekuvuneni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bavutha amanzi ashisayo (+ 50 ° C) imizuzu engama-30. Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu ibekwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1%) yokutholakala kwegciwane. Bese zomile ku-vivo bese zikhiqiza ukuhlwanyela.
Ukubulala amagciwane izinto zokutshala ku-potassium permanganate kukuvumela ukuthi uqede amagciwane kanye nezikhunta ezingaphezulu kwembewu
Ukhulisa ukuhluma futhi unciphise ukuhluma, imbewu ingamanyaniswa. Kulesi simo, ngemuva kokucubungula nge-manganese, aboshelwa nge-gauze enomswakama bese efakwa emlilweni, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa khona cishe + 35 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi izicubu aziwomile bese uziswilisa njengoba kudingeka.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo zokulungiselela, ungatshala imbewu yekhabe. Yenza lokhu ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Gcwalisa ithangi ngenhlabathi, ngaphandle kokungeza 3 cm emaphethelweni.
- Benza ukujula okungamasentimitha amathathu bese behlisa imbewu engu-2 engene kuyo, bayimboze ngomhlaba bese beyithela ngamanzi afudumele (+ 25 ° C).
- Izitsha zimbozwe nge-polyethylene futhi zibekwe efasiteleni elisuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu.
Ukuhluma kwembewu okujwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga okushisa ku + 25-27 ° C.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-watermelon yezithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo
Amahlumela avela ngemuva cishe kwesonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, ifilimu kufanele isuswe futhi izinga lokushisa lehle liye ku-+ -18 ° C izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo ziyahlolwa bese amahlumela abuthakathaka kakhulu avunwa, emva kwalokho izinga lokushisa lenyuselwa ku + 20-25 ° C. Ebusuku, kugcinwa ku + 18-20 ° C. Izimo ezinjalo kufanele zinakekelwe amasonto amathathu.
Izithombo ezincane zidinga ukuthambisa ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenziwa ngamanzi afudumele. Umhlaba kufanele ugcwale umswakama, kepha amanzi akufanele avunyelwe ukuthi awele emacembe. Inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela idinga ukukhululwa. Ukugwema ukwelula izithombo, kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngenani elanele lokukhanya. Ukuze uthole lokhu, ungasebenzisa izibani ze-sodium, i-LED, i-phytolamp noma i-fluorescent. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele sibe amahora ayi-12-16. Igumbi elinezithombo kufanele lishaye umoya njalo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye gwema okusalungiswa.
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini
Esinye sezigaba ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-watermelon emhlabathini ziyaqina. Qhubekela phambili kulo izinsuku ezingama-7 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwezithombo kusayithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zinciphisa kancane kancane izinga lokushisa (ngu-2-3˚) kanye nokunisela okuncishisiwe. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo ziniselwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid (1%). Izithombo zinconywa ukuthi zibuyiselwe esikhundleni ekuseni, lapho amahlumela asuswa khona ngokucophelela esitsheni kanye nesixha somhlaba bese edluliselwa emgodini olungiselelwe. Umgodi wokutshala wenziwe wajula kangangokuba kungenzeka ukujula izitshalo ezinhlamvu zamaqabunga e-cotyledon. Ngemuva kokutshala, amasimu ayaniselwa futhi ambozwe ngefilimu.
Lapho ukutshala, izithombo ze-watermelon zingcwatshwa amaqabunga e-cotyledon
Ukutshala imbewu
Izinga lembewu lithinta ngqo ukuhluma kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ekutshaleni, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imbewu entsha kuphela, ngoba izithelo ezincane zakhiwa kusukela ezindala. Akunandaba ukuthi ukutshala kufanele kuphi - endaweni evulekile noma abamba ukushisa, imbewu zilungiswa ngendlela efanayo nezithombo ezikhulayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhetha balungiselele indawo yesiko futhi bahlwanyele.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
Indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, evaliwe emimoyeni ebandayo, iphambukiswa ngaphansi kwekhabe. Okuhle kunakho konke, uma ngaphambi kokuba lezo zilimo ezinjengamazambane, utamatisi, isithombo, iklabishi zikhule kuso. Okungabalulekanga kangako inhlabathi ngokwayo. Kulolu hlobo lwe-melon, inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi esikhulu, esivuthiswe ngezinto eziphilayo, siyadingeka. Kungcono ukulungiselela indawo ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufakwa amabhakede ama-1-2 we-humus nenani elilinganayo le-1 m² esizeni esinenhlabathi enobumba obunzima, obuzokwenza inhlabathi ibe namandla futhi ilula. Ingavundiswa nangamaminerali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza i-20 g yamanyolo we-potash, 30 g we-ammonium sulfate no-40 g we-superphosphate nge-1 m². Lezi zinto zizothinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kusheshise ukuvuna.
Lapho indawo isilungiselelwe, ungaqala ukuhlwanyela, kepha kufanele unake isikhathi. Esifundeni saseMoscow, imbewu yamakhabe itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izinsuku ezithile eziqondile zincike kwisimo sezulu nesikhathi esifanele sokuvuna.
Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu yekhabe, inhlabathi kufanele ifudumale kuze kufike ku-16-16˚˚.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Yenza umgodi ngokujula okungadluli ku-8 cm bese uyawachitha ngamanzi (1-2 l).
Ukuze uhlwanyele ikhabe, yenza umgodi u-4-8 cm ojulile bese uchitheka ngamanzi
- Lapho amanzi edonswa, imbewu engu-3-5 ibekwa emgodini owodwa ohlangothini oluyicaba.
Emgodini wokutshala faka imbewu eminingana yekhabe
- Fafaza imbewu ngomhlaba, kancane uswayiphu, kepha ungamanzi, ukuze umhlabathi ungabikhona, okwenza kube nzima ukumila imbewu.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ikhabe, umgodi wokufika umbozwe umhlaba futhi unyathelwe kalula
Imbewu eminingana emthonjeni owodwa itshalwa ukuze ishiye esinye sezithombo ezinamandla kakhulu ngemuva kokuhluma bese isusa okusele.
Lapho utshala ikhabe enhlabathini evulekile, kulandelwa iphethini ethile. Okulandelayo kuvamile: ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa 2 m, phakathi kwezimbobo ngokulandelana kuyinto 1 m.
Amakhabe atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngokwendlela elandelayo: 2 m phakathi kwamarowu, 1 m phakathi kwezimbobo
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-watermelon emhlabathini ovulekile
Eluyeni
Umklamo ohlaza okotshani wokutshala amakhabe kungaba yifilimu, ingilazi noma i-polycarbonate. Isimo esikhulu lapho kufanele ihlangane khona ukuphakama okungaba ngamamitha ayi-2. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-watermelon iyavela njengoba ikhula, futhi endaweni evaliwe yakhiwe ibunjiwe, ihlanganiswe ne-trellis. Ukwakhiwa kufanele kube sendaweni evulekile ngaphandle kwezinto ezivimba ukufinyelela kwelanga.
Ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe kulungiswa kwe-greenhouse. Okokuqala, ukwakhiwa kuyabhekelwa umonakalo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle (ukuqhekeka kwamafilimu, ukuqhekeka, izinkinga zokukhanyisa, njll.). Uma kukhona, yenza ukulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuphatha abamba ukushisa nge-sulfate yethusi (100 g nge-10 l lamanzi).
Ngaphambi kwesizini entsha, lo greenhouse kumele ulungiswe, okungukuthi, ugezwe futhi uphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kungcono ukukwenza ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phawula imibhede ngobubanzi obungaba yi-1 m ubude beleso sakhiwo. Njengomanyolo, utshani buyabekwa, umquba ojikelezayo onesendlalelo esingaba ngu-30 cm, iziqongo kusuka engadini. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ama-humus angafakwa emhlabathini ngokufakwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali. Ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, akuphume endaweni ukufaka ibhakede lesihlabathi somfula 1 m² ugaye inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, umhlaba kufanele ufudumale ngokwanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, susa ungqimba lomhlabathi olingana nobude be-bayonet yefosholo, ubeke ingxube ye-humus kanye ne-hay (utshani), bese uchitha amanzi ashisayo ngobuningi. Phezu komcamelo onjalo kwakubekwe umhlabathi owawususwe ngaphambili. Ngokushisa okungcono, imibhede ingambozwa ngefilimu emnyama.
Kungcono ukwenza ukulungiswa kwemibhede yamakhabe ku-greenhouse ekwindla bese wenza umanyolo ofanele
Ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, amakhabe atshalwa, kuya ngokuthi kumiswa nini amazinga okushisa aqinile, ngoba inhlabathi kumele ifudumele kuze kufike okungenani ku-15 ° C. Kulesi sifunda, isikhathi sokutshala isivuno endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwehla, njengomthetho, ngo-Ephreli. Uma umklamo ufakelwe ukufudumeza nokukhanyisa okwengeziwe, khona-ke ukufika emhlabeni kungenziwa ngenyanga ngaphambili. Ukutshala izitshalo, kwenziwa izimbobo ezingashoni, lapho kubekwa khona izithombo ezimbili: isigaxa seedling kufanele sibe yi-1 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.Ukugwema ukulimala ezimpandeni, amahlumela avela ezitsheni zokutshala kumele asuswe ngokucophelela.
Ukufakwa emanyeni kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukile:
- Kwakhiwa isigaxa esingaba ngu-20 cm ukuphakama nama-50 cm ububanzi embhedeni onobubanzi obungu-90 cm. Uma izitshalo zitshalwe emgqeni owodwa, khona-ke ibanga elingama-50 cm lenziwa phakathi kwezimbobo. Le ndlela yokutshala izoba yanele ekuluhlaza okuluhlaza.
- Kukhona nendlela yemigqa emibili, lapho izithombo zigxunyekwe nebanga phakathi kwezimbobo ezingama-70 cm.
Ividiyo: ukutshala ikhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ukunakekelwa Kwemanzi
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle salesi sitshalo se-melon, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa kokubili endaweni evulekile nakumbamba oluhlaza.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunakekela isivuno kuhla namasu anjengokulima, ukutshala, ukufaka umanyolo nokwakha isihlahla.
Ukuvula amandla
Enye yezimo zokuthola isivuno esihle esifundeni saseMoscow inhlabathi evulekile kanye nokungabikho kokhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhula luyasuswa, bese izithombo zihlukaniswa amaqabunga e-cotyledon.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kwemvula noma ukuchelela ukuze kungabi nokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba komoya ezimpandeni kwenziwa ngcono.
Ukunisela
Ngokuqondene nokunisela, kwenziwa kanye ngeviki, besebenzisa amabhakede amathathu amanzi nge-1 m². Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza, 2 ukunisela okunjalo ngeviki kuyenziwa, ngenkathi ngokunisela inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo naphakathi kwemigqa. Ngemuva kokufaka umswakama izitshalo, kunconywa ukuthi kube ngo-mulch, okuzogcina umswakama futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kokhula. Lapho izithelo zikhula, ukuchelela kancane kancane kuncishiswe futhi kumiswe ngokuphelele amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
Ama-watermelons kufanele aniselwe kanye ngesonto, achitha amabhakede amathathu amanzi nge-1 m²
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amakhabe anikwa izikhathi eziningana. Ekukhiqizweni ngakunye, ilitha linye lesisombululo kufanele liwele emthini owodwa. Isonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, uyaniselwa ngesakhiwo esilandelayo, esilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi:
- I-40-50 g ye-superphosphate;
- 30-35 g we-ammonium sulfate;
- 15-20 g kasawoti we potassium.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwemivimbo ye-watermelon, izitshalo zondliwa ngesisombululo esifanayo, ukukhipha umanyolo we-potash kanye ne-phosphorus. Phinda ufake umanyolo ehlathini lapho kuqala ukwakhiwa kwama-ovari, lapho zilungiselela khona isixazululo salezi zingxenye:
- 20-25 g we-ammonium sulfate;
- 10 g ye-superphosphate;
- 35 g kasawoti we potassium.
Ukuqanjwa kufakwa emiseleni ehlelwe ngaphambilini ebangeni eli-15-20 cm ukusuka ezitshalweni.
Okuqukethwe okuphansi komanyolo we-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokudla kokugcina kuzofaka ukunqwabelana kwama-nitrate ku-pulp yamajikijolo.
Ividiyo: ukuchelela nokondla amakhabe endle
Ukwakheka
Ukuthola izithelo ezikhudlwana, ama-watermelon bush kufanele akhiwe kahle. Inqubo icindezela amahlumela futhi yenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Phina isiqu esikhulu ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-6. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukukhula kwamahlumela okwakhiwa kuwo, lapho amaqanda okuzokwakheka khona.
- Phina amaphuzu wokukhula amahlumela, lapho ama-ovari akha khona. Esihlahleni esisodwa ungashiyi izithelo ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinkulu futhi ezivuthiwe zekhabe, kuyadingeka ukuqeda isihlahla ngokunembe nangesikhathi esifanele
Ehlelweni lokwakha isihlahla, udinga ukubheka futhi ususe ngesikhathi esifanele izinyathelo ezengeziwe. Uma ihlumela selikhule ngokuqinile, khona-ke awudingi ukulikhipha - kungcono ukulinquma.
Indodana yokutholwa yokuphunyuka eyakheka emgqeni weqabunga.
Lapho wenza isihlahla se-ikhabe, kuyadingeka ukususa izimbotshana ezivela ku-sinus yamaqabunga (esithombeni, isibonelo, isihlahla samatamatisi)
Ividiyo: ukwakhiwa kwamakhabe enkundleni evulekile
Endlini eluhlaza
Ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, ukunakekela ikhabe akukho nzima, kepha ezinye izingqondo kufanele zibhekwe.
Ukunisela
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amakhabe adinga ukuthambisa, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu sishisa, isisindo esiluhlaza siyakhula, ukuqhakaza kuyaqhubeka nezithelo ziyaqala ukwakhiwa. Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi, kepha hhayi ukweqisa, i.e. ukumiswa kwamanzi kufanele kugwenywe. Ekuqaleni kokubekwa kwezithelo, inani lokunisela liyancipha libe yisikhathi 1 emavikini ama-2. Lapho kwakhiwa isithelo esikhulukazi sama-apula, ukunisela kuyamiswa ngokuphelele.
Ukuchelela ngokweqile kwenza ikhabe libe ngaphansi kokwenza ubumnandi, ngakho-ke ngoJulayi cishe awunamanzi.
Lapho ukunisela kumiswa, kunconywa ukuthulula ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo ukufudumeza okungcono kohlelo lwezimpande.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amakhabe adinga ukunisela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza, ukuqhakaza nokuhlelwa kwezithelo. Inketho enhle yalezi zinhloso ukukhipha amanzi
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ku-greenhouse, ikhabe londliwa kaninginingi:
- lapho ufinyelela ubude obungu-25 cm;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
- ngesikhathi kwakhiwa i-ovary.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate (20 g) ehlanjululwe emanzini (10 l) njengomanyolo. Ngokungezelela kumanyolo wezimbiwa, ungasebenzisa i-organics, isibonelo, imidwebo yenkukhu. Isixazululo sezakhamzimba silungiswa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10 futhi silelwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisodwa se-0,5 l.
I-watermelon yondliwa kaningana ngesikhathi sokukhula, ongasebenzisa ngaso zombili umanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo, ngokwesibonelo, imithamo yenkukhu
Ukushisa
I-watermelon emhlabathini ovaliwe uzizwa kahle ekushiseni kwemini + 30 +С kanye nobusuku bokushisa + 20˚С. Ukuze uvimbele ukubuyiselwa kwemali, i-greenhouse kumele ingene umoya ngenkathi kugwenywa okusalungiswa.
Ukwakheka
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, izinsiza ekuphikiswana ngazo kudingeka zakhiwe. Inketho elula ukukhulisa ikhabe ngesiqu esisodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ihlumela eliyinhloko liqondiswa phezulu ezintanjeni, futhi lonke eliseceleni liyasuswa. Izilungiselelo zezithelo zenzeka esiqwini esiphakathi. Phusha ihlumela eliyinhloko, ushiye amaqabunga ama-5 ngemuva kwezithelo ezingenhla. Inani le-ovary esele lincike ezinhlobonhlobo nasendaweni yokutshala. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ungashiyi amaqanda angaphezu kwamathathu, ngoba inani elikhudlwana lingahle lingavuthwa. Inani lamajikijolo angashiywa anqunywa ngamandla.
Ku-greenhouse, ikhabe lenziwa kuphela isiqu esisodwa, isb. Lapho izithelo zakhiwa kuphela kusihluthulelo esiyinhloko
Kukhona indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakha ikhabe enhlabathini evikelekile:
- Ukudubula okuphakathi kukalwa ngentambo kuya ku-trellis.
- I-Bana encane ye-stepson encinci ekuqaleni kwentuthuko.
- Amahlumela lapho izimbali zabesifazane zingazange zakha amaqabunga angama-6-7 ziyasuswa.
- Sivela ngezimbali zabesifazane, isb. Esinamaqanda, ipinki, sibuyisa amaqabunga angama-2-3 kubo.
- Akusekho zithelo ezingaphezu kwesithathu esiseleni esisodwa.
- Cindezela isiqu esiyinhloko, usuka ekhasini lokuqala lamahlamvu ayi-5.
Ngale ndlela yokwakheka, ama-ovari akhiwa emahlumela aseceleni.
Ividiyo: ukwakhiwa kwamakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa
//youtube.com/watch?v=ac0RDKtyP5o
Ukungcola
Uma kungenazinkinga nge-impova endaweni evulekile, khona-ke endaweni yokubamba izithombo kunconywa ukuthi wenze le nqubo ngokwakho, ngoba ngamafasitela nangeminyango evulekile izinambuzane zingahle zingangeni. Ukuze benze lokhu, baklebhula imbali yesilisa, baklebhule amacembe ayo bese beyincika kaningana ezimbalini zesifazane (ama-anthers on the stigma). Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lingawi phansi + 12˚С, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube khona umphumela wokuvundiswa.
Izimbali zabesilisa ziqhakaza kuqala ekuseni bese "ziphila" ngamahora ambalwa nje, nezimbali zesifazane zezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane ziyehluka ngokubukeka: insikazi incane ngosayizi ngakho ungaqala ubone isibeletho esincane
Izifo nezinambuzane zamakhabe
Ama-watermelons, njengezinye izilimo eziningi zasengadini, adalulwa yimiphumela emibi yezifo nezinambuzane, futhi ukuze uthathe izindlela zokulawula ezifanele udinga ukwazi ukuwahlukanisa.
Izifo
Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi banaka kakhulu ukunaka kwabo ngosayizi nenani le-ovary, hhayi isimo sesitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhathi zokutheleleka kweziguli ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-fusarium, anthracnose, ukubola kwezimpande, njll., Kuyaphuthelwa.
Anthracnose
Lesi sifo fungal senzeka nomswakama ophezulu. Athintwa yingxenye yesitshalo, iziqu ziba buthaka. Izithelo ezithelelekile azikhuli, ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye nokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka ngenxa yokwehliswa ushukela kuyabonakala. Kuvela amabala ebusweni bekhwapha, nezilonda ezihlahleni. Kwisimo sezulu esimanzi, i-lesion imbozwe ngentambo epinki. Njengesilinganiso sokulawula, amakhabe ayaluka ukhula futhi asuse izingxenye ezigulayo zesihlahla. Kucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa uketshezi lweBordeaux (1%).
I-Anthracnose ibonakala njengezindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni nakwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo.
I-Fusarium
Lapho itheleleke ngalesi sifo, ikhabe liyahlupheka bese libuna. Ezitshalweni ezilimele, amaqabunga amancane nezithelo ziyabonakala. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, izimpande ziba mnyama, neziqu ezisekelweni zibolile, amaqabunga ajika aphuzi, bese omile bese ewa. Lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu womhlaba, izinga lokushisa eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka- + 17 ° C) noma ubuthakathaka bezitshalo. Izenzo zokwelapha zenziwa ngama-Vitaros, Fitosporin, Trichodermin.
Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo sokuthanda nokuvinjwa kwezitshalo. Amabhasi athintekile abonakala ngamaqabunga amancane nezithelo.
Ukubola kwezimpande
Lesi sifo sibangelwa isikhunta esihlala emhlabathini. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthuka kwayo ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukunakekelwa okungafanele nokunisela ngokweqile. Umphumela uba ukuqina nokuqhekeka kwempande. Amacembe ezitshalweni ezinesifo aphenduka aphuzi bese kancane kancane ayaphela, okuholela ekufeni kwesihlahla. Ukuvimbela, ukuthambisa ngokulingana ngamanzi afudumele kufanele kuqashelwe. Isonto ngalinye, intamo yezimpande ifafazwa ngamalahle ocashile noma ushoko oluyimpuphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutsaliwe kunconywa ukuthi kufafazwe ngeFundazole (0,1%). Uma isitshalo sithinteka kakhulu, kufanele sibhujiswe.
Ngokubola kwezimpande, kuphuzi amaqabunga nokufiphala kwawo kwenzeka, okuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo
I-Powdery hlobo
Akunzima ukubona ukuthi isihlahla satheleleka ngale hlobo lwesifo sokukhunta: amabala ngohlobo lwenhlanganisela emhlophe avela emaqabunga, iziqongo zamahlumela namaqanda. Isikhunta endaweni sithwalwa yimvula, umoya nokuxhumana ngqo phakathi kwezitshalo. Uma amabhasi amancane etheleleka, khona-ke avele afe. Izithelo ziwonakalisiwe, zinambitheka ezingemnandi futhi zivame ukubola. Udinga ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokususa izingxenye ezinegciwane futhi welaphe nezidakamizwa ezinjengeBayleton, iTopaz, iTiovit Jet, i-Planriz.
Nge-Powdery isikhutha, emhlophe, grey noma inhlanganisela epinki ivela emaqabungeni ezitshalo, emva kwalokho amahlamvu abuna futhi ome.
Izinambuzane
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zamakhabe nezinye izinhlobo zamantshontsho kungama-wireworms, amagubu, ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, izimpukane eziqhuma.
Ama-aphid amnandi
Lesi sinambuzane sihlala phezu kwesiqu sezitshalo kuwo wonke amakoloni, futhi sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulimaza ikhabe, kuncela ubisi kusuka emitshalweni, okuholela ekufeni kwezimbali namaqanda. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthuka kwezinambuzane zimanzi nesimo sezulu esifudumele. Le mpi iyehla ekususeni njalo ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo. Lapho kuhlasela ama-aphid, kusetshenziswa izinambuzane ezilandelayo: Commander, Mospilan, Inta-Vir.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaphuthelwa i-aphid ekhwameni, ngoba lesi sitshalo simbozwe yilezi zinambuzane
Umhlonyane
Ama-Wireworms izibungu zamabhungane ama-nutcracker. Balimaza kakhulu uhlelo lwezimpande, ngenxa yalokho isitshalo soma ngokuphelele noma ngokuphelele. Ungabhekana nenkathazo ngokuhlela izicupho embhedeni, okungamabhange agcwele amabhungane, amazambane noma izaqathi ezisikwe izingcezu. Izicupho ezinjalo zithathelwa indawo ezintsha ka-2-3 ngesonto. Isilinganiso sokulawula ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anjengo-Provotox, Thunder-2, Diazonin, kepha kungcono ukukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwalamakhemikhali ngenxa yemiphumela yawo emibi emhlabathini nakwisilimo.
I-wire ilimaza uhlelo lwezimpande lwekhabe, okuholela ekumeni kwesitshalo ngokuphelele noma ngokuphelele
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Izimpawu zokubonakala kwesibulala-zinambuzane esithelweni ngamachashazi amaningi ansundu ngemuva kweqabunga, akhula kancane ngosayizi. Ezimbali ezazingenaso isikhathi sokuqhakaza, kanye nama-ovari naseziqongweni zamahlumela, kwakuyizifomu zewebhu zesigcawu. Isitshalo esithintwe umkhaza siphenduka siphuzi, siyoma bese sifa. Ukulawula inkathazo, ama-acaricides asetshenziswa (Apollo, Neoron, Actofit, Actellik).
Isikhala sesicabucabu singatholwa yiwebhusayithi enobuntu emuva kweqabunga
Hluma ukundiza
Izibungu zesithombo ziyahlukumeza ukulimaza okukhulu kwikholoni. Zingenela igciwane elihlumile, ngenxa yalokho kulimala ama-cotyledon kanye nokubola kwezithombo. Ukuze uvikele futhi uchithe amaqanda azungeze umhlaba, inhlabathi ibiwa ekwindla ikhululwe ngentwasahlobo. Ukuze uvikele imbewu, kunconyelwa ukuba cwilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwikhambi le-Fenturiam. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufakelwa, izithombo zifafazwa nge-Spark Bio. Uma izimpawu zokuvela kwezinambuzane zitholakele, ama-insecticides afanayo nokulawulwa kwe-aphid kufanele asetshenziswe.
Izibungu zegciwane zilimaza imbewu kanye nohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo
Ukuvuna nokugcina ikhabe
Ukuze ikhabe libe nokunambitha, kufanele livuthwe kahle, okungukuthi, selivuthiwe. Lokhu kunganqunywa yisigaxa sokomisa kanye nomsindo oshubile lapho uthepha lo mbungu. Esifundeni saseMoscow, isikhathi sokuvuna esifanele sisekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuhlelwa ukugcina ikhabe, ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngamagilavu, ngaphandle kokulimala ebusweni amajikijolo. Kungcono ukugcina izinhlobo zakamuva zesitoreji. Ngokukhetha okulungile nefomu lonke, kanye nokwakha izimo ezinhle, i-berry lingagcinwa izinyanga eziyi-1-5.
Ukuvuthwa kwekhabe kunqunywa yisigaxa sokomisa kanye nomsindo omfushane lapho uthepha lo mbungu
Indawo yokubeka kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- izinga lokushisa njalo + 5-8˚С;
- umswakama 60-80%;
- ukuntuleka kokukhanya;
- ukujikeleza komoya.
Endlini yangasese, indawo enjalo ingaba yisitezi esingaphansi komhlaba, i-Attic, igalaji, umpheme. Ezimweni zokuhlala efulethini, ukugcinwa kungenzeka ku-loggia ekhazimulayo, endlini yokugezela, i-pantry.
Ukucabanga ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani ikhabe, udinga ukuzijwayeza izindlela ezingasetshenziswa:
- Kufakwa amajikijolo emanethini ngendwangu yangaphambi kokugoqa.
- Ukuhlanganisa ingaphezulu lekhabethe ngephalafini noma nge-wax engxenyeni eyi-1 cm, okuzonqanda ukwakheka kokubumba.
- Ukubeka umsila wezithelo phansi ebhokisini ngomlotha noma ngesihlabathi esomile.
- Ukwehlukaniswa kwezithelo komunye nomunye ngotshani. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube nokuxhumana nendawo enzima, okuzobeka eceleni ukulimala esikhunjeni futhi kuzoba nomthelela ekufakweni komswakama ngokweqile.
Ividiyo: ungayigcina kanjani ikhabe
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele, ulandela imithetho namasu wokulima okukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi wonke umlimi angathola isivuno sekhabe esifundeni saseMoscow. Ekuqaleni lo msebenzi ungahle ubonakale unzima, kepha ngokwenqubo inqubo izoba lula futhi iqondakale, futhi amaphutha okungenzeka azoncishiswa.
