Amagilebhisi angamaKishmish: ubumnandi basempumalanga etafuleni laseRussia

I-Kishmish iyigilebhisi elimangalisayo elingasetshenziswa njengezinhlobonhlobo zetafula futhi njengezobuchwepheshe. Ukunambitheka okumnandi okwejwayelekile ngamanothi angama-musky wabantu abadala nezingane. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko sezinhlobonhlobo ukungabikho kwembewu. Ikishi lingadliwa yizihlathi zombili ngaphandle kokwesaba imbewu. Yize zingenabungozi, zinambitheka ngokungemthetho okungekho abantu abaningi abakuthandayo. Futhi kusuka Kishmish ewusizo benza omisiwe owaziwa kakhulu.

Umlando wamagilebhisi iKishmish

Igama lalezi zinhlobonhlobo linezimpande zasePheresiya, futhi lizwakala limnandi, njengohlobo oluthile lobumnandi basempumalanga - Kishmish. Ngokuhunyushwa ngokuthi "amagilebhisi omisiwe." Ngokwemvelo, izwe lakulezi zinhlobonhlobo yiCentral Asia. IKishmish yaqanjwa okokuqala ngo-1212 kunenganekwane yase-Uzbek.

Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, amagilebhisi anezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu noma ukungabikho kwawo ngokuphelele avela endaweni yeCentral Asia. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuguqulwa kwemvelo. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kwabonwa ngabantu futhi kwaqhubeka. Umphumela womsebenzi obuhlungu kakhulu ukuzalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinamajikijolo amhlophe, apinki noma amnyama.

I-Kishmish - indalo eyingqayizivele yemvelo, abantu ababeyijabulela ngenjabulo

Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo

Igama elithi Kishmish lihlanganisa iqembu elikhulu lezinhlobo ezinezici eziningana.

1. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa ukushoda kwembewu ku-berry. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, imbewu isekhona, kepha incane kakhulu futhi ayithuthukiswanga kangangokuba ayizwakali.
2. Iqoqo leKishmish likhulu noma lixege amajikijolo amancane. Umbala uncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka - i-berry inesakhiwo esiminyene futhi inokulondolozwa okuhle.
3. I-pulp inokuqukethwe okushukela okuphezulu - kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-25%. Lokhu kwenza i-Kishmish ibe yi-berry ekahle yokwenza amajikijolo omisiwe.
   

   Okuqukethwe ushukela omningi, ukuntuleka kwembewu kanye ne-pulp eliminyene kwenza iKishmish ibe uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lokwenza owomile
4. I-Kishmish ingumvini owenziwe endaweni yonke, ngesikhathi esifanayo ungabangelwa izinhlobo zokudlela nezethebula. Amajikijolo angadliwa aluhlaza, omisiwe, kwenziwa newayini, ujamu obilisiwe.
5. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zingabavumbi abahle kakhulu.
6. I-Kishmish ingumkhiqizo wokudla owusizo kakhulu. Amavithamini kanye nama-microelements aqukethe kuwo asiza ukululama ngemuva kokugula okungathí sina, asekele izicubu zenhliziyo, futhi abuyisele ingcindezi kokujwayelekile.

Kulokhu, mhlawumbe, ukufana okujwayelekile kuyaphela. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuvuthwa okuhlukile nokuqandelwa isithwathwa.

I-Kishmish Radiant - ividiyo

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokukhetha, izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa zeKishmish manje sezingatshalwa hhayi kuphela eCentral Russia, kepha nasezifundeni ezibandayo kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu azifani ngombala nosayizi wamajikijolo, kodwa futhi nesethi yezimpawu.

1. IsiHungary Kishmish, noma isiKishmish 342 - inhlobo ethandwa kakhulu. Kucatshangelwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba kuthatha kuphela izinsuku eziyi-110 - 115 zokuvuthwa. Isitshalo sinamandla. Amajikijolo aphakathi ngosayizi, aluhlaza okotshani. Ubuningi beshashi busuka ku-300 kuya ku-500 g. Ipulpiti ithambile, inephunga le-musky. Ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta. Iphikisana neqhwa kusuka ku-22 kuya ku-26 ° C. Isetjenziswa njengohlobo lwe-dessert, olulungele ukomiswa.
   

   IsiKishmish saseHungary sibekezelela iqhwa elinzima

2. I-Kishmish Aksaysky iyinhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala, ungavuna isivuno kakade ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Amabhasi amandla aphakathi. Isixha sikhulu, sakhiwe ngendlela, sinesisindo esingama-500 - 600 g. Amajikijolo makhulu, okusaqanda. I-pulp ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhambisanayo ngephunga elikhanyayo le-nutmeg, okuqukethwe ushukela kuphezulu. Amajikijolo apendwe ngombala wepinki okhanyayo, kepha lapho esevuthiwe ngokuphelele aphenduka apinki omnyama. Ukumelana nokuthamba, i-oidium, elingamelana ne-grey bola. Iphrezentheshini kanye nokuhanjiswa kuhamba kahle.
   

   I-Kishmish Aksaysky imelana nezifo eziningi
3. I-Kishmish Century - eyahlukahluka e-USA ngo-1966, idumile emhlabeni wonke. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sisilinganiso - ngezinsuku ezingama-120 - 125 ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula. Isitshalo sinesihlahla esinamandla. Ama-bunchi wesimo se-conical, aphakathi ngokulingana, makhulu kakhulu - 700 - 1200 g. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okotshani, ovalwe ngesimo, enesikhumba esincane kodwa esiqinile. Ipulpula alilungile, lithe crispy, limnandi. Ukunambitheka kuyalingana, kunephunga le-natimeg, okuqukethwe ushukela 13%, acidity - 6 g / l. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana okuphezulu kokuqhekeka, okunikeza isethulo esihle. Kodwa ayigcinwa kahle kakhulu - amajikijolo athola ngokushesha i-tint brown. Ukumelana neqhwa - kumelana kuze kufike ku-25 ° C.
   

   I-Kishmish Century - izinhlobo ezidumile ezivela eMelika

4. I-Kishmish Radiant ukuphela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifakiwe kurejista Yombuso. Izindawo zokwamukelwa - I-Lower Volga neNyakatho Caucasus. Kungaba zezinhlobonhlobo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa okumaphakathi - izinsuku ezingama-125 - 130. Isihlahla esiqinile esinosayizi omaphakathi wamaqabunga amahlanu ahlulwe ngokuqinile. Ipuleti lamaqabunga liluhlaza okukhanyayo olunendawo ebonakalayo. Imbali bisexual. Ibhulashi elinamaphiko, elithandekayo, elinesisindo esilingana no-413 g. Ngokweminye imibiko, lingathola isisindo lifinyelela ku-1 kg. Amajikijolo anomumo we-ovoid ophakeme, nosayizi omaphakathi. Isikhumba esimpinki siminyene, inyama inambitha okuhle, inomzimba futhi inoshukela. Isilinganiso samakhosi siphezulu kakhulu - amaphuzu angu-9.1 (esikalini samaphoyinti ayi-10). Isivuno esijwayelekile singu-126c / ha. Ishaywe nguthambile ngamaphuzu ama-4, i-grey bola ngamaphuzu ama-3 (inkomba iphansi kakhulu kunejwayelekile), yi-oidium ngephuzu eli-1.
   

   I-Kishmish Radiant - umnikazi wokunambitheka okuhle
5. I-Kishmish Moldavsky iyinhlobonhlobo esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo; izinsuku ezingama-155 zidlulile kusuka ekuhlolweni kuya esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe. Isihlahla sikhulile. Amabhulashi makhulu, anesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-600 g. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi ayindilinga, isikhumba mncane futhi siqinile, onsomi okhanyayo ngokunamathela okuncane kwe-waxy. I-pulp inamanzi, i-crispy. Ukunambitheka kuyavumelana, kumnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana ne-isikhutha ne-phylloxera. Uma kungekho monakalo ku-grater yamaqabunga, khona-ke amajikijolo amelana ne-grey bola. Ibekezelela iqhwa phansi liye kufika ku-18 ° С. Ikhombisa ukuthutha okuhle kakhulu futhi igcinwa isikhathi eside.
   

   I-Kishmish Moldavsky - inhlobonhlobo engasabi ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa

Izici Zokufika

Ukutshala ngempumelelo amagilebhisi eKishmish kuqala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethwe ngendlela efanele, ngokwezimpawu zayo, efanelekile esifundeni sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithetho kufanele ibhekwe.

Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yanoma yiliphi lamagilebhisi isikhathi esibalulekile enqubo yokutshala. Isibonelo, iKishmish ngeke ikhule emthunzini omnyama. Akufanele ukutshala eduze kwezihlahla ngenxa yokuncintisana kwamanzi nezakhi. Ungafaki futhi izindawo ezinezinhlaka ezingapheli - amagilebhisi athanda induduzo. Ngokutshala le nhlobonhlobo udinga ukuthatha indawo efudumele futhi enelanga kakhulu, evulekela eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Indawo kufanele ibe isicaba noma ibe nomthambeka omncane.

Ukukhanya kwelanga - into eyingqayizivele enikeza iKishmish ubumnandi obumangalisayo

Ukufiphaza umdumba kuvunyelwe kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala yentuthuko. Njengoba iKishmish inamabhishi amade, umqhele wezithelo zomvini ezikhulayo ungalethwa kalula endaweni yokukhanyisa ephezulu.

Inketho enhle ukutshala isitshalo eduzane nodonga lwamatshe lwesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe - ugologo, igalaji elivala amagilebhisi ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe eduze kwendlu, ngoba ukuthambisa okuningi kungaholela ekuphazamisweni kwesisekelo.

Ngokuyinhloko, iKishmish ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Kepha isivuno esizinzileyo sizoletha kuphela inhlabathi evundile nenempilo, efudumala ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi inikeze uhlelo lwezimpande ukufinyelela okulula komoya-mpilo nomswakama. Inhlabathi e-Loamy and light loamy, chernozems emadwaleni aseCretaceous and calcareous anezimpawu ezinjalo. Ama-sandstones nawo angaba inketho enhle, kepha kufanele ucabangele amandla awo okulahlekelwa ngokushesha umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba.

Okungafaneleki esivinini kungumhlabathi onobuningi obungaphansi kwezimpande (indawo okukhishwa kuyo amadwala, etholakala ngaphezu komamitha ayi-1 ngaphezulu), izindawo ezinamamashiza nosawoti.

Lungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma ukutshala kuzokwenziwa entwasahlobo, bese uqala ukulungiselela isiza ekwindla.

• Hlanza indawo kusuka kuzimila namatshe, ukala ingaphezulu, ugcwalise izimbobo;
• Bamba inhlabathi ijule (kuya ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-65), ngenkathi usebenzisa i-humus ejikeleziweyo (3-4 kg nge 1 m²) no-100 g we-superphosphate. Izimbotshana ezinkulu zomhlaba azidingi ukwephulwa, izigaxa ezinjalo ebusika zizosiza ekubambeni imvula eningi futhi ziyoqhekeka ngasentwasahlobo;
• I-1-1,5 kg kafulawa we-phosphorite ungezwa enhlabathini we-acidic;
• ukwenza ngcono isimo somhlabathi wobumba osindayo, engeza itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi esiqhekekile ne-humus;
• inhlabathi evundile yesihlabathi ihlotshaniswa nekwethulwa kwe-peat, umquba ne-chernozem;
• uma kunzima ukugaya okuningi endaweni, sebenzisa isihlahla samathayiphu.

Ukumba isiza esikhethiwe ekwindla, ungaphuli imbobo yomhlaba, ebusika bayoziwohloka

Isikhathi sokufika

Ukutshala kweKishmish kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ezindaweni lapho izinhlobonhlobo zivela khona, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu, batshala ekwindla. Izithombo zitshalwe ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, kuye ngesimo sezulu.

Ngokwesibonelo seCrimea, ngingasho ukuthi ekwindla yisikhathi esikahle kunazo zonke sokutshala amagilebhisi, hhayi kuphela. Isimo sezulu esithandekayo, okuhlanganisa ukushisa nokuhanjiswa kwezulu, kudala leyo micimbi encane lapho uhlelo lwezimpande lukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.

Ezifundeni ezipholile lapho ekwindla kungaletha khona isimangalo ngendlela yamaqhwa angazelelwe, ukutshala kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo. Kepha udinga ukushesha kuleli cala. Inqubo le izophumelela uma isithombo samagilebhisi sitshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula, ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siphele. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kumele libe ngaphakathi kwe-10 ° C ukuze izimpande zingaholi. Njengomthetho, izimo ezinjalo zivamile ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi ekutshaleni kokuwa kwezithombo kwenziwa, futhi ukusika, isikhathi esihle kakhulu yintwasahlobo.

Omiswe batshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla

Ukukhetha Izithombo

Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo, umkhiqizo waso, kuya ngokuthi ukhetha kahle kangakanani izinto zokutshala.

1. Inqubo elula yokufakelwa ithathwa yizithombo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa kuya kwezingu-2 zithathwa njengezithandwa kakhulu.
2. Izimpande Kunomthetho owodwa - izimpande ezingaphezulu, ezingcono. Bona ukuthi azonakali, ziyavuvukala, ziyabhangqeka. Cela umthengisi ukuthi asike ucezu lwezimpande, uma ukusika kulula, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siyaphila.
3. IStam. I-Smooth, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokutheleleka namabala we-necrotic, ukuqina nokukhafula.
4. Thola. Kufanele ivuthwe, ingabi mncane, ibe nezinso eziningana.

Isithombo samagilebhisi kufanele sibe nohlelo oluhle lwezimpande futhi sibe nokukhula okungenani konyaka

Inqubo yokutshala

Kwambiwa umgodi wamagilebhisi onesiqiwu. Ukujula kwalo kungama-70 - 80 cm, ububanzi - 1 m. Amanani anjalo abangelwa ukuthi izimpande zesithombo zingakhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini evulekile, enikeza uhlelo lwezimpande nomoya-mpilo ofanele.

1. Ingqimba evundile, ethathwe ngesikhathi sokumba, ihlanganiswa namabhakede ama-2 - 3 womquba obolile noma i-humus, ama-200 - 300 g we-superphosphate, 100 - 200 g kasawoti we-potassium.
2. Ukusekelwa kuqhutshelwa ngaphansi komgodi oqinile bese kufakwa amanzi - izitini ezaphukile noma amatshe amakhulu.
3. Thela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi bese uyigcwalisa ngamanzi ukuze inhlabathi ihlale.
4. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokufika emhlabeni ,mba umgodi emgodini. Ukujula kwalo kufanele kube ngendlela yokuthi amehlo ama-2 kuphela abonakale ngemuva kokutshala ngaphezulu komhlabathi.
5. Izimpande ze-Sapling kufanele ziqondiswe phansi phansi.
6. Ngemuva kokutshala, isithombo siniselwa ngamanzi afudumele, ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini.

Indlela efakazelwe yokutshala amagilebhisi - ividiyo

Lapho utshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukunamathela kulesikimu. Phakathi kwezitshalo ngokulandelana kufanele kube 2, 5 - 3 m. Ibanga elifanayo kufanele ligcinwe emaphaseji.

Ukujula kokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi ngqo kuncike esifundeni sezulu nasekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kutshalwa izithombo ukuze isithende sisezingeni lama-50 - 55 cm ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Ezindaweni ezibandayo nasenhlabathini enesihlabathi - 60 - 65 cm.

Izici Zokunakekela

Ukusuka kokunakekelwa kahle Kishmish kuthola kanjani, ukukhiqiza kwayo kuya.

Ukunisela nokondla

UKishmish uthanda ukuchelela. Kepha ukuvama kakhulu futhi ukunganele kwevolumu ngeke kulethe noma yiziphi izinzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi kufanele icatshangwe, ngokwesibonelo, eyesihlabathi idinga umswakama omningi kune-chernozem.

Izithombo zidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Aniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu sishisa. Amabhakede amanzi amathathu kuya kwayi-4 kufanele athululwe ngaphansi kwesithombo esisha. Ukuze udonse umswakama ngokulinganayo, hlukanisa inani leli kwimithamo emi-2 - ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Izikhathi ezibaluleke kunazo zonke zokunisela amagilebhisi ukunisela:

• ukuqala kwezimila;
• isonto ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
• ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza;
• isikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwamajikijolo.

Amaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, ukuchelela kuncishiswa izikhathi ezi-2.

Kunezindlela eziningi ezamukelekayo zokunisela amagilebhisi, enye yazo ukudonsa.

Ukondliwa kufanele kube ngokulinganayo. Ukugqoka okuxutshwe kubhekwa njengokufanele iKishmish, ukushintshana nezinto eziphilayo kanye nomanyolo onzima.

Itafula lomanyolo

Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu ekwindla, ungenza umgquba noma umquba wokumba.

KwaKishmish kunconyelwa ukuhlanganisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali

Ukwelashwa kwe-Foliar ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yezitshalo

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza amagilebhisi aseKishmish, kusetshenziswa umuthi iGibberellin, osehlisa ukuwa kwe-ovary, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sikhuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa okuqukethwe kanye noshukela wamajikijolo. Ngenhloso efanayo, ungasebenzisa i-Ovary yezidakamizwa.

Izihlahla

Isithombo ngasinye samagilebhisi eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine yokukhula kumele sakhiwe. Ngaphandle kwale ndlela ebalulekile, lesi sitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukukhiqiza izilimo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi kuzoba nenkinga ukusinakekela.

Kishmish iqala ukusika entwasahlobo, kungakhathaleki isikhathi sokutshala. Njengomthetho, ifomu le-cordon lusetshenziswa kanye, kwesinye isikhathi ngemikhono emibili, okuvame kakhulu, ukuqondiswa endaweni eyodwa.

Ngokwalolu hlelo, kwakhiwa i-cordon ehlombe elilodwa

Ukuze ungalayisha kakhulu isihlahla, imvini eyi-10 kuye kwayi-12 ivunyelwe kumitha eyi-1 ukuphakama kwezitshalo. Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zinamandla, kwenziwa izihlahla ezinde ukusizakala - ukusuka kwamehlo ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi ezinhlotsheni zase-Eshiya, okuyisiKishmish okungokwakhe, ama-4 - ama-buds okuqala awanalo inzalo, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise ukufaka izihlahla ezinde kuwo. Ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kwe-shoot, qiniseka ukuthi wenze ngokwejwayelekile ngokususa ama-buds angenamakhaza kanye nama-inflorescence ngokweqile, kushiya amabhulashi ama-2 ihlumela ngalinye.

Mangakhi amehlo asike amagilebhisi - ividiyo

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu asikho isidingo sokuphephela amagilebhisi. Kodwa uma ukhulisa amaqabunga aluhlaza eCentral Russia nasenyakatho, khona-ke le ndlela yokunakekela kufanele yenziwe.

1. Ekwindla, ukhula lwezikhala zomugqa, njengoba ehlobo inhlabathi ihlanganiswa lapho futhi nemithombo yokugcina umswakama kuyo iyancipha. Inhlabathi eyithukululiwe ibamba kangcono futhi igcina umswakama.
2. Ngaso leso sikhathi, bhubhisa ukhula, izinambuzane zihlelwe kuzo ebusika.
3. Chitha umanyolo ngomanyolo we-potassium phosphate kanye nokunisela ngaphambi kwebusika ngesikhathi.

Amabhishi amagilebhisi amancane afukama ngaphambi kokuthela izithelo. Imivini ayithukulwanga, ibekwe phansi iphindwe ngephinifa yensimbi noma yokhuni. Ikhava ephezulu enezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe futhi ikhava nomhlaba. Ungakha amabhokisi we-plywood.

Imivini ekhishwe ekusekelweni iphonswa emhlabathini bese imbozwa ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Amagilebhisi aphilile kuphela angathela izithelo kakhulu futhi akhombise izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kumele kusondelwe nakanjani.

1. Ukubola okumhlophe. Kuqala, kukhalwa nezigaxa zezithelo zomvini ziyathinteka. Ngemuva kwalokho isikhunta sisakazekela kumajikijolo ngamanye, bese simboza lonke ibhulashi. Amajikijolo aba ngababulali, aphenduke abomvu bese ewa. Imivini egulayo imbozwe amabala ayindilinga, ihlanganiswe emaphethelweni ngensimbi emnyama. Ezindaweni ezithintekile, amagxolo amanzi. Esimweni sezulu esimanzi, ungabona izinhlayiya ze-pathogen - amachashazi anombala omhlophe. Bakha amajikijolo athintekile nezindawo zomvini. Le nkinga ihlala iziveza ngemuva kokushiswa yilanga, isichotho, isikhutha. Lesi sifo siyelapheka, ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-4% se-Bordeaux liquid, isixazululo se-5% seKaptan noma ukumiswa kwe-1% kwe-TMTD kuyizindlela zokulwa nakho. Ukuvimbela:
   • ukugcwaliseka kwezimo zezolimo;
   • kudingekile kakhulu ukuthola umbuso wokuthena izihlahla ukuze umoya wamakhasi ungene umoya futhi ukhanyiswe yilanga.
     

     Ukubola okumhlophe kungumphumela wokushiswa yilanga noma isichotho.
2. Ukubola okumpunga. Lesi sifo singenzeka kumajikijolo ekuqaleni kokubunjelwa kwawo. Kepha amagilebhisi aqale ukuwathela noma osuvele avuthiwe athinteka kakhulu. Amajikijolo ambozwe amabala ansundu, isikhumba siqhekeke phezu kwawo, kuvela umucu ompunga ompunga - ukuvela kwesikhunta. Uma ekwindla sekomile, khona-ke isikhunta sibanga ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukubola okuhle. Amabhulashi athinteka ngokubola okungwevu awalungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa. Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukhunta. Ngakho-ke, yonke imizamo kufanele iqondiswe kuzindlela zokuvimbela:
   • ukwephuka okufika ngesikhathi nokubopha amahlumela;
   • kunciphisa isisindo seqabunga ukuze amajikijolo afinyeleleke elangeni;
   • uphawu lokuqala lomonakalo, sonke isivuno kufanele sisuswe ngokuphuthumayo.
     

     Ukubola okumpunga kubangela amajikijolo avuthiwe

3. URubella Okokuqala, lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga. Kuvela amabala kubo ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, okuthi ke lapho kusabalale phakathi kwemithambo. Ezinhlotsheni ezinamajikijolo akhanyayo, athola umbala onsundu onomngcele ophuzi we-waxy ophuzi. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama, umbala wezindawo ungukukhanya okugqamile nomngcele ophuzi oluhlaza. Amahlamvu athintekile awomile futhi awele ngaphambi kwesikhathi. URubella ungaphumela ekuvinjelweni ukukhula kwamahlumela, ama-inflorescences kanye namaqanda. Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi kungashintsha kube kubi. Uma i-rubella ivele ngesizini edlule, khona-ke entwasahlobo, lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukubonakala, fafaza amahlumela ama-2 - 3 ngesixazululo se-1.5 - 2% seBordeaux noma ngo-0.5% weTsineba. Isikhathi sokusebenza phakathi kwezinqubo siyizinsuku ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-10. Ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kuyafana nangokuphikisana nesikhutha - 1% isixazululo soketshezi lweBordeaux. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi okufanele kuzosiza ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo.
   

   Iqabunga lamagilebhisi elithintekile eRubella
4. Leafloader. Imbabazane yamaqabunga ilimaza ama-buds, ama-ovari namajikijolo. Isikelemu esisodwa singabhubhisa kuze kube ngama-50 e-buds. Uma amajikijolo elimele, khona-ke ama-microorganisms ayingozi akhula kuwo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezithelo zokuqala zomuntu ngamunye, bese kuthi lonke ibhulashi. Izimvemvane, amabheyithi enziwa ngendlela yeziqukathi ezilengiswe phakathi kwezihlahla ukuphakama okungama-70 cm ukusuka phezulu kwenhlabathi. I-dreg evinjelwe ngamanzi ayi-1/3 ithululelwa ogibeni. Ngokulwa nezibungu, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngeVofatox (2,5 - 3 g yokulungiswa nge-1 m²) noma iMethylethylthiophos (15 g nge-10 l lamanzi). Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhipha indawo yokukhosela ebusika, hlanza amagxolo amadala lapho ukhuculula khona bese ulishisa.
   

   Amakesi angadala omkhulu isivuno

5. Iminyovu. Lezi zinambuzane, zikhangwa ukunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo, zonakalisa isikhumba sazo, ngenxa yokuthi amagilebhisi awakwazi ukugcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo alimele aqala inqubo yokubola, eqhubeka nezithelo zonke. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nokubi. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izicupho ezikhethekile nezithiyo ezinobuthi, ukubhujiswa kwezidleke. Kepha uma ubheka iminyovu njengezinambuzane ezilusizo, khona-ke izindlela zokulwa nazo kungenzeka zingabi zimbi kangako. Isibonelo, ungatshala izitshalo ezizungeze izivini ezinephunga njengeminyovu angavumelani nazo - iminti, umhalamu, ulamula. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, faka izikhwama ezikhethekile zokuvikela ezifakwe kusuka ku-tulle kubhulashi elikhethekile lamagilebhisi.
   

   Uma ufaka izikhwama ezikhethekile kumagilebhisi okulala, khona-ke akukho ma-asps asabekayo

Ukubuyekezwa mayelana namagilebhisi weKishmish

Ngithole umbono ngokuhamba kweminyaka - ngidinga ukukhulisa isibalo seLuchshy Kishmish. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi uphakathi kwabaholi abayishumi emhlabeni. Kimina kuyamangaza. Ukuthi angakwazi ukutshala izilimo, KODWA nginesikhwanyana esivela kumfowethu osebeni lweVolgograd reservoir (kukhona umswakama lidlula umswakama edolobheni kaningi futhi lapho i-ray ihlala igula khona.) ukuze ama-radiant aqhakazile athande isikhala nomoya ngitsho nokuswela umswakama.

I-PETR

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=1234034

Ukusuka kishmish ngabona futhi ngazama i-Kishmish radiant, Kishmish 342, Rusball neKishmish Zaporizhzhya. Lomagilebhisi akhula nami. Njengoba ngizama ukukhula izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa kuphela, ngeke ngibe nesabelo esikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, uPerlette noPhupho, ngenxa yobuthakathaka babo nokungahambi kahle kwesithwathwa, akubalwa nami. Amagilebhisi ama-radiada nawo, empeleni, awazinzi futhi akaqinile, iminyaka emibili angizange ngilinge ukuwutshala. Kepha lokhu kungubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphakathi kwe-sultanas, kwathi lapho ngibona inqwaba yamasentimitha angama-75 (amashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu!) Ngamabhulashi amahle kakhulu, nganquma ukuyikhetha. I-Kishmish 342 neRusball azikhathaleli futhi zimnandi, amakilasi ama-1-2 wokungabi nazici, isb. Ngaphandle kwezimbumbulu. I-Zaporizhzhya kishmish iqinile ngokuqinile futhi ayivikeli isithwathwa, kepha inomlingiswa onobudlova: ehlobo lonke ilwela wonke umzanyana ukulahla i-inflorescence futhi izame ukuvuthwa, izithwalise ngokwayo emonakalisweni wentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ivinjelwe njalo, iphule ama-inflorescence. Unesigaba sesine sokungabi nazimbewu - izihlonipho zingabonakala kakhulu (yize ngonyaka we-2008 bekungekho zimbumbulu). Ngokwezinzuzo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvuthwa okuhle komvini, ama-inflorescence amakhulu anempova enamafu. Ngitshale "abesifazane" abaseduze kwakhe (uDemeter, uVictoria, uSipho Zaporozhye) - baphumelela impova.

UVladimir Karkoshkin

//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66

Ngazama omisiwe omningi kakade. Iningi like i-Veles, i-Radiant ne-Century. Khuphula inani lamabhushi. I-Veles iphumelela kakhulu emakethe yethu: ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ukubukwa okuhle nokunambitheka okumnandi. Iminyaka emibili edlule bekulokhu kungenazo izimbangi. Uma ungalayishi ngokweqile futhi usika i-inflorescence yephiko lesithathu neliphezulu, uthola iziqu ezihlanzekile ezigqamile ezingaba ngu-1-1,5 kg, ezinamajikijolo anemibala ngokulinganayo.

UVladimir Karkoshkin

//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=1853.0

Ezinganeni, nakubantu abaningi abadala, ukukhafulela amathekela emgodini, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezixubile zihlala zifunwa. Ngifuna ukwethula wonke umuntu kwelinye iqoqo lami. Ujabule kakhulu kulo nyaka ngamagilebhisi omisiwe u-Aphrodite. Sengibhale ngaye. Kuzo zonke izimfanelo ezinhle, ngizonezela ukuzikhandla okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo. Umthwalo onjengo-Aphrodite wadonswa yizinhlobo ezimbalwa. Esihlahleni kwakungamakhilogremu angama-40 ngonyaka wesibili wezithelo.

USergiy

//citrusforum.org.ua/viewtopic.php?t=680

Ngentwasahlobo eledlule atshala imishini yeminyaka emibili yomisiwe yomifuno iLuchisty no-342. Lo nyaka sizovele sivune isivuno esincane ku-342, kodwa uLuchisty wakhula kancane ehlobo lonke lokugcina futhi ngenxa yalokho akazange avuke entwasahlobo. Ngimshiye ngethemba lokuthi kungenzeka abuyele ehlobo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi nakanjani udinga ukususwa.

Iscratte

//www.autosaratov.ru/phorum/threads/158249-All-inograd/page7

I-raisin, enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ithembekile ngokuphelele kulinywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafuyi bezokwakha izinhlobo ezinjengale zamagilebhisi abesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi banikeze izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngisho nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Amagilebhisi angatshalwa hhayi kuphela etafuleni lakho, kodwa futhi athengiswe, uma ukhetha izinhlobo ngamanani amahle wokugcina nokuhamba.