- Uhlobo: iConifers
- Isikhathi sezimbali: June
- Ukuphakama: 25-30m
- Umbala: Luhlaza okotshani, Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Okungenasisekelo
- Ubusika
- Unamahloni
- Isomiso siyamelana
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-conifers, i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibhekwa njengesitshalo se-elite, ngoba inombala omangalisayo, izinaliti eziphukile nokubukeka okuqinile. Akumangazi ukuthi uvame kakhulu ukwedlula abanye abameleli bohlobo bakhe oluhle eduze kwezindlu zikaHulumeni, amabhange nezinye izikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu edolobheni. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziya ngokuya zikhulisa ikhophi yazo, ikakhulukazi uma insimu ivuma. Ubuhle be-prickly busetshenziswa njenge-tapeworm, okwenza ukugcizelela okuyingqayizivele kusayithi. Futhi ebusika, uba umlingiswa oyinhloko wamaholide oNyaka omuNyaka, akhanya ngeziphethu namalambu. Kodwa ukuthenga isihlahla sikaKhisimusi se "igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" kuyabiza, abanikazi abaningi bazama ukukusabalalisa ngembewu kusuka kwizigaxa noma ukusikwa. Sizobheka ukuthi singayikhulisa kanjani i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka kwimbewu nokusikwa.
Izinto zokupheka zokutshala
Ukuvunwa kwembewu
Ukutshalwa kwanoma isiphi isithombo sezinwele, hhayi kuphela okwesibhakabhaka, kuqala ngokuvunwa kwembewu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, funa i-spruce efanelekayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umbala nesimo osithandayo kakhulu. Bheka ukuthi isihlahla sakhiwe yini. Uma zinjalo, lindela isithwathwa esibandayo sikaNovemba futhi eshumini sokuqala senyanga khetha izigaxa eziningi esitshalweni esikhethiwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma unezimbewu eziningi, likhula kakhulu ithuba lokukhula kohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kuphela yi-30-40% yezihlahla zemisipheni ezihluma esihlahleni esisodwa eziyoba nombala ofana ncamashi nokhokho bazo. Zonke ezinye zingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ziluhlaza ngokuphelele, njenge-spruce ejwayelekile. Le inkinga yokuzala kabusha imbewu, lapho izimfanelo zesitshalo sikamama zitholwa njengefa kunalezo ezisikiwe.
Imbewu ye-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iba ne-translucent impeller, ebasiza ukuba bandize, kepha uma utshala indlu, ungayikhipha ngokuyixubha ngezandla zakho
Ungaqoqwa ngoFebhuwari, uma sekwephuzile ekwindla. Kepha lapho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ufike emhlabeni ekupheleni kukaJuni. Futhi le nketho ilungele kuphela izindawo ezinezihlobo ezipholile. Ekushiseni, imbewu ivutha kusuka ekushiseni.
Into enzima kakhulu ukukhwela isihlahla, ngoba izigaxa zikhula engxenyeni ephezulu yomqhele. Izinyembezi ziqinile kuphela, zivaliwe ngokuphelele. Yebo, ungasesha ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kepha kuzoba nzima ukuthola isimo esingaphikisiwe.
Kusuka kuzithombo ezihlume ekhaya, akukho ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ama-30 ezithombo zezitshalo ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ozokhula, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukukhetha okuhle kuphela ngonyaka
Kuvulwa Isikali
Phatha impahla eqoqwe egumbini elifudumele lapho izigaxa kufanele zivuthiwe, zivuleke zinikeze imbewu yazo. Ezilalini, izigaxa zenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, njengoba zibekwa engxenyeni enamazinga okushisa angama-40-42 bese igcinwa lapho kuze kube kuvuleka izikali. Kepha efulethini, kunzima ukuphinda wenze isimo sinjalo, futhi akudingekile. Kwanele ukubeka izigaxa ebhokisini elincane lekhadibhodi bese ulibeka kubhethri lokushisa.
Uma ungenawo amabhethri, uwabeke phansi kufudumele noma uwayise ekhishini uwafihle phezulu kwekhabethe eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwephahla, izinga lokushisa lihlala liphakeme, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuvuthwa izohamba ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi somiswa, uzokuzwa isikali esiqhekeka. Lapho isigaqa sivuleke ngokugcwele, khipha imbewu ngokuthepha “ekhaleni” endaweni enzima.
Ngeke kusaba khona mbewu ku-Isigaxa esivulekile noma esivulekile, ngoba bayoba nesikhathi sokuchitha emhlabathini, ngakho-ke funa izigaxa ezinesikali esivalwe ngokuqinile.
Futhi awukwazi ukuqoqa imbewu, kodwa uthenge e-nursery. Kepha khetha inkampani oyethembayo, ngoba imbewu ingahle ibe yisidala, igcinwe ezindlini iminyaka eminingi, futhi izinga lokuhluma lizoba buthakathaka. Inketho enhle imbewu engu-1-2 yeminyaka.
Ukuqina, kuyaqina
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izigaxa ku-spruce zivulwa ngoJanuwari. Imbewu indiza phezulu ukuze ikhule ezindaweni ezintsha. Kuze kube ngu-Ephreli, alala eqhweni futhi aqhubeke nenqubo enzima ebizwa ngokuthi yi-stratification. Ekhaya, kuzofanela unikeze imbewu ngokuqina okufanayo ukuze izitshalo ziqhume ndawonye futhi zingabi namandla omzimba.
Uma ubusika buvele bungabi neqhwa, bese uhlukanisa imbewu eqoqiwe ezingxenyeni ezi-2 bese ngokushesha uhlwanyelela enye yazo emhlabathini ovulekile. Fafaza ngeqhwa, inqubo yokuqina izokwenzeka ngokwemvelo. Izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ayihlwanyelwa embozweni seqhwa. Hlanza ingxenye yesibili ekhaya, bese uqhathanisa ukuthi yikuphi okokufaka obekunomusa kakhudlwana.
Ungaphucwa kanjani imbewu ekhaya:
- Yenza isisombululo esingu-1% se-potanganum permanganate (nge-100 ml yamanzi - 1 g. Potanganum permanganate).
- Gxilisa imbewu okuyo bese ukhipha isibulala magciwane amahora angama-2-3.
- Faka imbewu ethawula noma ephepheni bese yomile.
- Thela esikhwameni selineni.
- Faka isikhwama embizeni yengilazi, uvale bese ubeka eshalofini elibanda kakhulu esiqandisini
- Ngale ndlela, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezizayo kufanele zilale kuze kube sentwasahlobo (nasemhlanganweni wangoFebhuwari - kuze kube umhlaka 20 kuJuni).
Kungani futhi ungashisa kanjani imbewu ekhaya: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/stratifikatsiya-semyan-v-domashnih-usloviyah.html
Izinketho zokutshala imbewu yesihlahla esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ngemuva kokuqothuka, imbewu kufanele isuswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bacwiliswa ubusuku bonke kusixazululo samanzi nokulandela umkhondo (isakhi sokuphakanyiswa kwezimpande + i-antifungal drug foundationazole). Indawo enomswakama izovuselela ukwakheka kwamaseli futhi isheshise ukuhluma.
Ekuseni, baqala ukufika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ungayikhetha eyodwa, elula kunazo, kepha kungcono ukuhlukanisa imbewu ngezingxenye ezilinganayo bese uzama okukodwa. Ngakho-ke ungabona ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi indlela ephumelela kakhulu ngecala lakho elithile nezitshalo endaweni yangakini.
Indlela # 1 - endaweni evulekile
Uma ngabe iqhwa lasentwasahlobo lango-Ephreli lidlulile - hlwanyela izihlahla ngqo emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yehlisela phansi imboni eluhlaza bese uyigcwalisa nge-peat enamaxoki aphansi exutshwe nesihlabathi esimahaba nomhlaba ovela emahlathini e-coniffort. Ngokushesha ungenza umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaConifers noma uwondle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho amahlumela ephuma emhlabathini.
Umhlaba ovela ehlathini uyinto edingekayo ekukhuleni okuhle kwe-spruce, ngoba iqukethe i-mycelium yamakhowe. Umuntu okhetha amakhowe ezimweni zangempela usiza isistimu yezimpande ye-coniferous ukuthola umswakama nokunomsoco, isusa izinto eziyingozi enhlabathini. I-Symbiosis yamakhowe nezihlahla zikaKhisimusi isondele kakhulu ukuthi ngaphandle kwesikhunta se-mycorrhizal, i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yakha uhlelo lwezimpande ngokuvilapha futhi ihlala ifa.
Lapho utshala izikhala ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ihlala ihlakazeka, ngoba ukuhluma imvamisa akudluli ngamaphesenti angama-50, kepha bese uncipha amahlumela angenamandla
I-oda lomsebenzi:
- Inhlabathi ibumbene ngokweqile.
- Beka imbewu phezulu, kude le-3-4 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- I-Peat ixubene ne-coniferous sawdust ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo bese ifafazwa ngale ngxube yembewu engxenyeni efinyelela kwisentimitha.
- Umhlaba uyafafazwa.
- Vala abamba ukushisa ngefilimu.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola umswakama futhi, uma kunesidingo, khipha umoya obamba ukushisa.
- Amahlumela azovela kumaviki amathathu. Zikhishwe ngaphandle, zishiya izitshalo eziqinile kude ne-6 cm.
- Kufafazwe nsuku zonke ekuseni, kepha ngaphandle kokushiseka ngokweqile, ngoba umswakama owedlulele uzoholela ekwakhiweni "komlenze omnyama" - ukutheleleka ngegciwane okungabhubhisa konke okwenziwe.
Ngale ndlela, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi zikhula unyaka, kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo. Ehlobo, zivikele elangeni futhi ingene ngokweqile inhlabathi.
Indlela # 2 - ezitsheni zepulasitiki
Hluma izihlahla zemisipha ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezibanzi zamabhodlela (kusuka ngaphansi kwesaladi, amakhukhi, njll.) Noma amabhodwe okutshala.
Izitsha zokudla ezilahlayo zepulasitiki ziyabiza, kodwa kulula ukumila kuzo imbewu ye-spruce kuzo, ngoba isitsha sivalwe ngokuqinile ngesivimbo
I-oda lomsebenzi limi ngokulandelayo:
- Gcwalisa iziqukathi zamavolumu ayi-2-3 ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi: izingxenye ezi-3 zesihlabathi esomile + 1 ingxenye y peat.
- Fafaza umhlaba ngokuphelele.
- Fafaza imbewu phezulu kwenhlabathi enomswakama.
- Hambisa kancane inhlabathi ngesandla noma ngemfoloko ukuze ujule imbewu.
- Isivalo sivaliwe, uma kungenjalo, amboza imbiza nge-foil bese ebeka iziqukathi endaweni efudumele lapho ilanga lingaqondile.
- Lapho inhlabathi yomile, ukufafaza kuyenziwa.
- Lapho amahlumela ebamba futhi abonakale, iziqukathi zivulwa kancane ukuze izitshalo zingene kahle emoyeni.
- Ehlobo, amabhodwe ahanjiswa emoyeni omusha, ngaphansi komthunzi wezihlahla ezinkulu, bese kuthi ebusika abuyiselwe egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ayi-10-15.
Izitshalo ezincane kufanele zitshalwe entwasahlobo elandelayo, ngoMeyi, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala khona.
Ama-hatching amahlumela we-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asaba umswakama ophezulu, ngoba kuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta futhi abhubhise yonke into yokutshala
Indlela # 3 - ekuzisebenziseni
Indlela engajwayelekile, kepha elula yokuhlwanyela imbewu itshala kusikilidi. Le nketho ilungele izakhamizi zasehlobo ezingenazindlu ezinkulu zewashi, ngakho-ke ayikho indawo yokugcina iziqukathi ezinezithombo.
I-Scooter iyitheyipu ende enezendlalelo eziningana (njenge roll).
- Isendlalelo esingaphandle siyindawo encane ethambile evela ngaphansi kwamalayidi noma ezinye izinto zokwakha (ubude - abulinganiselwe, ububanzi - 10-15 cm).
- Ungqimba lwesibili iphepha lasendlini yangasese noma izindwangu.
- Elesithathu kungumhlabathi ovundile.
Umongo wethekhinoloji ukuthi iladi lembewu lilungiselelwe imbewu evela kulezi zingxenye ezingenhla:
- ukhiphe isigaqa esingaphansi kwetafula, usike sibe yimicu emide;
- iphepha lasendlini libekwe phezu kwayo, ligcwalisa yonke indawo engaphansi kwesiqalo;
- iphepha limunyiswa ngamanzi avela kwibhodlela lokufafaza ukuze ligcwele umswakama;
- imbewu ye-spruce isakazeka onqenqemeni lwephepha ngemuva kwama-2 cm ukuze ibhubesi liphume kancane laphaya kwemingcele yomqingo, futhi imbewu ilele ephepheni elimanzi (imbewu kufanele inamathele esisekelweni esimanzi);
- ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile uthululelwa ngaphezulu;
- gudluza itheyiphu ngobunyene ibe umqulu, qinisa ngebhande lokuqina ukuze ungaphili;
- faka umqulu ngokuqondile kwikhadibhodi noma kusoso, imbewu phezulu;
- fafaza ukuzikhiphela ngaphandle;
- ukumboza ngefilimu, ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, bese ubeka endaweni efudumele nelanga.
- ngemuva kokuqinisa imbewu, ifilimu iyasuswa, bese izithombo zinakekelwa, ngezikhathi ezithile zimanzisa phezulu kwe-self-roll.
- ngale ndlela, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi zihlala kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bungabonakala kahle kuvidiyo:
Ungayitshala kanjani i-spruce kusuka ku-cutways
Abalimi abangochwepheshe bathanda ukutshala ama-conifers okuhlobisa ngendlela yezindlela zokusika ukuze balondoloze ngokuphelele izinhlamvu ezihlukile. I-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nayo ingagawulwa. Lokhu kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho kuqala ukugeleza kwesiphu esihlahleni.
Ngokusikwa kwe-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukhethwa amahlumela amasha asezindongeni, atholakala emagatsheni anezici eziqondile. Kuklebhulwe ngokucophelela lapho kukhula ihlumela
Imithetho yokuvunwa kwamahlumela
Okokusikwa kusetshenziswa amahlumela ezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi, ominyaka yakhe isukela eminyakeni emine kuya kweyishumi. Izihlahla ezinjalo zinamaphesenti aphezulu okusinda kwezihlahla zokusika. Ukuze ulungiselele izinto zokutshala, udinga ukuthola amagatsha anamahlumela we-lateral bese usula ngokucophelela ama-2-3 cut cut 6-10 cm ubude.
Kuyadingeka ukuklebhula ukuze ekugcineni kwesibambo ngasinye kube khona “isithende” - ukuqina, izinsalela zokhuni oludala. Kuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-resin, okungavimba amaseli aphansi wesithombo futhi kuvimbele umswakama ukuthi ungangeni esihlahleni. Yingakho amaConifers enganqumi ngommese, i.e. musa ukusika, kepha nikle.
Ukuqina ekugcineni komgodi we-spruce, obizwa ngokuthi isithende, kusheshisa inqubo yokwakheka kwezimpande, ngoba umswakama udlula ngokukhululeka ungena kwisithombo. Okuqukethwe kuvunwa ngosuku lwamafu noma ekuseni kakhulu. Amagatsha asemaceleni apakishwa ngokushesha esikhwameni sepulasitiki ukuze angoma, futhi atshalwe ngosuku olufanayo.
Uma ubamba ukusikeka amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala kusivuseleli sokwakhiwa kwezimpande, khona-ke isihlahla somsayiphu sizokhula ngezimpande ngezinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ngaphandle kwezivuseleli, le nqubo izokwelula izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
Izicucu ekhaya
Zonke izindlela ezingenhla zokutshala imbewu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zilungele ukusikwa. Ngakho-ke, lapha sizogxila kwezinye izinketho ezinhle.
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongamaphesenti ayikhulu ugcinwa kuphela ezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi ezikhulwe ngemisiko, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubheka umuthi ofanele edolobheni bese ukhetha inani elifanele lama-paws kuwo
Kunezinketho ezimbili - ukuhluma esiqandisini noma emqolweni.
Ake siqale ngefriji. Uma ukwazile ukukha izihlahla zemisipres zokuhlobisa ngengozi, futhi akukho okulungele ukutshala emhlabathini - sebenzisa iqhinga lomlimi onolwazi. Kuyadingeka ukucwilisa konke ukusika kwehora emanzini, bese ubatshala esihlabathini esimanzi, ujule ngo-2 cm. Isihlabathi sithululelwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki, futhi amahlumela afakwe lapho. Iphakethe liboshwe - futhi esiqandisini. Dinga izinga lokushisa lama- +3 degrees. Futhi ukhohlwe ngabo amasonto ama-2. Okulandelayo - ukufika okujwayelekile ku-greenhouse. Ngale ndlela, izimpande zizovela ngasekupheleni kwenyanga yesibili. Lapho imila esiqandisini, ungaziphathi izihlahla ezisikiwayo, ngoba izinga lokusinda lizokwehla.
Lapho usika ugwayi ozilolayo, inqubomgomo iyafana nangesikhathi sokusakazeka kwembewu: umugqa ongaphansi + usula + inhlabathi. Vele unake ukuthi ingxenye yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi esizolala ephepheni lendlu yangasese kufanele ihlanzwe ngezinaliti, futhi isinyathelo phakathi kwezitshalo singu-5 cm.
Ama-cutways ebusika
Kuyenzeka ukuthi ubone isitshalo esifanele siphelelwe yisizini, kepha ufuna ukukhetha ukusika. Izinyezo ngesibindi bese uzama 'ukuzilawula' ekhaya ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- sula uhhafu wehlumela ngalinye kusuka kwezinaliti;
- cwilisa isisekelo ezimpandeni (impuphu);
- faka izihlahla zikaKhisimusi emqolweni olungiselelwe: gingqa ithawula lephepha, ubeke ungqimba lwe-moss kulo, ulithambise bese ubeka amagatsha ukuze ingaphansi elingenalutho libe semthombeni;
- kusonta yonke into ibe umqulu, uyihudule ngebhande elastic;
- faka mpo esikhwameni;
- Bopha isikhwama ngokuqinile bese usixhoma ewindini.
Ebusika, uhhafu wokusika uzoqala izimpande, kanti ngoMeyi uzobatshala abamba ukushisa.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi uzijwayeze ngamalungiselelo we-conifers ngesithwathwa: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/zimnyaya-spyachka-xvojnikov.html
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa ifilimu eminyene evamile yesendlalelo esingaphandle, kepha ayinazindawo zokufaka ukushisa, ngakho izithombo zikhula kancane kancane
Ividiyo esihlokweni:
Ama-nuances wokufika emhlabathini
Lapho utshala ku-greenhouse ngaphandle kokuhluma kokuqala, khumbula:
- Izinga lokushisa elikhulu okungenani li-+13 degrees of air and +10 degrees of land.
- Ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande ezansi kwe-greenhouse, kukhiqizwa imitha ebukhulu obuyi-5 cm kusuka kugrabile namatshe amatshe amancane.
- Izihlahla ze-spruce eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifana nomhlabathi okhanyayo.
- Ibanga elisuka kwifilimu noma ingilazi elivale okuluhlaza okotshani ezitshalweni okungenani ngu-20 cm.
- Ama-cutways atshalwe ekhoneni lika-30 degrees.
- Ukungcwatshwa enhlabathini 1-2 cm.
- Umswakama uhlolwe "kuphahla" - amaconsi amakhulu akufanele alengiswe, kuphela i-mesh enhle yothuli.
- Kuyadingeka emoyeni nsuku zonke.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngenyanga yokuqala lo greenhouse uboshiwe, uphonsa i-burlap noma i-spanbond phezulu ukwenza ilanga lingabi nolaka.
Izimpande emagatsheni zizovela ezinyangeni ezimbili, kepha zidinga ukuthungwa ngokucophelela, ngoba lapho zithunyelwa emhlabathini zivame ukuhlukana
Ungahlela kanjani ama-groupings kanye nama-yedwa ama-conifers wokuhlobisa engadini: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/dekorativnye-xvojniki.html
Zonke izindlela ezichazwe esihlokweni zilungele ukusakazwa kwanoma yiziphi izitshalo ze-coniferous. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala nge-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, khona-ke ungakhulisa ingadi yakho ingadi yonke yobucwebe obuhlala buhleliwe. Into esemqoka ukuthola ukuhlukahluka okuphumelela kakhulu kokuhluma. Futhi le yindaba yokwenza.
