I-Nordman fir iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuhlobisa ongakuhlobisa noma yiziphi izakhiwo zomuntu siqu. Ukuze ukwazi futhi ukuhlobisa isakhiwo sakho ngalesi sihlahla esihle, ngezansi sizokutshela okwengeziwe nge-Nordman fir nokuthi mayelana nokutshala nokunakekelwa kwayo.
I-Nordman fir: incazelo
I-Fir Nordman, noma i-Caucasus iyisihlahla se-coniferous, esatholwa kuqala yi-botanist u-Alexander von Nordman, ohloniphekile futhi igama layo. Lesi sitshalo singezinombolo zezihlahla ezivuthiwe ezingakhula zibe ngu-60, kanti ngezinye izikhathi zifike ku-80m ukuphakama (sikhuluma ngezimo zemvelo zokukhula).
Uma ufuna ukutshala kwisayithi lakho i-Nordman fir, qaphela incazelo yakhe:
- umqhele womuthi uhlukaniswa nomumo omile, ongafinyelela ku-2-3 m ububanzi;
- isiqu somuthi sinyene; ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo zemvelo zingangena kumamitha amabili ububanzi;
- umbala nesakhiwo segxolo sishintsha kuye ngokuthi ubudala bomuthi - usemncane kangakanani ubuhlaza obunzima-obunzima, buqala ukuphahlaza ngokuvuthiwe futhi bube buthaka obumnyama;
- Amagatsha phezu kwesiqu aphezulu kakhulu, aphakanyiswe kancane kancane;
- amahlumela amancane anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, ehlotshiswe ngezinaliti ezincane nezifudumele;
- Amagatsha amakhulu ahlanganiswe nezinaliti eziluhlaza eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezikhanyayo ngenhla futhi ziphansi ngaphansi;
- ubude bezinaliti bungaba 4 cm; uma kuhlutshiwe, i-pine aroma ecebile kakhulu ibonakala, ebangelwa ukuba khona kwamafutha amaningi ezinaliti;
- isihlahla somuthi omdala minyaka yonke (ngo-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi), egcwele izimbali zesilisa nabesifazane; Izimbali zesilisa zihanjiswe njenge-spikelets ene-tinge ebomvu, nezimbali zabesifazane zimelelwa ngamacici aluhlaza okwakhiwa ikakhulukazi emgqeni womqhele;
- izithelo ezinkulu zakha ama-20 cm ubude njengezithelo; bahlala emagatsheni ngokuma, banomlenze omfushane; ama-cones omzimba anemibala eluhlaza, ekucubungeni kokuvuthwa, aphenduka ngokumnyama futhi ahlasele;
- uhlelo lwempande lungase luhluke kuye ngokuthi izici zenhlabathi: uma inhlabathi iyithambile, uhlelo lwempande lugxila kakhulu empandeni, uma ubumba nodaka - lusakazeka eduze kwendawo.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokukhanga kwayo, i-Nordman fir isetshenziswa emazweni aseYurophu njengesihlahla sonyaka omusha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo, i-Fir yaseCaucasia iyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engaba ngu-700. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwanda komuthi kuyabonakala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuneminyaka yobudala.
Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-fir evergreen nazo ziyi-balsamic neye-Korean. Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa, i-fir nayo iphinde iphulukise izakhiwo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Isihlahla sinalo izinhlobo eziningana, phakathi kwakho ongakhetha ukukukhanga kakhulu:
- 'Umsakazo wegolide'. I-fir encane, ehamba kancane kancane. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-10 yokukhula okukhulayo, isihlahla sikwazi ukwelula okungaphezu kwe-1 imitha. Ububanzi obufanayo bufinyelela umqhele walo. Izinaliti zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zincane - 2 cm kuphela ubude, zinombala wegolide ophuzi engxenyeni engenhla nomhlophe ophuzi ophansi. Izinhlobonhlobo zijwayele ukuhlanzwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu zase-Ukraine, ngokuvamile zijwayele ukudala izingadi.
- 'Jadwiga'. Lezi zihlukahlukene yi-hybrid, phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko okuyizinga lokukhula okusheshayo nomqhele obunzima obunezinaliti eziluhlaza obumnyama ezansi emhlophe. Isihlahla esinomzimba owanele.
- 'Pendula'. Kodwa-ke umuthi omkhulu, nokho, unezinga lokukhula kancane. Yakha umqhele omncane, ohlanganisa amagatsha aminyene ahlanganiswe nezinaliti eziluhlaza eziluhlaza. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifuna ukuba indawo yokulima - kunconywa ukuhlwanyela ukuvikelwa ezindaweni ezikhungweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ibukeka kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane.
Uyazi? Izimo ezikhulayo zemvelo zaseNordman fir zihlanganisa yonke iCaucasus, eTurkey ngisho namazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lesi sihlahla singakha amahlathi amancane ase-coniferous, eduze kwe-beech kuphela.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngezitshalo zokutshala
Iphupho laseFaucasian fir e-dacha lingafinyeleleka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izici ze-cottage yakho ehlobo, njengokukhula kwalesi sihlahla kungenakuzithoba. Kunoma yikuphi, ungakwazi futhi ngokuzimela ukuthuthukisa izimo zokukhula zesitshalo sakho ozithandayo.
Ukukhethwa kwesayithi lokufika
I-firus yaseCaucasia ngumuthi ohlakulela ngokugcwele izakhiwo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakho-ke, kubonisa ukukhula okuphansi kwamazinga ezindaweni eziphansi, okwamanje, akubalulekile ekulimeni ukuhlobisa. Isici esiyinhloko (ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo) yikhono lokukhula ngokujulile ezindaweni ezivulekile nezikhanyise kahle. Lesi sihlahla asesabi ngisho nemimoya enamandla, kodwa ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo ekukhuleni okuphumelelayo
I-faucasian fir Nordman ithanda inhlabathi enomsoco ecebile kumanyolo wamaminerali. I-Loam iyakufanelekela ukutshala; kepha-ke, ukukhula okuhle kwesihlahla kuphawulwe lapho utshalwa enhlabathini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! I-Fir ingahle isakazwe yizimbewu ezivuthiwe kuphela, ngoba izindlela zezitshalo zibonisa ukuthi zivela ohlangothini olubi kakhulu. I-Cuttings ingase ingabi nhlobo noma ikhule izimpande ngobunzima obukhulu. Ngokuqondene nembewu, ukuvuthwa kwabo kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Imbewu kuphela eyaziwa yiyo ephuma ezihlangwini ezivuliwe zibhekwa njengezikhulile.
Imithetho yokufika
Njengoba i-firus yaseCaucasia iveza imbewu kuphela, i-str-2fied izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ifakwa emhlabathini ngaphambilini ogcwala ngaphakathi kwesitsha bese ishiya esiqandisini noma esiteji. Ngemuva kwalokho, entwasahlobo imbewu ihluma emfudumeni, kanti izithombo ezibekiwe zifakwa ezinkalweni ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo sakhula emabhodini iminyaka engu-5-7 futhi emva kokuba sitshalwe endaweni evulekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokungazinzi kwezithombo ezincane ezingafa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezimbi.
Eceleni kwe-fir, ungase futhi utshale: i-spruce, i-larch, i-ash ash, i- Thunberg barberry, i-thuja, i-pin, umjunipha.
Uma sicabangela izimo ezichazwe ngenhla, kutuswa ukuba utshale i-fir esakhiweni njengesimo se-seedling esitholakale e-nursery. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgodi ulungiswa ngokujula kwama-80 cm nobubanzi obungama-60 cm. Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze ungqimba lwamanzi ekujuleni okubonisiwe, okukhona okudingekayo lapho utshala i-fir (itshe elichotshoziwe noma igravel lisetshenziselwa lokhu). Ukuze ulungele ukujwayela nokukhula komuthi, lungiselela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ezilinganisweni ezicacisiwe:
- isihlabathi - 14.5%;
- i-humus - 14.5%;
- ubumba - 28%;
- peat - 42%.
Okukhethekile kokunakekelwa
I-Nordman fir ayifuni kakhulu ukunakekelwa, Nokho, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezikhulayo, kusadingeka zinakekelwe.
Ukunisela nokutshala izitshalo
I-Nordman fir ekukhuleni idinga ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile nokufaka umquba, okwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla. Ukunisela kuyenziwa kuphela izitshalo ezincane, izihlahla ezivuthiwe azikwazi ukuphuziswa nhlobo, njengoba izimpande zabo zikwazi ngokugcwele ukunikeza izihlahla ezinkulu ngobuningi. Ngokuqondene nokugqoka, baqala ukuqhutshwa kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha emva kokutshala. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali amakhemikhali amakhemikhali omanyolo omanyolo.
Kubalulekile! I-firus yaseCaucasia inokumelana kahle namazinga aphansi okushisa. Isihlahla seminyaka ephakathi sibekezelela kalula amaqhwa phansi -30 °C, futhi nangeminyaka yobudala, lesi sibalo sanda kuphela. Kodwa lapha izitshalo ezincane ziyesaba iqhwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba zimboze ngokucophelela ebusika.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Izitshalo ezincane ze-fir zizwela kakhulu endaweni yakhiwa nokhula, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isihlahla esiseduze nesihlahla semithi sihlanzekile. Ukuze ulondoloze isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuba uxove njalo umhlabathi oseduze neFaucasian fir, usebenzisa i-sawdust ebolile kule njongo.
Ukudubula
I-Nordman fir ngokujwayelekile ayidingi izihlahla. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukwenza umuthi ube nokuhlobisa, ukusika izihlahla kuyamukeleka. Isidingo salo sibheka ngokuphathelene nemithi endala, lapho kuvela khona amagatsha amaningi abunayo. Ukuze zingaphazamisi ukubukeka komuthi - amagatsha kumele asuswe ngokucophelela ngombono, engakhohlwa ukucubungulwa kwendawo yokunqunywa. 
Izifo Zokutshala Nezinambuzane
I-fir e-Caucasus imelana nokulwa nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ukusabalala kwezinaliti zayo kusengabakhanga. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo ezingavumelekile (isimo sezulu asifanelekile, inhlabathi noma umanyolo okwanele) ezinye izifo zingathinta nalesi sihlahla. Sizozijwayeza izinkinga ze-Nordman fir ngokuningiliziwe.
- uma izinaliti ziqala ukuqhuma nezinyosi zezinyosi zivela kuso - cishe umfanyana uhlaselwe yisihlangu samanga, esizosiza ukuqeda izicupho ezifakwe kwi-glue emathrekhi;
- ama-cobwebs nezindawo eziphuzi ezibomvu ezinaliti - isibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe se-spider mite, esingeke sikwazi ukuyibulala emthini omdala; I-fir encane iphakanyiswa ukuba ifakwe nge-dandelion ne-garlic infusions;
- ijazi elimhlophe ezinaliti ze-fir livame ukushiya iHermes, okuyinto izinambuzane kuphela ezisiza ukulwa;
- i-fir moth nayo iyingozi ezinaleni zomuthi, ngakho-ke izimvemvane zayo zidinga ukubhujiswa ngamalungiselelo okuphila, futhi nazo zonke izintwasahlobo zokumba umhlabathi ezungeze isiqu se-fir ukubhubhisa izibungu.
Kubalulekile! I-Nordman fir iqala ukuphumelela kunalokho. Ngokuvamile lo mzuzu kufanele ulinde eyodwa noma amashumi amabili. Ngokushesha, le nqubo iqala ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid zalesi sihlahla.
Ngithemba, ngeke usaba nombuzo mayelana nokuthi ingaba yini inhlanyelo engatshalwa khona kulesi sakhiwo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani. Cabanga kuphela ukuthi ngokuswakama okwanele, amahlumela kanye nezinaliti emthini angagoma, ngakho-ke khetha ukutshala kusayithi lakho izinhlobonhlobo ze-firus yaseCaucasia okungenzeka ukuthi ziyizimpande kuwo.
