I-watermelon emgqeni ophakathi nendawo: ungayitshala kanjani i-berry emnandi ngokwakho

Amakhabe amnandi kakhulu akhula emazweni ashisayo naseningizimu impela yeRussia, kepha afunde ukuthola izitshalo ezinhle ngisho nasemgqumeni ophakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi, esifundeni saseMoscow. Kuliqiniso, ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile kungatholakala kuphela eminyakeni evumelana kakhulu, ngakho-ke izithombo zivame ukulungiswa kusengaphambili. Imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kusiza ekutshalekeni kwamakhabe.

Izinhlobo ezinhle zamakhabe for the strip middle

Izinhlobo zamakhabe zihlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ngokuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuvuthwa kokufika sekwephuzile. Akungabazeki ukuthi kukhula izinhlobo zokukhula sekwephuzile (ezifana neNtwasahlobo, i-Icarus, iHolodok, njll.) Kulayini ophakathi nendawo, okuvuthwa okuphakathi kwesikhathi kungatshalwa kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kanti amakhabe angavuthwa angatshalwa emhlabathini ongavikelekile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba ovulekile

Encwadini Yombuso Yezwe Wokuzala Kwempumelelo Yezwe LaseRussia akukho izinhlobo eziningi zamakhabe anconyelwe isifunda Esiphakathi, kodwa abalimi abanomdlandla bakhula okungenani ishumi nambili. Phakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Spark - uhlobo oluvuthwa kusenesikhathi olwaziwa iningi lezakhamizi zasehlobo, selukhule amashumishumi eminyaka. Izithelo zincane (cishe ama-2 kg), ngezinhlamvu ezincane, inyama ithambile, yokunambitheka okuhle. Amagxolo mancane, apendwe aluhlaza okotshani, imivimbo ibonakala buthaka.
  

  Ukukhanya kuyabonakala kalula futhi kuthandwa kakhulu.

• I-Suga Baby (aka Sugar Baby). Kwirejista Yombuso kunombhalo wesincomo sokufika esifundeni esimaphakathi ne-Earth Black Earth, kepha uvuthwa ngempumelelo futhi kancane usenyakatho. Ayimelani namakhaza, i-Ultra-evuthiwe, ithela izithelo ngamajikijolo amancane, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg, umbala ojwayelekile kumakhabe amaningi. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, isivuno sihanjiswa kahle.
  

  Ushukela wosana ungenye yezokuqala
• I-Trophy F1 ivuthwa kungakadluli izinsuku ezingama-68, izithelo zidalwa kakhulu, zibushelelezi, zinesisindo esingu-8-11 kg. Umbala uphuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo ebanzi, ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kuhle kakhulu. Ama-watermelons ale hybrid athutha futhi agcinwe izinyanga eziyi-1.5, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu.
  

  I-Trophy - enye yama-giants phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala

Ungase futhi unake izinhlobo Victoria kanye Skorik.

Izinhlobonhlobo zegreenhouse

Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhulwe enhlabathini engavikelekile nazo zilungele izindlu zokugcina izithombo. Futhi kuyo ungaphumelela ukuthola izithelo zonyaka ophakathi, ngokwesibonelo, ingaba yiLezhebok ngezithelo ezinesisindo esingama-5 kg ​​noma amakhulu-izithelo (kuze kufike ku-10 kg) kwa-Ataman. Kodwa-ke, lapho betshala ku-greenhouse, bavame bakhethe izinketho ezincane ezinezithelo, eziqinisekisiwe ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu. Izikhathi zokuvula zibuye zikhethwe njengoba zimfishane ngangokunokwenzeka. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo kanye nzalo ekhonjwa:

• ICrimson Sweet yizinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ezivela eFrance. Isibonelo esisodwa sezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, kodwa ngokutshala okuluhlaza okotshani kuyaqabukela kwehluleka abalimi. Izithelo zombala we-watermelon we-classical, inyama ekrisimu, imnandi kakhulu. Igcinwe kahle futhi ihanjiswa, izinhlobonhlobo azimelani nezifo, futhi ibekezelela isomiso esibi ngokweqile.
  

  UCrimson Somnandi - umFulentshi osuse izimpande zethu emibhedeni yethu

• Umlimi uhlobo oluvuthiwe olusanda kuthola amajikijolo aphakathi nendawo (enobunzima obungamakhilogremu amathathu), luhlaza okotshani ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama eluhlaza. Uginindela ungobukhulu obuphakathi, ukunambitheka okuhle. Izithelo zigcinwa cishe inyanga.
• I-Joy F1 - ngesimo nangombala wezithelo, kanye nezindawo zabathengi zifana nesilima, kepha izithelo zincane, kanti inyama ayibomvu ngokugqamile, kepha ngombala onsundu omnyama. Ikhule ngempumelelo esifundeni esiseMaphakathi hhayi nje kuphela ngokugcina izithombo, kodwa nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
  

  UNonjabulo ikhabe likhula kahle kulo lonke greenhouse kanye ikhabe

Ngokutshala ku-greenhouse, ungaphinde ukhethe izinhlobo kanye nzalo:

• I-Ultra kusenesikhathi
• Cinderella
• I-Krimstar F1,
• Isipho enyakatho F1.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, amakhabe akhulayo akulula. Indawo yokulima kwabo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka iqala cishe ukusuka esifundeni esiseningizimu nesifunda Saratov (amakhabe amaRivne ayaziwa kakhulu) noma iVolgograd (Kamyshin). Ngemuva kwakho konke, indawo okwazalelwa kuyo amakhabe yi-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, kuba sobala ukuthi lolu siko aludingi umswakama ophakeme njengokushisa: yisitshalo esingamelana nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabe kufanele ikhanyiswe njalo yilanga: akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhule amajikijolo amnandi ngisho nasethunzini elilinganayo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhabe livama ukubekezelela ukupholisa, uma lingafiki eqandeni futhi lingakhiphi isikhathi eside. Akakhethi ngokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi. Izwa kahle kakhulu okhanyayo wesihlabathi esikhanyayo nge-pH ka-6.5-7, isabela kahle kumanyolo we-organic. Izimpande zamakhabe zingena ngokujulile futhi uqobo zikhiqiza umswakama, kodwa ngokunisela okwengeziwe okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo nokukhula kwezithelo, isivuno sikhula kakhulu.

Ikhabe linamabhushi abukeka emancane, kepha indawo yokudla umsoco ibalulekile, futhi lokhu kufanele kucatshangwe lapho ukhetha ingadi. Ukutshala okuminyene akwamukeleki, phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-70 cm.Kungenxa efanelekile uma kukhula egqumeni elincane emgqeni ophakathi nendawo: amanzi amaningi aqongelela ezindaweni eziphansi ayalimaza izimpande, abangele ukubola kwawo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esipholile.

Ama-watermelons adinga isikhala esiningi

Uma inhlabathi kule ndawo ingubumba, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze isihlabathi ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla, futhi uma une-acidic kakhulu - ushoko noma ufulawa we-dolomite. Inani lincike ekujuleni kwesimo: isihlabathi singafinyelela kubhakede eli-1 m², chalk - isandla esisodwa noma ezimbili. Njengomanyolo, kungcono ukuthatha ibhakede lomquba omuhle noma we-humus, kepha hhayi umquba omusha. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokugcina kombhede ngumlimi noma i-rake, engeza 1 m² imbiza yelitha yomlotha wezinkuni kanye ne-30-40 g ye-superphosphate. I-watermelon nayo isabela kahle kwizithasiselo ezincane zomquba we-magnesium (cishe i-5 g nge-1 m²).

Kungcono uma ikhabe litshalwe ngemuva kweklabishi, uphizi, u-anyanisi noma u -galikhi, akufanele uyitshale ngemuva kokudonswa kolwelwesi (utamatisi, amazambane, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda). Isikhathi esingaphezu kwesizini emibili elandelanayo, bazama ukungabeki amakhabe endaweni eyodwa.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Akunzima ukukhulisa izithombo zamakhabe ekhaya, yize abaningi bakhetha ukwenza lokhu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngama-greenhouse akhanyayo: efulethini alihlale likhanya ngokwanele futhi izinga lokushisa elidingekayo.

Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku

Ukutshalwa kwezithombo zamakhabe emhlabathini ovulekile noma okuluhlaza okotshani kuyokwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kokuhlwanyela. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukutshala enhlabathini engavikelekile ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo kugcwele ingozi: Izithwathwa zasebusuku zisenokwenzeka, okusho ukuthi imbewu idinga ukuhlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Isikhathi sokutshala ku-greenhouse sincike kwikhwalithi yaso, kepha noma ngabe yikuphi maphakathi no-Meyi lokhu kungenzeka kwenziwe, okusho ukuthi isikhathi sokutshala imbewu emabhodweni ukuqala noma phakathi no-Ephreli. Lapho ubala isikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi imbewu engalungiselelwe ingahluma izinsuku eziyi-10-12; uma zilungiswe kahle, izithombo zingalindeleka ngaphambili.

Imbewu ye-watermelon elilungiselelwe ihluma ngokushesha

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo

Ukuhlwanyela amakhabe ebhokisini elivamile akusizi, kudlulisa ukufakelwa kobuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga nje ukuthola amabhodwe ngamanye anesisindo esingu-250 ml kanye nokujula kuka-10 cm. Kungcono uma izinkomishi ezisebenziseka kabusha zinephansi elingabuyisekayo, ngokufanele - amabhodwe abilayo.

Ngokutshala izihlahla eziningana, inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo kulula ukuyithenga esitolo, kuzophuma kungabizi kakhulu kunokuzilungiselela ngokwakho, kepha kuthembeke kakhudlwana.

Ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu kunezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, isihlabathi, i-peat kanye nomhlaba omuhle ovundile. Uma kungekho-peat, ungakufaka esikhundleni se-chips ezikhuni ezinenwele. Uma izakhi zinomsuka ongabazisayo, ngemuva kokuxuba, inhlabathi kufanele ichithwe nesixazululo pinki se-potanganum permanganate, bese ukukwenza lokhu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ukubeka inhlabathi ezimbizeni, kufanelekile ukuthulula ungqimba lwesentimitha yesihlabathi esikhulu esihlanzekile ezansi.

Ngezithombo zamakhabe, kufanele ukhethe enkulu kunazo zonke zamabhodwe we-peat atholakalayo

Imbewu yeWatermelon igcina ukukhula kwayo isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuyithenga njalo ngonyaka, kodwa kufanelekile ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyelwa:

1. Okokuqala, kukhethwa imbewu enkulu kunazo zonke.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhishwa magciwane ngokufaka imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 kusisombululo esibi se-potanganum permanganate.
3. Ngemuva kokugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kuthunyelwa usuku ku-rag emanzi esiqandisini: ukuqiniswa komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo ngeke kulimaze, ikakhulukazi uma kukhule endaweni evulekile.

Okungcono kakhulu, uma imbewu igobile kancane ngaphambi kokuqina: igcinwa esiqandisini amahora angama-5 ngemisila ekhombisa ukungahambisani.

Uma imbewu ithembekile, awudingi ukwenza konke lokhu, kepha ukusheshisa ukuhluma, kufanele ukukutholela amahora amaningi emanzini afudumele. Ngokweqiniso, angikaze ngenze lutho ngembewu iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu yokulima; izitshalo ezomile zahluma futhi zaveza isivuno esihle.

Ukuhlwanyela Algorithm:

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi emabhodweni imunyiswe kancane uma ikwazile ukuphuma. Ungayinisela bese emva kokuhlwanyela.
   

   Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yekhabe, umhlaba uyanyiswa

2. Imbewu yeWatermelon ihlwanyelwa ngokujula kuka-2,5- cm, ifakwa ebhodweni lezingcezu ezi-2 (izithombo ezingeziwe ziyasuswa).
   

   Imbewu yeWatermelon ihlwanyelwa ngokujula kuka-2,5-3 cm

3. Ukunisela izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele, fafaza inhlabathi ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile nesomile somuda wamamilimitha ambalwa.
4. Ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, amabhodwe ambozwe ngengilazi futhi abekwe endaweni efudumele. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kune-25^mayelanaC (yize imbewu izohluma lapho kubanda kakhulu, kamuva kuphela).
5. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, amabhodwe kufanele abekwe ku-sill opholile, okhanyisiwe wewindows: ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-4, izithombo akufanele zivunyelwe ukwelula, kepha ekushiseni zizokwenza khona manjalo. Ngokuzayo, izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lisondele ku-22 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye no-18 ° C ebusuku.
   

   Ukuvimbela izithombo ze-watermelon kusuka ekunwetshweni, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-4, izitshalo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni epholile

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ngaphezu kokubheka izinga lokushisa elidingekayo, kubalulekile ukubheka ukukhanyisa: amahora okukhanya kosuku kufanele okungenani amahora angu-12. Uma iwindowsill ibheke enyakatho, kungakuhle uyihlomise ngamalambu, yikhanyise ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngokulingana, amanzi afudumele, ngaphansi kwempande.

Ukukhetha i-watermelon akwamukeleki: ngemuva kokulimazeka empandeni ephakathi, izithombo kungenzeka zingafi, kepha ngeke zithele izithelo ezinhle. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukufakelwa akunakufiseleka kakhulu futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kunesidingo ngezinyathelo zokuqapha ngokuphelele.

Izinsuku ezingama-8-10 ngemuva kokuqhuma, izithombo zingadliwa kancane ngesisombululo sanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo esephepheni) noma ngokufaka umlotha. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zishiswa engadini, ngezikhathi ezithile zivula amafasitela noma zithathe amabhodwe zibheke emgwaqweni. Izithombo ezinhle, ezilungele ukutshala, zingamahlahla avuthayo anesiqu esifushane esinzima namaqabunga amakhulu ayi-4-5.

Izithombo ezinhle zinamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu futhi aqhakazile

Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini

Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini engavikelekile kungenzeka ngokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele. Usuku kufanele okungenani lube ngu-15-20^mayelanaC, futhi ebusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-8^mayelanaC. Noma kunjalo, uma izinkomba ezinjengomgwaqo ophakathi ziphawulwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, umuntu akufanele acabange ukuthi lokhu kuyihlobo kanye namakhabe ezitshalo. Amakhaza azobuya, futhi kungcono ukulinda kuze kuqala uJuni. Esimweni esibi ngokweqile, ungangena, kepha uzilungiselele ukumboza okungenani okutshaliwe kwe-spanbond. Ifilimu yasePolyethylene ilungele kuphela isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Emhlabathini ongavikelekile, amakhabe atshalwa ngokukhululeka. E-melon yangempela, kwezinye izinhlobo phakathi kwezitshalo zishiya kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-3. Kumakhotela ehlobo lomgwaqo ophakathi naphakathi kokutshala izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe lokhu akudingekile, iphethini efanelekile ingu-100 x 70 cm, ezimweni ezibucayi - 70 x 50 cm. umlimi ojwayelekile:

1. Ezindaweni eziqokiwe, bamba izimbobo ngokujula kancanyane kunobukhulu bezimbiza ezinezithombo.
2. Kuthuliswa umlotha omningi emithonjeni, exutshwe nomhlabathi futhi inisele kancane.
   

   Izimbobo zenziwa kude kude komunye nomunye
3. Ukususa izithombo ngokucophelela emabhodweni (uma kungeyona i-peaty), yihlanyele ujule kancane. Izimbiza ze-Peat zitshalwa ngezithombo.
   

   Yonke imivimbo ephakathi kwezimpande neminye imibhede kumele igcwaliswe ngokucophelela ngenhlabathi.

4. Zigcwalisa i-voids ngenhlabathi, uthele amanzi afudumele ngaphansi kwempande, i-mulch ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile.
   

   Kuyadingeka ukunisela ngokucophelela, bese ulungisa isitshalo

Ividiyo: ukutshala ikhabe izithombo engadini

Ukukhulisa amakhabe ngokuhlwanyela imbewu engadini

Imbewu ye-watermelon imila kumazinga okushisa ayi-16^mayelanaC, izitshalo zifa ku-0^mayelanaC. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlela ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini engavikelekile noma embhedeni obamba ukushisa, udinga ukugxila kulezi zinkomba. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni ebamba ukushisa, kanye nokunakekela izitshalo kuwo womabili la macala kuhlukile kancane.

Ukuhlwanyela okuvulekile

Lapho ukhetha usuku lokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona umoya kuphela okufanele ufudumale kahle: ekushiseni kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-14^mayelanaNgembewu imila ngobunzima obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, emgqeni ophakathi, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu, yize kungenzeka ekuqaleni ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwezithombo, kwenziwa hhayi ngaphambi kukaMeyi 25. Ngenkathi zigoba futhi zikhuphuka, ukusongela kwesithwathwa kuzodlula. Kepha ukuhlwanyela imbewu okumile ngalezi zikhathi akukufanele: kukhona okungenzeka okuphezulu kokufa kwabo uma kwenzeka kuphola kungazelelwe. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu eyomile, nokukhwezwa kwayo - hhayi ngaphambi kwehlobo.

Imibhede ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo neyokutshala izithombo, ezindaweni ezifanayo balungiselela izimbobo, bethula umanyolo wendawo. Kungcwatshwa kuphela izimbobo ngomlotha, bese imbewu zingcwatshwa kubo kuze kube ngu-3 cm.Njengezithombo ezikhulayo, kufanelekile ukubeka imbewu engu-2-3 eduze kwazo. Izinsuku ezingama-5-6 emva kokuhluma, izitshalo ezedlulele ziyasuswa.

Imvamisa emgqeni ophakathi nendawo ahlomisa "umbhede ohlakaniphile": lapho bemba, baletha imithamo ekhuphukayo yezinto eziphilayo, bese bemboza ngefilimu emnyama, ngenxa yalokho umhlaba usheshe ukufudumala elangeni. Ezindaweni ezifanele, ukusikeka kwenziwa kwifilimu, lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona (ungalima futhi izithombo). Ifilimu ishiyelwa isizini yonke, kuthi ekuqaleni ibuye imbozwe ngombhede we-spanbond.

Ividiyo: ikhula embhedeni ohlakaniphile wamakhabe axhunyekwe ithanga

Ukuhlwanyela ku-greenhouse

Imibhede eluhlaza okotshani ilungiswa kudala ngaphambi kokutshala amakhabe. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kunesidingo esiphelele sokumba ekwindla komhlaba ngamanyolo nokuhlanzwa kwazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka ukufakwa komhlaba okuphelele uma kukhona izifo ezifikayo kuhlu lohlaza.

Kunconywa ukutshala noma yimiphi imifino noma ama-radish ku-greenhouse ngaphambi kwamakhabe. Bacishe babe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa maphakathi noMeyi, lapho kuzodingeka ukuhlwanyela amakhabe. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokuqala, bese kuthi ku-abamba ukushisa lapho udinga ukulungiselela izinto zokumboza uma kwenzeka ufuna.

Iphethini yokuhlwanyela ku-greenhouse iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingaphezu kuka-50 cm, akuvamile ukuba kuvunyelwe lapha. Izinhlobo zokuqala zamakhabe, abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela kabili emgodini, bese beqondisa imivimbo yamabhishi angomakhelwane ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngenxa yezikhala ezixinene, i-trellis ivame ukuhlelwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ikhulisa imivimbo ye-watermelon ngaphezu komhlaba bese ibopha amahlumela kwizisekelo kuqala, bese kuba nezithelo ezivelayo.

Inqubo yokuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa ayihlukile kuleyo evulekile.

Imvamisa ama-watermelon asebenzisa amakhabe noma ukhukhamba. Uma inketho yokuqala inengqondo ngokuphelele, khona-ke umbuzo uxoxwa ngamakhukhamba: bathanda umoya omswakama, futhi amakhabe asetshenziselwa ukukhula ezimeni ezinzima. Noma kunjalo, ukufika okuhlanganyeli okunjalo kungenzeka, kodwa ngokuzayo, inqubo efanelekile yokushisa nomswakama ku-greenhouse iyodingeka.

Embizeni eluhlaza okotshani, ikhabe litshalwe kwi-trellis

Ukunakekelwa okuningana

Ukunakekela amakhabe akukho nzima ukwedlula ukunakekela noma iyiphi imifino. Kuliqiniso, emsebenzini ojwayelekile (ukuchelela, ukukhulula, ukugqoka ngaphezulu), isidingo sokwakhiwa kwamasethi siyanezelelwa.Emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nohlaza abamba ukushisa, imicimbi iyafana, ama-nuances abalulekile.

Ukunakekelwa Kwemanzi Kwangaphandle

Ukunisela amakhabe ngaphambi kokumisa izithelo kuyadingeka ngokulingana, kepha inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Umswakama ubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu kwamaqabunga. Kuyadingeka ukunikela kusihlwa, kufudunyezwe elangeni ngamanzi, ngaphansi kwempande. Ngokukhula kwezithelo, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kakhulu, bese kumiswa: ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, inhlabathi iyoma futhi ukuze amakhabe athathe ushukela owengeziwe. Kuze kube lapho amaqabunga esekhulile, ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ibhubhise ukhula.

Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa emavikini ayi-1.5 ngemuva kokufakelwa, noma amasonto angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuvela. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-organic kanye nomlotha, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - umanyolo wamaminerali ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo. Ngemuva kwalokho zondliwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngaphezulu, kepha ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen engaphezulu, futhi ngokuqala kokukhula kwezithelo, okuphakelayo kuyamiswa.

Ukondla i-watermelon, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-organics, kepha umanyolo wamaminerali nawo kufanelekile.

Njengoba imishayo ikhula, zibekwa ngokulinganayo embhedeni, zizama ukungaphazamisi futhi. Amapulangwe abekwa ngaphansi kwezithelo ukuvimbela ukubola okungenzeka uma isimo sezulu singekho.

Amapulangwe abekwa ngaphansi kwamakhabe ukuvikela ukubola.

Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla kuhloswe ngaso ukuqiniseka ukuthi ayisebenzisi amandla ayo ekukhuleni kobunzima obuluhlaza ngokweqile. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezakhamzimba ezingenayo kufanele iye ekwakhiweni nasekuvuthweni kwesitshalo. Ama-ovaries angadingekile nawo ayasuswa, ngoba ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kakhulu isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukunikeza umsoco ophelele kukho konke okuvelile. Imisebenzi yokubumba yenziwa ngesimo sezulu elangeni ukuze izingcezu zome ngokushesha futhi zingaboli.

Ukuthena kanye nokufaka izitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ezinezithelo.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakheka kwezihlahla, ukukhetha kuya ngezici eziningi. Kwezinye izimo, bazama ukukhulisa isivuno esiqwini esiphakathi, basuse amahlumela asemaceleni aze afike phezulu. Kwamanye, okuphambene nalokho, cindezela ihlumela eliyinhloko cishe ngokushesha bese ukhula izithelo eceleni. Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, indlela eyodwa noma enye iyakhetheka. Indlela elula yilena elandelayo:

• azisekho izithelo ezingaphezu kwesithupha emithini, zinqume okweqile lapho zifika usayizi weqanda lenkukhu;
• ekudutshulweni ngakunye, yinye kuphela yezithelo eqinisekisiwe ukuthi ikhule esimweni sezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu nezimbili endabeni yezithelo ezincane;
• ngemuva kokuba izithelo sezitholile, i-apula ejwayelekile ayishiyi ngaphezu kwama-4-5 amaqabunga ngaphezulu kwayo, konke okuseleyo kokudutshulwa kuyanqunywa.

Noma sekwenziwe ukwakheka kwesihlahla ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwezithelo ezivela emaxekeni amaqabunga, izingane ezifika zingakabonakali, kufanele ziphulwe ngaso leso sikhathi, ngoba ziqikelela ukuthi zingalimazi imivimbo engujika ngokuziguqula.

Wonke amahlumela angeziwe kufanele aphulwe ngesikhathi

Izici zokukhula ku-greenhouse

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhulisa amakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa ziyefana nangaphandle. Kuliqiniso, kufanele uqaphe ngokucophelela umswakama kanye nezimo zokushisa: azina imvula endaweni ebamba ukushisa, futhi ingashisa ngaphandle kokushaywa umoya. Kepha, ngaphezu kwemicimbi ejwayelekile, kufanele unake amanye amaphuzu amabili.

• impova yokufakelwa kungadingeka. Uma izindawo zokulala zivaliwe kakhulu, asikho isizathu sokuthemba ukungcoliswa yizinambuzane. Umnikazi uqobo kufanele azihlomise ngebhulashi futhi, athathe impova yezimbali zesilisa ezisanda kuqhakaza, azidlulisele ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kowesifazane. Masinyane ngemuva kokufakwa komanyolo, amasethi ezithelo nokukhula kwawo ngokushesha kuqala, okungasizwa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamasonto onke ngamaconsi amancane omquba onzima, noma okungcono ngezixazululo ze-mullein noma ze-bird droppings;
• ku-greenhouse, amakhabe ahlala akhule ngokuqondile, akha amahlahla ngomshini kanyekanye wokusekela. Izithelo azilali phansi, kodwa zilenga emoyeni, futhi lapho zifinyelela isisindo esibucayi zingawa futhi ziphule. Ngakho-ke, amajikijolo asayizi wenqindi abekwa emanetheni athambile anoma iyiphi impahla eqinile, lapho izokhula khona. Ngakho-ke izithelo zikhanyiswa ngokulinganayo futhi zithola ushukela owengeziwe. Izinsimbi ziboshwe nge-trellis.
  

  Ema grid, amakhabe ayakhanywa kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izifo nezinambuzane ngokunakekelwa okufanele zivakashela le gourly kakhulu. Abafuyi ngezinye izikhathi benza ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuvimbayo, yize kumabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo, i-melon ifafazwa kaningana ngesizini.

Imvamisa, amakhabe athinteka yilezi zifo ezilandelayo:

• I-Powusy isikhutha: ibonakaliswa yizindawo ezimhlophe ezine-fluff, eziqala ukubonakala emaqabungeni, bese zihamba amahlumela nezithelo. Kushiya amahlamvu, amahlumela afe, izithelo zibolile. Izici zobungozi ziyabanda futhi zinamanzi. Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, ingozi yokutheleleka incane, kepha uma kwenzeka kugula, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngama-fungicides alula, ngokwesibonelo, uketshezi lweBordeaux;
  

  I-Powdery mildew kunzima ukungayiboni - amaqabunga ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe
• I-Anthracnose yisifo sokukhunta esivame ukutholakala ekutshaleni izithombo ezishisayo. Kubonakala amabala ansundu okobumba obuhlukahlukene kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Ngemuva kokwakheka kwamabala ezitsheni, aphenduka izilonda ngentambo ebomvana. Lesi sifo siyesabeka kakhulu ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukufaka umoya obamba ukushisa kakhulu njalo. Izindlela zokulawula - njengoba kunjalo nge-powdery isikhutha;
  

  Nge-anthracnose, amabala amaqabunga aqwebekile

• Ukutheleleka ngeFusarium kungenye isifo fungal esidala ukuthi isitshalo sithande. Iqhutshwa yimbewu nenhlabathi engakhiswanga magciwane, isakazeka ngokushesha, iholele ekubhujisweni okuphelele kokutshala. Kunezinhlobo zesimanje ezingamelana nalesi sifo. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukwelashwa kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwe-Previkur;
  

  Nge fusarium, isihlahla sonke siyabuna

• isifo se-mosaic - isifo segciwane, esibonakala ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amabala anemibala ehlukene, bobukhulu nosayizi. Amaqabunga omile, isitshalo sitsala ukuthuthuka, isivuno sehla kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okugcwele ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka, kepha ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo singavinjelwa kakhulu ngokufafaza iKarbofos.
  

  Lapho amabala enobuhle enemibala ehlukahlukene

Ukwelashwa kwezinye izifo ezivame kakhulu, umgcini wegadi kufanele abe ne-Fundazol noma i-Decis yokulungiselela, kepha isifo kulula ukusivimba, egcina ngokucophelela yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa ku ikhabe, kuvame kakhulu ukuzihambela:

• I-melon aphid yisinambuzane esincane esihlala kuwo wonke amakoloni: okokuqala kusuka ezansi kwamaqabunga, bese ihamba ihluma futhi iya phambili. Ifunca izijusi zezitshalo, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kuholele ekufeni kwayo. Ngokutholwa okufika ngesikhathi, usizo lwamakhambi esintu lusiza: i-infusions ye-mustard powder, uthuli kagwayi. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kuyadingeka ukufafaza nge-Iskra, Inta-Vir noma izinambuzane ezifanayo ezinamandla;
  

  I-aphid ebiquitous ihlala emaqabungeni kuyo yonke imikhakha

• i-spider mite kuqala iziveza ohlangothini olungaphansi lwamaqabunga njengamachashazi amnyama amnyama akhula ngokushesha. Lapho-ke zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zimbozwe ama-cobwebs, omile, isitshalo siyafa. Ukuvimbela nge-infusions yezitshalo zasengadini kuyasebenza kakhulu, kepha uma inkathazo isifikile, ukufafaza ngamayeza okubulala izibulala-zinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, i-Aktofit noma i-Aktellik;
  

  Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesibungu sesicabucabu, lesi sitshalo simbozwa ngama-cobwebs

• i-wireworm yisona sikhwanyana esifanayo esithinta amazambane. Isikaza izithelo, emva kwalokho zibolile. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi ivela enhlabathini ene-acidic. Indlela elula kunazo zonke ukusetha izicupho ngezithiyo ngokumelene ne-wireworm - izimbiza ezinezicucu zemifino. Hlola izicupho ngezikhathi ezithile, chitha izinambuzane. Izimila ezitshalwe endaweni enezimbali noma amaqabunga lwesinaphi ziyesabisa i-wireworm kahle. Ngokuhlasela okukhulu, kufanele usebenzise amalungiselelo we-Thunder-2, Provotox.
  

  I-wireworm iyaziwa kunoma yimuphi umlimi

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa isivuno se-watermelon ngesikhathi: izithelo ezingaphezulu kwesivuno azigcinwanga, futhi ezingavuthiwe zivunyelwe ukulanda kuphela. Izimpawu zokuvuthwa ziyaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, kepha kaningi azisebenzi ezandleni zamakhabe anolwazi: Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuze kube yilapho usika ikhabe, ngeke wazi ukuthi likulungele kanjani.

Ngesikhathi sokugcina, amakhabe cishe awavuthi: kuphela abacishe bakulungele bathola ushukela omncane kwifomu yokusika.

Izimpawu zokubonakala kokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo anemigqa:

• ingaphezulu le-matte lekhasi liyacwebezela;
• ukuqina kuqina, akulinyazwa yipikili;
• Isiqu somile;
• indawo ebala ophuzi ohlangothini ethinta umhlabathi;
• lapho uthephe, amakhabe okuvuthwa enza umsindo omkhulu.

Amajikijolo asikwa nge-secateurs noma ngommese obukhali, ashiye isigaxa sifinyelela kubude obu-4-5 cm. Izithelo zilethwa endaweni yokugcina lapho udoti othambile, ngobumnene, ngaphandle kokushaywa. Esitoreni banesendlalelo esisodwa, ngezikhathi ezithile zokuhlola. Izimo zokugcina ezifanele - izinga lokushisa elizungeze 7^mayelanaUmswakama ongu-C nomswakama we-70-85%. Impilo yasemashalofini yezinhlobo ezithambile kakhulu ayidluli izinyanga ezintathu.

Ividiyo: isivuno samakhabe emgqeni ophakathi

Ukukhulisa amakhabe enkabeni yeRussia kuyinkinga, kepha kuyaxazululwa ngokuphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo futhi usitshale engadini. Embizeni eluhlaza okotshani, ikhabe liyokhula impela, kodwa ekukhanyeni kwemvelo kuzoba mnandi kakhulu. Kepha ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile kwembewu emhlabathini ovulekile emzileni ophakathi kuyindawo yokudlalela izindiza, impumelelo yomcimbi incike ekutheni ihlobo lizoba lifudumele kangakanani.