IMelon isiko elivela emazweni ashisayo, kodwa futhi likhula enkabeni yeRussia ngisho nasenyakatho. Kuliqiniso, endaweni evulekile, ukuthola isivuno esijwayelekile sezithelo ezimnandi kuya ngesimo sezulu futhi mhlawumbe hhayi minyaka yonke, ngakho amakhabe avame ukutshala ku greenhouse. Ukuvela kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izimbali kunikeze umfutho omusha kulokhu, futhi manje akukho lutho olungamangaza noma ubani onesivuno esihle sezithelo ezinamakha ezifundeni ezingafakwanga amajikijolo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhabe abamba ukushisa
Kuyiqiniso, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi kukhule amakhabe “angempela”, amakhulu, nephunga elixosha umuntu ku-greenhouse: ngoba lokhu, izithelo kufanele zisike ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo. Ama-greenhouse amakhabe ngokuvamile awakabi amakhulu, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ekuthini banambithe futhi babe nephunga. Izinhlobo eziningi ezenzelwe ukutshala ngaphandle zingasetshenziselwa izindlu zokugcina izithombo, kodwa kunezibonelo ezithile eziklanyelwe ngqo izindlu zokugcina izithombo.
Kunoma ikuphi, ezifundeni ezimaphakathi, ungazami ukutshala amakhabe sekwephuzile. Ukukhetha kufanele kukhawulelwe ezinhlotsheni zokuqala noma, ezimweni ezibucayi, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi. Amakhabe aqala ukuvuthwa alungele ukuqoqwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zohlobo lwe-polycarbonate phakathi ehlobo.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zenziwe esifundeni esithile, kepha azikho izibonelo eziningi ze-amakhabe izinhlobo zezindawo zezulu ezingashisi. Isibonelo, irejista Yombuso Yokuzalela Okufezekisiwe kweRussian Federation incoma kuphela inhlobonhlobo yePrincess Svetlana yendawo evikelekile esifundeni esimaphakathi. Unesikhathi sokukhula izinyanga ezingaba ntathu, izithelo zokungaboli zamakhabe acishe amhlophe ngombala, azungeze, anesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. I-pulp iwolintshi, inejusi, yokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, enephunga elimnandi nelikhanyayo. Izimbaza zigcinwa izinsuku ezingama-20, zithuthwe kahle amabanga amade.
IPrincess Svetlana ihluke ezinhlotsheni eziningi ngombala omhlophe
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, abahlali behlobo batshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezinye izinhlobo zesimanje kanye nzalo.
- I-Titovka ingenye yezinhlobo ezinengqondo kakhulu; isivuno sikulungele izinsuku ezingama-55-70 ngemuva kokuqhuma. Izithelo zivuzwa kancane, kuya ngezimo, zombili izinhlobo nezinsimbi ezinesisindo esingama-3.5 kg zingakhula, umbala wamagxolo uwolintshi. I-pulp imhlophe, inomzimba, yokunambitheka okuhle. Umelana nezifo ngezinga eliphakathi.
I-Titovka - izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezingezona izithelo ezincane kakhulu
- I-Krinichanka ibuye futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezinhle kakhulu: izithelo zokuqala sezimi ngomumo ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokuqhuma. Zi-oval kancane, enesisindo esingama-2 kg, ophuzi-owolintshi. I-Pulp enokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi, umbala wayo - kusuka eluhlaza okotshani kuya kokhilimu. Omunye wabameli abambalwa bamakhabe, okwazi ukukhula emthunzini oyingxenye.
I-Krinichanka iyavuthwa enye yezokuqala
- Igolide leScythian F1 liyi-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe, izithelo zivuthwa kungekudala kuneKrolinanka's, ziyindilinga, zinhle, zinesisindo esingu-1 kg, zinamagxolo aphuzi. I-pulp inomnandi, iphunga, imnandi, imnandi kakhulu. I-hybrid ibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nezifo.
Igolide lamaSkithe - ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuphezulu okuvunayo okuphezulu
- INadezhda iyinhlobo yokuqala yokuvuthwa engavimbani nenkathi yokukhula enezinsuku ezingama-70. Izithelo zingama-oval, umhlanga, wephuzi ngombala, enesisindo esingama-1 kg. Uginindela uthambile, usawolintshi okhanyayo, onephunga elimnandi. Ubuhlungu bumaphakathi.
UThemba akesabi ukupholisa, futhi isimo sakhe asilingani
- I-Muscovite imelana nokubanda ngokwengeziwe kuneNadezhda, isikhathi sokuvuthwa cishe sifana. Amakhabe mancane, kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 kg, okusaqanda kancane, okunenyama ka-orange. Ukunambitheka kuyashintshashintsha: izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthwe kakhulu zimnandi kakhulu, ziqoqwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zibe nokuqukethwe koshukela okujwayelekile, kepha iphunga loqobo lwalamula noma olintshi. Okubi ukuthi isivuno kumele sivunwe ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo zilahleka kakhulu kwikhwalithi.
- Umlimi ohlangeneyo - okuhlukahlukene kwaziwa yibo bonke. Ikhule kusukela ngo-1943 kuyo yonke indawo evulekile nasemagumbini okugcina izithombo, cishe kuzo zonke izifunda lapho amakhabe angatshalwa khona kuphela. Ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene kwesikhathi esiphakathi nendawo (izinsuku ezingama-77-95), ukumelana nokugeleza kwesimo sezulu. Izithelo zibushelelezi, ziyindilinga, zincanyana (0.7-1.3 kg), ziphuzi mnyama noma ziwolintshi. Uginindela umhlophe, umnyama, ukhakhayi, ubomvu. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, iphunga alinamandla kakhulu. Izithelo zigcinwa kahle futhi zihanjiswa.
Umlimi ohlanganayo uyizinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo, ezifanele kahle
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingenhla, amakhabe i-Amber, Solar, Original, Canary, Gallia, Ozhen nabanye banganconywa ngokutshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezinama-polycarbonate.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Umlimi wethu ohlanganyelayo uyavuthwa, kepha unambitheka kangcono eningizimu ... Uzizwa engcono endaweni evulekile noma egibeni eliphakeme lobulongwe ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela yefilimu yesikhashana.
UJulia//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1231&start=840
"UPrincess Svetlana" - uvuthiwe impela ekuqaleni.
I-Algam//otzovik.com/review_5757083.html
Ibanga le-melon elihle kunazo zonke "I-Titovka" 5+ Iqala kakhulu, inambitha, iphunga elimnandi, elimnandi, elinoshukela. Ukuvuna.
Amira//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=1821.0
Izinhlobo zethu zeKrinichanka zikhula kahle, kusenesikhathi, zilungele izifunda ezingezona ezaseningizimu.
Elena//greenforum.com.ua/showthread.php?p=126926
Kulokho akutshalile, ikhabe elinobuhlakani kunazo zonke laba yigolide leScythian, elimnandi kunawo - Iroquois, omkhulu kunabo bonke - u-Alina.
Fedor//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1231&start=585
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela lo abamba ukushisa
I-Melon idinga ukushisa okuningi nokukhanya, okumele kucatshangwe lapho ukhetha i-greenhouse. Kungalesi simo ukuthi abamba ukushisa nge-polycarbonate yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yomhlabathi ovikelekile. IPolycarbonate yipulasitiki enzima, engenamibala enokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwama-90%). Ungasindi, ugcina ukushisa ngokuphelele, kucutshungulwa kalula, ngenxa yalokho kukhiqizwa izithombo zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu. Phakathi kwezinto zokwakha zesimanje zokugcina izithombo, uthathwa njengongcono kunabo bonke. Ukungathandeki kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kungenye - intengo ephezulu. Emkhakheni wokugcina ukushisa, i-cellular polycarbonate isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi: izindonga zenziwe ngamapuleti amancane afana komunye nomunye futhi axhunywe ngama-jumpers.
UMelon ubukeka njengesitshalo esincane, kepha sidinga indawo enkulu yokudla okunempilo. Kumakhabe ajwayelekile, izitshalo zitholakala kude komunye nomunye, okungekho umlimi ongakwazi ukuzivumela ku greenhouse. Kuyadingeka ukufeza ukufika okuhlanganisiwe, futhi imivimbo yezitshalo kufanele ihlelwe kahle, ihlanganiswe kuma-trellises.
Kulokhu, ukukhethwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kukhawulelwe ekukhetheni okuphezulu: kuyafiseleka ukuthi ukuphakama kwegreenhouse kube okungenani amamitha amabili. Masinyane ngemuva kokulungiswa kwemibhede, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezisekelo eziqinile lapho amahlumela ezoboshwa khona, bese izithelo ezikhula. Kungaba noma yimaphi amakholomu aqinile amile ngemigqa yocingo obukhulu owelulwe phakathi kwawo njalo ngamamitha ayihafu ukuphakama. Ukuze i-trellis ingagcini ubamba okuluhlaza, ifakwe odongeni oluseceleni. Ngakho-ke, imibhede yamakhabe ayitholakali ngaphezu kwama-50 cm ukusuka ezindongeni.
Ukutshala amakhabe, udinga ukukhetha abamba ukushisa okuphezulu
Naphezu kwezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhambisa nokugcina ukushisa kwe-polycarbonate, kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge imishini yokushisa kanye namalambu ukuthola isivuno esiqinisekisiwe emzileni ophakathi noma eSiberia. Mhlawumbe akudingekile ukushisa abamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula izinhlobo zokuqala zamakhabe atshalwe nezithombo ezikhulile. Kepha uma uhlwanyela imbewu, khona-ke izithombo zisengawa ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esipholile, futhi nokugcina imbala kuyofudumeza isikhashana. Uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu esinamafu, ukukhanya okwengeziwe nge-phytolamp ngeke kulimaze.
Ngokwemvelo, ekwindla, yonke imfucumfucu, kufaka phakathi imfucumfucu yesitshalo, kufanele isuswe kuhluzo lwezitshalo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuguqulwe inhlabathi uma isisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana, futhi nangokwedlula lokhu uma izifo ezibucayi bezitshalo ziphawulwe kugcotshwa.
Ukufakelwa
Ebuningini bemithombo ebhaliwe, kunikezwa izeluleko zokukhulisa ikhabe ngokusebenzisa izithombo, yize kunjalo, cishe akekho owenza lokhu eningizimu. Kubukeka sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlwanyelwa ngqo kwezimbewu ku-greenhouse kungabhekwa njengento engelutho noma ngabe: izinhlobo zokuqala nezamaphakathi kwe-amakhabe zizoba nesikhathi sokunikeza isivuno esihle ku-polycarbonate greenhouse futhi ngaphandle kwezithombo ezikhulayo.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi nokulungiselela
Ukwakheka kwe-melon yenhlabathi kunezidingo eziphezulu: ngeke kukhule ndawo. I-Optimal - izivalo eziphakathi nendawo ezine-acidity engathathi hlangothi, kepha uma kungekho kubumba, kufanele ilungiswe ngokungenisa inani elanele lesihlabathi (okungenani ibhakede eli-1 m2) Inhlabathi ye-Acidic yaziwa kakhulu nganoma yiziphi izinto ze-alkaline (chalk, lime elithambile, ufulawa we-dolomite). Kuhle uma ukhukhamba ukhule endaweni eluhlaza ngaphambi kwamakhabe, futhi utamatisi noma amanye amakhabe akhule kabi.
Ngaphansi kokumba kabusha ekwindla, kunconywa ukungeza isigamu sebhakede le-humus, 12-15 g ye-urea, 20-25 g ye-superphosphate ne-10-12 g ye-potassium sulfate nge-1 m2. Umanyolo wePotash ungathathelwa indawo ngethitha elilodwa lomlotha wokhuni. Uma umlimi enokudla okwanele anakho, ungalungisa inhlabathi yombhede ngokuwaxuba nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 1, futhi lapho usakha umbhede engeza okungama-250 g wetshisi no-30-40 g we-azofoska kumitha ngayinye yesikwele.
Imvamisa ku greenhouse eceleni kwezindonga zakhela ama-ridges angama-15-20 cm ukuphakama, lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona imbewu eyi-melon eyodwa. Enye indlela ikuvumela ukuba ulungiselele umbhede ofudumele, kepha kudinga ukuzikhandla. Siqukethe okulandelayo.
- Susa ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi oluphakathi ngo-20-25 cm, ulugoqe eceleni, bese kuqala ukudonsa (itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe, amagatsha amancane ezihlahla) kubekwa emgodini obangelwa, bese kuba notshani noma hay.
Engxenyeni engezansi yombhede ungafaka imfucumfucu ehlukile
- Thela i-humus ngesendlalelo esingu-5-6 cm, ngaphezulu kwawo - ama-sawdust noma amaqabunga awile. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi esusiwe ibuyiselwa endaweni (uma kunesidingo, ingeza ushokoledi ne-azofoska kuyo).
- Umbhede ophelile uthelwa ngamanzi afudumele futhi embozwe ifilimu emnyama.
Imbozwe ngu-foil, umbhede ufudumala ngokushesha
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ingadi iyafudumala, futhi imbewu ingahlwanyelwa kuyo ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Imbewu yokutshala ingathengwa esitolo, noma ungaqoqeka kwikholoni lakho eliyintandokazi, elithengelwe ukudla. Kepha indlela yesibili ingaholela emiphumeleni engalindelekile: ingaba yi-melon evuthiwe sekwephuzile noma i-hybrid nhlobo, ukuthatha imbewu okuvela kuyo akunangqondo.
Imbewu ye-Melon igcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, ayidingi ukuthengwa ngonyaka, ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu entsha inikeza inani elikhulu lebhali, okungukuthi, izimbali zesilisa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu eneminyaka engama-3-6. Kodwa-ke, uma belele isikhathi eside kakhulu, kubalulekile ebusika ukubheka ukuthi ziyohluma yini ngendlela eyaziwa ngumgcini wegadi ngokufaka inqwaba nokuzibeka emgqonyeni wamanzi ngebhethri. Uma ngemuva kwengxenye yesonto ngaphezulu kwesigamu, ungabatshala.
Imbewu ethembekile ingahlwanyelwa ngisho nangaphandle kokulungiselela, noma yomile: enhlabathini emanzi, efudumele nakanjani izohluma.
Kepha uma kunesikhathi, kungcono ukubalungiselela kusengaphambili ukuze bahlwanyele. Okokuqala, hlukana nezinhlamvu ezingasho lutho, ezikhanyayo, uthele imbewu emganwini wamanzi kasawoti (3-5 g kasawoti nge-100 ml wamanzi). Imbewu embi izokuza emizuzwini emingaki, emihle izodonsa. Isibalo sezimbali zabesifazane singakhuphuka ngokushisa imbewu ngokushisa kwe-50 ° C ngamahora ayi-2-3.
Imbewu yommbila inkulu impela, ifana nekhukhamba
Ukuze kutholakale amagciwane, imbewu ihlwanyelwa imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 kusisombululo se-pink se-potanganum permanganate, bese ihlanjwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ungabaphatha ngezivuseleli zokukhula noma isixazululo se-boric acid, kodwa lokhu kungakhethwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa ukuqina ngokuqinile ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube okuyindida: ngemuva kokudonsa emanzini afudumele (30-35 ° C), imbewu ese ngendwangu emanzi igcina ubusuku esiqandisini. Kungcono uma umjikelezo "ukushisa - ukubanda" uphindwa amahlandla ambalwa.
Uma kunesidingo sokuvela okusheshayo kwezithombo, imbewu ingaqhuma imila ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpande ze-microscopic bese kuphela izitshala engadini. Kepha konke lokhu kuyizinketho ezahlukahlukene ongeke ukwazi ukuzifeza: kufiseleka kakhulu kuphela ukungulala amagciwane imbewu, bese kuthi, uma umkhiqizi wawo engakhuphi ukuzethemba.
Ngalokho kungenzeka futhi akunakwenzeka ukutshala amakhabe eduze
Uma uhlu lwezilimo ezifiselekayo nezingathandeki endle zivulekile, khona-ke ukukhetha kwe-greenhouse kuncane: akunakwenzeka ukuthi bazotshala, isibonelo, isithombo! Eduze nekhabe ungatshala ubhontshisi nanoma yimiphi imifino ebabayo, kuzozizwa kukuhle lapho uphethe nopelepele nge-isitshalo seqanda. Kuhle ukutshala noma yimiphi amakhambi abilayo: yize engadingi greenhouse, azophonsa izinambuzane eziyingozi ezihlala zindizela kule greenhouse ngamaphunga wazo.
Kodwa izeluleko zokutshala ngokuhlangana kwamakhabe namakhukhamba ziphakamisa ukungabaza okuthile. Okokuqala, lezi zilimo zinezidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele zokuswakama komoya nomoya. Okwesibili, ukhukhamba uhlobene nekhabe, kanti kwezinye izikhathi ungavuthwa impova, okonakalisa ikhwalithi yesithelo. Musa ukutshala amazambane eduze kwamakhabe, kubenze banciphe.
Amamoni ngokuvamile atshalwa exutshwe namakhabe. Zombili izilimo zinezimo ezifanayo zokukhula, zihlobene ngokuningana. Kuliqiniso, zombili ikhabe ne-ikhabe zidinga isikhala esiningi, okufanele sinakwe lapho utshala.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo, iphethini yokutshala
Ngaphezu kokunakekelwa okujwayelekile (ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu, njll.), Amakhabe adinga ukwakheka njalo kwezihlahla, adinga ukufinyelela mahhala. Lokhu kudinga futhi ukucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha iphethini yokufika, ngaphandle kokuthi idinga isikhala esiningi. Kepha ku-greenhouse udinga ukusindisa wonke amasentimitha, ngakho-ke ukubeka okuncane, okuthandwa endaweni evulekile, nebanga elingamamitha ayi-60 x 90 cm, kuyachithwa kakhulu lapha.
Kulula kakhulu ukubeka amakhabe eceleni kwezindonga eziseceleni kwe-greenhouse, lapho ku-40-50 cm kusuka odongeni, bambe umbhede omncane (mhlawumbe ikamu) futhi uhlwanyele imbewu kuwo ulayini ngebanga phakathi kwezimbobo okungenani ezingama-40 cm.
Amakhabe atshalwe onqenqemeni ukuze angaphazamisi neminye imifino
Isikhathi sokufika
Ekuhlwanyeleni i-melon, kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-10-12 cm ifudunyezwe kuze kufike ku-15 mayelanaC. Izinga lokushisa lasebusuku kufanele libe nenani elifanayo elilinganayo, futhi izinga lokushisa losuku kufanele okungenani libe ngu-20 mayelanaC. Ezimweni ezibandayo, ukufinyelwa kwembewu kuzobambezeleka kakhulu, futhi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-10 mayelanaNgazo zinganyamalala.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuya ngesifunda, isimo sezulu esikhona kanye nekhwalithi ye-greenhouse, izinsuku zokutshala ziqala ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene ngoMeyi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo zokuhlwanyelwa kwezindlela eziphakathi nendawo zomgwaqo endaweni ebamba ukushisa okwenziwe nge-polycarbonate kungenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kwamaholide kaMeyi Day.
Ukutshala okufanele amakhabe ku-greenhouse
Indlela yokutshala ku-greenhouse ayifani nokuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini engavikelekile: kuvame kakhulu ezitshalweni ezifanayo. Kwenziwa kanjena:
- Ezindaweni eziqokiwe, zenza izimbobo ezincane nge-scoop lapho kufakwa khona umanyolo wendawo (uhhafu wengilazi yomlotha kanye nepanini lika-urea), hlanganisa kahle futhi uthele ngokucophelela ngamanzi afudumele.
Umanyolo wendawo wezakhi ezilula usebenza kakhulu
- Ekujuleni okungaba ngu-3 cm, imbewu elungiselelwe engu-2-3 (noma eyi-4-5 eyomile) ibekwa emthonjeni ngamunye amabanga angama-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, amahlumela angeziwe ngemuva kokususwa kwawo.
Imbewu embalwa ifakwa emgodini
- Gcwalisa izimbobo ngomhlabathi bese uthambisa kancane.
Ngemuva kokushaya inhlabathi, kusalinda izithombo
Ngokungafani nomhlaba ovulekile, akudingekile ukumboza amahlumela kugceke abamba ukushisa nge-spanbond, ngaphandle kokuthi, ngokweqiniso, ukupholisa kulindeleke. Ukuvela kwezithombo kungalindeleka ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, vula iwindi bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya ku-16-18 mayelanaC. Ukushisa ebusuku kuyesabisa kakhulu izithombo, ezisuka zilulele khona ngokushesha.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kweMelon kuqukethe imisebenzi eyaziwayo: ukunisela, ukutshala, nokondla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo kufanele zakhiwe ukuze zikwazi ukondla izithelo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zilethe ukuthengiswa.
Umswakama nokunisela
Ukunisela amakhabe ku-abamba ukushisa kwenziwa kaningi: ekuqaleni - kanye ngesonto, kodwa kaningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi afudumele, afudumele elangeni. Bazama ukwenza ukuthambisa ngaphansi kwempande, ngaphandle kokufaka iziqu futhi ikakhulukazi nentamo yezimpande. Ukuphonsa kwamaqabunga kukhombisa ukuntuleka komswakama, kumele kufakwe. Kepha ngamanzi amaningi, ubungozi bezifo nokufa kwesitshalo kuyanda. Ngenkathi ama-whip avumela, ngemuva kokunisela, ukutshala okungaxhunyiwe kwenziwa ngokususwa kokhula. Lapho kuqala amahlumela asebusweni, izihlahla ziyaqaqamba kancane.
Ngokufika kwezithelo, ukuthambisa kuqala ukukhushulwa, kuvunyelwe ukuba kukhule size sibe usawolintshi, bese kuncishiswa kancane kancane, futhi inyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa kumiswe ngokuphelele. Kule modi, izithelo ziqongelela ushukela omningi futhi zengeza ukuqina.
Umswakama womoya futhi ubaluleke kakhulu: i-melon isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso, kepha akunakwenzeka ukudala umoya owomile endaweni ebamba ukushisa, size sivele sikunikeze umoya ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, umswakama wesihlobo akufanele udlule ku-60-70%, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Imodi yokushisa
Udaba lokushisa okuluhlaza endaweni yokushisa luxazululeka kalula. Mhlawumbe ngoMeyi kuzodingeka ukuthi ushise umoya usebenzisa noma iyiphi ithuluzi, kepha ehlobo - ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya opholile. Isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe, ikhabe ithanda amazinga okushisa angama-25-30 mayelanaC. Ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuvela, lapho kufanele wehlise izinga lokushisa ukuya ku-16-18 mayelanaC, kanye nokuqala kokwakhiwa kwezithelo, lapho kungu-20-22 sekwanele mayelanaUjabule no-16-16 mayelanaNgobusuku.
Isibani
I-Melon isitshalo esithandekayo: ukukhanya kwelanga kwentuthuko yayo kudinga isikhathi eside, kepha hhayi okuningi. Ukhula kabi ngokuntuleka kwemisebe yelanga, kepha uziphatha "ngokungalungile" uma amahora okukhanya kwezinyanga ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhula kwezitshalo edlula amahora we-12. Kungakho amakhabe kufanele atshalwe ekuqaleni ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze aqhakaze ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinde kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokukhanyisa akufanele kube isikhathi eside, futhi ubukhulu bungakufanelekela ukungezwa uma isimo sezulu sinamafu isikhathi eside. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindlu zokugcina izithombo zinezibani ze-fluorescent noma ze-LED noma izibani ezikhethekile ze-phyto.
Ukwakheka okubukhali kwamalambu kufanele kufane nokwakheka kwemisebe yelanga
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukufaka phezulu amakhabe ku-greenhouse kwenziwa kaningi kunasemhlabeni ovulekile. Inani eliphansi lokugqokwa okuphezulu liyintathu: esigabeni samaqabunga amabili angempela, ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuqala kanye nokuqala kokukhula kwezithelo, lapho zifika usayizi weplamu eyisilinganiso. Izembatho zokuqala ezimbili zenziwa kahle ngokumiliselwa kwe-mullein ngokufakwa komlotha wezinkuni, kanti owesithathu - kuphela ngokufakwa umlotha.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuqashelwa ukuthi yisithelo esisodwa kuphela esikhula esihlahleni, bese ezinye zimile ngosayizi, kufanele kufakwe ukugqoka okuphezulu. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi umanyolo wamaminerali, ikakhulukazi inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ikakhulu kufanele kukhawulelwe lapho kwethulwa umanyolo we-nitrogen: adingeka kuphela ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa amakhabe.
Ukungcola
Emhlabathini ovulekile, ikhabe lihlanjalazwa yizinambuzane: izintuthwane, izinyosi, njll. Njengoba kungekho noma abambalwa kakhulu kubo abamba ukushisa, umlimi kufanele athathe umthwalo wokumvunda. Inqubo le ilula, kepha ithinta izinhlungu. Ngakho-ke, uma umgwaqo ufudumele, ungafaka umoya ohlaza othulayo ngethemba lokuthi izinyosi zizongena ezindlini ezivulekile. Ikakhulu zivame ukundiza ekuseni, ungaziheha ngisho nangembiza evulekile yesiraphu kashukela. Futhi-ke, kufanele sifunde ukumvundela okwenziwe ngezimbali.
Okokuqala, inani elikhulu lezimbali zesilisa liqhakaza kumakhabe, futhi kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa abesifazane bavele, bavule ekuseni. Kulula kakhulu ukubahlukanisa: abesilisa bakhula kuma-pedicels acashile, ama-stamens abo ahlukeka ngokusobala. Ungasebenzisa ibhulashi, ukuqoqa impova kusuka kuzimbali eziningana zesilisa ekuseni bese uzihambisa ngaphakathi kowesifazane. Ungavele ukhethe izimbali ezimbalwa zesilisa, usule kuzo iziqubu bese uthinta izinyoni kaningana ebusweni bezimbali zezinsikazi.
Izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane zilula ukuhlukanisa
Ukwakhiwa kwezihlahla: ukuthena, ukunitha, ukucindezela
Umsebenzi onamakhono amaningi ekunakekeleni amakhabe ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla, okubandakanya ukuthungwa okuhleliwe noma ukunqunywa kwezimpondo, ukususwa kwe -onsons nezithelo ezeqile. Ngeshwa, noma ngokugcinwa ngokuqinile kwayo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhule ngaphezu kwezithelo ezingama-5-6 esihlahleni, futhi uma kunezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, amakhophi ayi-2-3 kuphela avuthiwe.
Kunezindlela eziningana ekwakhekeni kwesihlahla, futhi ziyahlukahluka emhlabathini ovulekile nakuhlaza okuluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, umhlali ojwayelekile wasehlobo akakwazi ukubhekabheka kakhulu kulobu bunzima balesi senzo sobucwebe kuphela: ubuncane bezithelo ezingekho engadini ekunakekelweni ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke (futhi bambalwa bethu abangavakashela isiza njalo) bavele bafe.
Ngokuvamile, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi lapho ukhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ikhabe livame ukwakheka kwesinye isiqu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufanele kube ihlumela eliyinhloko: kuso, izinhlobo eziningi cishe azakhi ama-ovari. Ngisho esiteji samaqabunga ama-5-6, nciza isitshalo esitsha, ususe i-apex. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje emva kwalokho, amahlumela ahlukahlukene aqala ukukhula kulo, futhi lapha ngokuyisisekelo isivuno sakhiwe phezu kwawo.
Isitshalo asikwazi ukondla wonke amahlumela aseceleni ku greenhouse. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho kunqunywe onamandla kakhulu kubo, amahlumela aseceleni asikiwe ayaqedwa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesokunxele kunakekelwe. Lapho nje ifinyelela kubude obungama-35-40 cm, iboshelwa kalula nge-twine ethambile kwi-trellis. Konke okwakhiwe kuwo eduze komhlaba kuyanqunywa noma kunqunywe. Ihlumela liqala ukukhula futhi ligatsha, linikeze amahlumela we-oda lesithathu, athela kakhulu.
Noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokwakhiwa kwezihlahla zikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi yini ngempela efanele isuswe
Ohlangothini ngalunye lokudubula, kusala i-ovary eyodwa. Akusekho amaqabunga angaphezu kwesithathu ngaphezulu kwamaqanda, ithiphu ngaphezulu kwe-pinch yokugcina. Uma ihlumela laphenduka elingavundile, lisuswa cishe ngokuphelele. Umdubuli ophakathi nendawo (okuyiqiniso, owaba ngowokuqala) uyakhishwa lapho ifinyelela ophahleni lokugcina ukushisa. Zonke amahlumela ezinezithelo ziboshelwe kwi-trellis, zizama ukuwaqondisa ngokuqondile. Izinyathelo eziqhamuka kuma-axils amaqabunga ziyaqhuma zisencane.
Ividiyo: ukwakheka kwe-melon bush
Njengoba izithelo ezikhulayo zikhula ngokushesha ngesisindo, zingavela ziwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho befika ngosayizi weqanda elikhulu lezinkukhu, amakhabe abekwa emakhethini akhethekile noma amanye atholakalayo, afanelekile ngosayizi, nawo ahlanganiswe ne-trellis.
Inhloso yegridi ukusindisa izithelo ekuweni, kepha zikhanyiselwa kangcono
Izici zokunakekelwa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
I-polycarbonate greenhouse iyindawo ebiyelwe, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kwamakhabe kuyo kuncike kancane esifundeni; ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngembewu nokuhlwanyela, futhi futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ezifundeni ezinokhahlo kunesidingo sokushisa okwengeziwe.
Isibonelo, esiFundeni saseMoscow, futhi ikakhulukazi e-Urals, eSiberia, kanye naseSifundazweni Esenyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kufaka neSifunda saseLeningrad, kuyaqabukela ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-melon ngisho nasendaweni eluhlaza, uncamela ukutshala izithombo. Izimbiza ze-Peat zisetshenziselwa ukutshala izithombo.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, izithombo zitshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngaphandle kokushisa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi.2. Ukuze kugcinwe umswakama odingekayo womoya emoyeni owomile, imibhede ihlanganiswe ngokhuni, okwenza ukungasebenzi kwawo kube nomlotha. Zonke amahlumela ezingavundile kumele zisikwe, zisuswe nakho konke okusondele kuno-30-40 cm kusuka emhlabathini.
Izimo zesimo sezulu zaseBelarus zifana kakhulu nalezi eziseduzane neMoscow; lapha futhi, imbewu ayihlwanyelwa ngokushesha engadini.
E-Urals, amakhabe atshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa kanye notamatisi namakhukhamba: kufanele unakekele yonke indawo yesikwele. Izimbaza zitshalwa ngezithombo emgqumeni obubanzi obuyi-5-6 cm, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 ziboshwe nge-trellis. Izihlahla zakheka zombili zibe munye nakumaqu ama-2-3. Njalo ngesonto, i-urea encane ifakwa emanzini okunisela, nomlotha kusuka engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.
Ezifundeni zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga bakhetha ukwakha imibhede ephezulu kakhulu, futhi basebenzise ungqimba olubanzi lwe-mulch kubo. Qiniseka ukuthi unika umoya wokugcina izithombo zokuvikela ukunqwabelana komoya omanzi, kepha nokho wenze ukungcola okufakelayo.
Iningi lengxenye ye-Ukraine, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho uqobo, kanye neningizimu yeRussia, kubiza amakhabe akhulayo ngaphandle kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo, futhi uma kusetshenziswa izithombo zokugcina izithombo lapha, lapho-ke izithombo ezikhulayo kuphela, ezihanjiswa endaweni evulekile. Ngempela, ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo, izithelo ziyavuthwa futhi zibe ngcono!
Ividiyo: imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokukhula amakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Izifo nezinambuzane zamakhabe ku greenhouse, ukulwa nazo
Izinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo ye-amakhabe ayiguleki kakhulu futhi ihlaselwa izinambuzane, ngakho abalimi abavamile ukunaka isidingo sokulwa nabo. Imvamisa, amakhabe ku-greenhouse ahlushwa i-Powdery isikhutha ne-anthracnose, kwesinye isikhathi anqotshwa ngokubona.
- I-Powdery mildew ivela kuqala emaqabungeni, bese ishukumisela ukuya amahlumela. Kubukeka ngofulawa: amabala amhlophe amhlophe. Amaqabunga awawa ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi uma lesi sifo sesihambile, izithelo ziwohloka. Ukuhlanzisisa ngokuphelele ku-greenhouse ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kuyindlela enhle yokuvikela lesi sifo. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zesi sifo, kusetshenziswa izifutho zokufafaza ngamalungiselelo wesibabule.
I-Powdery mildew ifana ngempela nofulawa
- I-Anthracnose ibukeka njengamabala amakhulu aphuzi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Kamuva, kuqhuma umbala opinki ongcolile uqala ukubonakala ezindaweni. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukutheleleka ezimeni zomswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke ukufakwa umoya omncane esivuthayo kuyakuvumela ukuthi kugwenywe. Lesi sifo selashwa nge-1% Bordeaux fluid.
Impango ye-anthracnose nezithelo
- Ukubuka i-Olive kubonakaliswa njengezindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni nasezilimeni eziqwini, kwesinye isikhathi izilonda zithuthele ziye izithelo. Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula ziyefana nakwi-powdery hlobo.
Lapho amabala amabala omnqumo abonakala nsundu
Ama-aphon ama-Melon kanye nama-spider mites yizilokazane ezivame kakhulu ze-melon. Zincanca amaqabunga kusuka emaqabungeni, zenze buthaka kakhulu izitshalo. Ukuvimbela - Ukulawula ukhula nokujikeleza kwezitshalo ku-greenhouse. Ngokuhlasela okukhulu kwezinambuzane, izitshalo zifafazwa ngesisombululo esigciniwe sensipho yokuwasha noma iKarbofos ngokwemiyalo.
Ama-aphid amunca ama-juices, abulala ngokushesha amaqabunga
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Uma eminyakeni edlule kungabikho zifo ezaqashelwa ku-greenhouse, ukufafaza okufakwayo akwenziwanga, kungenjalo kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukwakheka okuphephile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kwamahlamvu ngokufakwa kwenkuni yomlotha ngokufakwa kwesepha yokuwasha kuyanele. Abalimi abangajabhi ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi, isisombululo se-chloroxide yethusi (0.4%) njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12.
I-Copper chloride iyisidakamizwa esingenzeka sisetshenziswe kalula kunengxube yeBordeaux. Kepha kuphephile ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo ye-prophylactic, ngokwesibonelo, i-Fitosporin. Imiphumela emihle impela inikezwa ngezixazululo zeTsitovir noma zeZircon, ezisetshenziswa esiteji samaqabunga ama-3-4 nalapho kuvela amahlumela.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ama-melon okuqala kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zingatholakala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kepha ukuvuna kwenzeka ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Amakhabe akhula amanetha akhanywa ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke avuthwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili kunalawo abalele emhlabathini. Ukubona izinga lokuvuthwa kwekhabethi kulula kakhulu, hhayi njengekhabe: kufanele kudwetshwe ngesimo sombala wezinhlobonhlobo nangaphezulu noma ngokuqinile futhi kube mnandi ukuhogela. Uma izithelo sezivuthiwe, zizofinyelela ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Uma ukhetha amakhabe aluhlaza ngokusobala, kufanele uwalahle.
Awungeke ushiye amakhabe emahlathini futhi isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile: izinhlobo eziningi ziqhuma lapho sekugcwele. Izithelo zisikwa ngesiqu sobude obulula. Zithuthwa ziyiswa esitolo sezitolo ezithambile, zivikele emiphumeleni. Izinhlobo zokuqala zamakhabe, ezivame ngokutshalwa ezakhiweni zokugcina izithombo, azigcini isikhathi eside, kepha ngisho nosuku olufanele kufanele zigcinwe kahle, mhlawumbe ngokuhlukile kwezinye izithelo, nemifino ngisho nangaphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-1-3 ° C, umswakama womoya awuphakame kuno-80%.
Ukubonakala kwezihlahla zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate kwenze lula kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezilimo ezithanda ukushisa, kufaka amakhabe. Izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezinjalo zinciphisa ubunzima bokukhathalela izitshalo, zilondoloze ukushisa kangcono, futhi zivumele ukukhanya okuningi kwelanga kudlule. Amakhabe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate atshalwe ngempumelelo ezifundeni eziningi, kubandakanya nenyakatho yesifunda saseLeningrad naseSiberia.
