Emazweni aseningizimu ye-Ukraine neRussia yanamuhla, i-viticulture ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo zasendulo zokulima.
Mhlawumbe ngiyabonga ngalokhu, namuhla lesi sitshalo sezinkulunkulu siye saba namandla kakhulu ekukhuleni kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ngempela, kunzima ukuthola isakhiwo esizimele, hhayi ukuhlobisa ngesihlahla somvini.
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, okungajwayele ukutholakala emadayeni kanye nentando yamakhaya amateur, yi "iKhadidi" yamagilebhisi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziye zaba ngaphezulu kwamagilebhisi avamile kakhulu iminyaka eminingi kunalokho okukhokhwa izitshalo zayo eziphakeme futhi ezingavamile.
Kuqondene nezici zayo, izici zokutshala nokulima okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
Indlela yokwahlukanisa "iKalidini" yamagilebhisi evela kwezinye izinhlobo? Izimpawu ezichazayo ezihlukahlukene
Ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okwanda kakhulu, okwaziwa emazweni aseningizimu yeYurophu, e-Ukraine, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi. Imvelaphi yezinhlobonhlobo "iKalinari" yiMelika, lapho ososayensi bebelokhu bekhona izinhlobo "zeNdlovukazi yezivini" ngamagilebhisi "Alfons Lavalle". Ngenxa yalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, amagilebhisi amahle amathebula atholakala ngamajikijolo angavamile ngokubukeka okukhangayo.
Izici zeqembu lamagilebhisi "Ikhadineli"
Ubukhulu beqembu lamagilebhisi "iKalidini" likhulu kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso ubude beqembu elilodwa lisukela kumamitha angu-19 ukuya ku-28, nobubanzi buvela ku-13 ukuya ku-19 amasentimitha. Nakuba, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu obuphakathi kweqoqo lincane kakhulu - kuphela ama-gram angu-342-510. Ngezinye izikhathi kunamaqoqo anesisindo esingu-900 amagremu.
Futhi, amaqoqo alezi zinhlobonhlobo ahluke ngendlela efana ne-cylindric conical, ehlukunyezwa kakhulu phansi. Isakhiwo seqoqo likhulu kakhulu. Umlenze weqoqo elinjalo uvame ukude, nekhefu eluhlaza, elikwazi ukuphumula kalula.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, amajikijolo alezi zihlukahlukene zinkulu kakhulu. Ubude berry eyodwa buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2.1 ukuya ku-2.9 amasentimitha, kanti ubude bayo buvela ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.3 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu bekhadi elilodwa lamagilebhisi "Kardinal" lingaba ngu-7-9 amagremu. Ekubukeni, nazo zihlukile ngesimo se-oval noma se-oval-oblong.
Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona amajikijolo anezintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi, elibhekene ne-groove encane. Amagilebhisi aqoshiwe ngombala obomvu obomvu. I-peel ihlanganiswe ngaphezulu koqweqwe oluncane lwe-wax olubhemayo. Naphezu kokulingana kwesihluthulelo sekhadi "iKalidini" yamagilebhisi, kulula kakhulu ukuphula.
I-pulp yamagilebhisi "iKhadikhadi" inesakhiwo esihle, esinomsoco namanzi. Umbala we-pulp wamajikijolo alezi ezihlukahlukene yi-greenish-white, okufana ne-jelly. Phakathi nendawo kukhona imbewu. Inombolo yabo ingaba ngu-2-4, kepha ayikhulu ngobukhulu. Amajikijolo anomunambitheka ongajwayelekile ngokweqile, ohlangene nokunambitheka, kodwa okungacaci, ukunambitheka kwe-nutmeg.
I-berry iqukethe isamba esikhulu soshukela, elilingana no-15-18 amagremu ngamamitha ayizigidi angu-100 wejusi lomvini. Ngakho-ke, i-asidi yezinhlobonhlobo ngokuvamile ayidluli ku-7-9 amagremu ku-litre eyodwa yelisi.
Inhloso eyinhloko "iKhadidi" yamagilebhisi iyithebula elikhulu. Ama-compotes kanye nama-jams asuka kuwo, anesimo esihle kakhulu sokubukeka nokunambitheka, ahlonishwa kakhulu. Yonke imikhiqizo evezwa kahle igcinwe lapho kudingeke khona izindinganiso ezidingekayo zokulungiselela. Abalimi abaningi, lokhu kuhlotshaniswa kwanda nje kungenxa yokudla okusha, noma ukudayiswa.
Izici zesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi kanye nezinkomba zomkhiqizo wawo
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokuvuthwa "iKhadidi" yamagilebhisi, ukuhlukahluka kungenye yezokuqala. Ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo alesi sivini sekufika kakade ngosuku 121 ngemuva kokuqhakaza amehlo, ngaleyo ndlela, empeleni, ukuqedela isikhathi semifino esihlahleni. Amajikijolo amagilebhisi athola umbala wawo wemvelo, okhombisa ukuvuthwa, phakathi noma ekuqaleni kwesigamu sesibili sika-Agasti. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nembali yobungqingili, ngenxa yokuthi izivuno zenzeke ngonyaka futhi ezingeni eliphakeme.
Ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi kubhekwa ukuthi kungenzeka kube phezulu, nakuba kungenakwenzeka njalo ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu. Isizathu salokhu kuba khona kwamanani amaningi ekhwalithi "iKalidini", okuvame ukubangela ukuvunwa okungaqiniseki, ukuwenza buthakathaka, noma ukunciphisa ngokuphelele amaqoqo amahlumela. Kodwa okuningi kulokho ngezansi.
Futhi izinzuzo zomkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, amahlumela angaba ngu-67 akhiwa esihlahleni esisodwa, okungenzeka sinikeze isivuno esikhulu kakhulu. Ngempela, kuphela okufanayo ukuphunyuka kwamafriky ikakhulukazi kugxila ku-0.9 amaqoqo, kanti isithelo esithatha lesi sibalo ngu-1.3.
Amandla okukhula esiqhingini seMidlinali ajwayelekile, nakuba kuphawulwe ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo, kokubili isihlahla kanye nezitshalo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo. Kusukela lapha siphakamisa izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zazo zonke izinkomba zezidalwa zemivini, kuhlanganisa imiphumela yombili yezivini zezimboni nezomkhaya.
Izinzuzo zamagilebhisi "iKalidini" - izimfihlo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene
Lapho ukhetha lezi zithelo zomvini zokutshala esiqhingini sazo, abavinini bewayini baqala ukulalela ubukhulu obukhulu bamajikijolo, kanye nokubukeka kwabo okuhle nokunambitheka. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula ukuthi:
- Amagilebhisi "iKalidini" anezilinganiso isikhathi eside sokugcina isivuno, okuyizinyanga ezintathu.
- Izimfanelo zokunambitheka amajikijolo omvini "Kardinal" zilinganiswa ngamakhamera ochwepheshe ngamaphuzu angu-8-9.
- Amagqabunga alamagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo akhuthazela isikhathi eside kakhulu ezokuthutha, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphandle kokulimaza futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuheha.
- Ikhwalithi ephezulu eyenziwe ngokulondolozwa kwamagilebhisi.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Ikhadini" liyakwazi ukujabulisa izithelo eziphezulu ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa izimo zokulima
Ukungahambi kahle kwekhadi "iKhadidi" yamagilebhisi - siyazibamba ngolwazi ukuze sigweme imiphumela emibi
Ukuze kutholakale izithelo zomvini eziphakeme kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo "Kardinal" empeleni akulula kakhulu, ngoba kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezingenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu futhi hhayi ikakhulukazi esimeme. Kodwa uma kungakapheli ukuqonda zonke izinkinga ezingase zihlangabezane nazo, kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngesihlahla somvini nazo zonke izinsizakalo ezidingekayo futhi zivikeleke ekulimaleni nasekulahlekeni kokuvuna.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana okujwayelekile nezifo ezivame ukuvotela izivini njengamazolo okuphuza, isikhutha nomdlavuza webhaktheriya.
- Kukhona amacala avamile okunqotshwa kwamagilebhisi we "Kardinal" ama-grays ane-gray gray. I-moth yokugubha amagilebhisi ibangela ingozi enkulu esihlahleni semagilebhisi kulezi zihlukahlukene.
- Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi, isivuno esizayo sibhekene kakhulu: izimbali nama-ovari emagilebhisi athululiwe; amajikijolo omvini angase ahlungwe. Ngakho-ke, ingubo yokuhweba yamagilebhisi iwa, amaqoqo ayencane.
- Ukuphikisana namazinga aphansi okushisa ngesikhathi sasebusika ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe nakho kuphansi. Kanti futhi, ngokuvamile kungathinteka yi-frosts entwasahlobo, njengoba amagilebhisi eqala ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni.
- Amajikijolo alezi zithelo ezivuthiwe avame ukuvuthwa ngokulinganayo.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana nokufakelwa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla
Yonke imiyalelo edingekayo ekutshalweni okulungile kwamagilebhisi "Kardinal" kusayithi
Umbuzo oyinhloko ovela ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi: kanjani nokuthi yini ongayitshala. Uma kwenzeka iKardinal ezihlukahlukene, ukhetho olunengqondo ngaphezulu kungaba ukukhetha indlela yokutshala yokunquma kwamagilebhisi. Inzuzo yalolu khetho ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukukhiqiza umvini ovuthiwe uma uvuna. ukuxhunyelelwa ekukhuni kwezinkuni. Yiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuba sikhule lokhu kuhlukahluka kusuka ekuhloliseni, kodwa le nqubo izoba isikhathi eside futhi lesi sihlahla sizobe singaphansi kwezifo.
Ukuzikhethela kahle kwezimo zezulu, isikhathi sonyaka nomhlabathi wezinhlobonhlobo "iKardinal"
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengento engenasisekelo, ngakho-ke, lapho utshala, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe:
- Lokhu amagilebhisi afuna ukushisa ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ezimweni ezifudumayo zezulu ngokushisa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingaba nemiphumela emihle ngisho nalapho itshalwe ezindaweni ezipholile futhi ngenkathi inikeza isihlahla somvini ngokunakekelwa okudingekayo.
- Isikhathi esivunyiwe sokutshala iKhadimali yisikhathi sehlobo, njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezimpawu eziphansi kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi. Kudingeka ukhethe isikhathi ngaphambi kokukhula kwezitshalo eziluhlaza, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ku + 15ºС futhi ekushiseni kwenhlabathi akuphansi kuka +10 ºС.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezichazwe kangcono zikwazi ukuthela izithelo emhlabathini loam kanye nesihlabathi. Okukhethwa kukho kungumhlabathi omnyama, okubhekwa njengensimu evundile kunazo zonke nazo zonke izici ezidingekayo zokutshala amagilebhisi.
- Kunconywa ukuthi utshale amagilebhisi endaweni yakho kuphela enhlangothini yaseningizimu yezakhiwo noma ezinye izinsizakalo ezizozivikela emimoyeni ebandayo. Ukukhululeka kwamagilebhisi kwakungcono kakhulu emathafeni aseNingizimu noma eningizimu-entshonalanga.
Izithelo zomvini "iKalidini" esitokisini
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo nenqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa ukusika.
- Isiqu esihle kufanele sibe nama-2-3 amehlo.
- Ingxenye engezansi ye-cutting kumele inqunywe ngamamitha ambalwa ngezansi kwe-peephole kuphela kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, ukuze uthole uhlobo lomcengezi.
- Ingxenye engenhla ye-cutting is waxoshwa ukuze ugcine unomanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusika ngokushesha kugoqa iparafini eshisayo futhi ngokushesha ungene emanzini ukupholisa.
- Ingxenye eyinqunyiwe yokusika kufanele ibe emanzini isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kwe-inoculation, okuzokwenza kube nomthelela ekutheni inqwaba yezinhlanzi. Futhi, ungayifaka kwisisombululo esishukumisayo (amahlumela angu-10 omuthi ngetitha lamanzi).
Isitokisi kufanele futhi sinikezwe ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yamagilebhisi "iKhadidali" Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amahlumela amadala "Berlandieri X Riparia" noma "Shasla X Berlandieri". Ngemuva kokukhipha isihlahla esidala, kusele isitshalo esincane, okudingeka ukuthi kuhlanjululwe ekubuseni okuphelele.
Eqinisweni phakathi, isitokwe sihlukana ukuze kube nethuba lokubeka isithombo samagilebhisi ekuhlukaneni. Ukupaka isitokisi kufanele kube ngokucophelela, usebenzisa i-hatchet encane nesando. Siqala ukugoma:
- Ukusika kubeka ngokucophelela ukuhlukaniswa nengxenye yayo ehlutshiwe ukuze amahlombe akhe ahlale egazini phakathi kokuhlukaniswa.
- Isitoreji sinamandla kakhulu futhi siboshwe ukuze sikwazi ukuyifaka ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka kwisibambo. Ukuhlanganisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa indwangu yokotini, ehlangene ephelele futhi ekwazi ukubola ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
- Indawo yokugoma ingafakwa ngodaka., okuyinto ezogcina umswakama edingekayo empande.
- Ngemuva kokugoma, kubalulekile ukuthululela kakhulu esitokisini, ukugcwalisa ngomswakama odingekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa kahle okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi.
- Ukuxubha kwenhlabathi okuzungezile kuphela isihlahla samaqabunga esihlanganisiwe kunomphumela omuhle wokunamathela isiqu.
Ukunakekela ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi "iKalinari" - indlela yokulondoloza isivuno
Ukungalingani ekuvuneni kweCardinal yamagilebhisi kusengenzeka ukuvimbela nokuwina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela zonke izinkinga zazo nezifo ezingenzeka ukuze uqale ukulwa nabo ngesikhathi.
Izinhlobo zokunisela ezifanele "Ikhadineli: yini ebalulekile ukwazi ngamagilebhisi?
Amagilebhisi angokwesilimo esithandayo umswakama. Noma kunjalo, ukugqithisa kwayo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuqhuma ngisho namajikijolo avuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuphuza umvini cishe izikhathi ezimbili ngenkathi ngayinye: ngaphambi kokungena ezimbali futhi ekupheleni kwalolu hlelo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi semvula, ukuchelela kuyanda kakhulu. Esimweni esifanayo, uma kunesimiso esikhulu semvula, kunconywa ukuthi udale izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugeleza kusayithi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye nenhlanganisela yomhlabathi wevini
Ngenxa yezinqubo ezinjalo, amagilebhisi agcwele ngokugcwele inani elidingekayo lezakhi zomzimba futhi ezingeni eliphakeme bayakwazi ukumelana nezifo. Ukunciphisa umhlabathi wamagilebhisi kungcono entwasahlobo nasekwindla, besebenzisa lokhu cishe amasentimitha angu-3 e-humus enenkani. Ukwengeza, ungondla isihlahla samavini namaminerali omanyolo, okuphakathi kwawo okungcono kakhulu kwe-potash-phosphorus.
Ukulungiselela iKardinal Vine ngeCold
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kakhulu ukwesaba okukhulu kwesithwathwa, ngakho-ke ngisho nasezifundeni ezinobusika obufudumele, kunconywa ukumboza.
Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala, ungasebenzisa i-hay kanye netshani, okuyinto, kanye ne-mulch, esakazeka kumbuthano oseduze, ukuzama ukumboza i-shtamb yamagilebhisi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunengozi yokuqhwaba komvini - kungcono ukubeka phansi bese uhlala endaweni yokuhlala, kanye nesiqu.
Ukutshala izivini kuphela kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitsha esikhulu (mhlawumbe sokhuni) sivame ukusetshenziswa, esingenasisekelo. Ihlelwe ngaphezu kwamagilebhisi futhi ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nenhlabathi.
Ukutshala izivini zemivini "Ikhadini": yini ebalulekile okufanele ucabange?
Lapho ukusika izibaluleke kakhulu ukwakha umvini uqobo. Ngokuba "iKardinal" ehlukahlukene, ifomu elifana ne-fan lifaneleke kakhulu, noma lingenziwa ngendlela esebenzisa uHuyo. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuze kube nefruiting emihle umthwalo esikhwameni esisodwa akufanele kudlule izimbobo ezingu-25-30Kusukela ehlathini lalezi ezihlukahlukene kukhona ngobukhulu obuphakathi. Inombolo yamahlumela, angeke agcwalise amahlathi, ayi-13-16.
Ukudubula kwenziwa ezimweni eziningi ekwindla. Uma unquma ukufeza le nqubo entwasahlobo - lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwamehlo omvini. Ngokuba "iKardinal" amagilebhisi, ukusika izihlahla kumele kufushane, kusale amehlo angu-6 kudubula ngalinye.
Indlela yokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zamagilebhisi "iKalidini"?
Ukuphalaza okuvimbela isihlahla samagilebhisi "Kardinal" kumele kwenziweNgaphandle kokulinda ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso zesifo. Kungcono ukuhlanza amagilebhisi ngamafungicide phakathi nenkathi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutshwe izihlahla futhi emva kokuqedwa kwalolu hlelo. Uma kwenzeka izifo eziqhutshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe zenziwa. Njengezidakamizwa, ungathatha yonke indawo engalimazi izitshalo.
