Amabhishi amagilebhisi, njengazo zonke izakhamizi zezihlahla zezihlahla nezingadi zemifino, adinga ukunakekelwa okunekhono. Esikhathini sokumbiwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali, kunamakhulu wezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukukhula futhi zivimbele izifo zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ulondoloze impilo yemivini, ungenza ngekhambi elishibhile - i-sulfate yethusi.
Kungenzeka yini fafaza amagilebhisi nge-sulfate yethusi
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi kuphephile yini esitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala, cabanga ukuthi iyini i-sulfate yethusi nokuthi ithinta kanjani umvini.
Musa ukudida ithusi ne-iron sulfate! Aqukethe izinto eziyisisekelo zokulandela umkhondo.
Ngakwesobunxele kukhona amakristalu e-iron sulfate, asiza ukulwa ne-lichens kanye ne-moss, futhi ngakwesokunxele kukhona ithusi, elivikela amagilebhisi ku-isikhutha ne-oidium
Ithebula: Izici zokuqhathanisa zethusi ne-iron sulfate
| Amapharamitha | I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | I-iron sulfate |
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali nokwakheka kwayo | CuSO4 - ithusi, isibabule | I-FESO4 - insimbi, isibabule |
| Ukubukeka | I-Opaque eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Amabala okukhanya kombala oluhlaza okotshani, okucacile kancane |
| Ukusabela | Sour | Abathathi hlangothi |
| Inhloso yesicelo | Ukuvikelwa kanye nokudla, ukugcwaliswa kwezitshalo ngama-ion ethusi. Iphumelela ekulweni nezifo fungal: isikhutha, i-oidium, zonke izinhlobo zokubola | Ukuvikelwa ezifweni zokukhunta, ukungasebenzi kwegciwane lomhlaba, umsoco, ukugcwala kwezitshalo ngama-iron ion. Inhloso eyengeziwe: ukulwa nama-lichens kanye ne-moss |
| Indlela yokusebenzisa | Isixazululo samanzi ngokuhlangana ne-hydrate lime - i-Bordeaux ewuketshezi - noma isisombululo esinamanzi sento emsulwa | Isixazululo esimanzi sezinto ezimsulwa |
Ukwakheka kwe-sulfate yethusi kufaka usawoti we-sulfuric acid, obhubhisa uqweqwe, ukubola, ukubuka izihlahlana nethusi, okuwumanyolo wezitshalo ezinjenge-iron, i-magnesium, i-chromium nezinye izinto zomkhondo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nge-sulfate yethusi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isihlahla samagilebhisi. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukondla ngokweqile kuyingozi njengokuntuleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sulfate yethusi ishisa amahlumela amasha namaqabunga, okuholela ekufeni kwawo. Ekusetshenzisweni kwanoma yiziphi izindlela, indlela enengqondo ibalulekile - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo.
Ezimweni lapho amagilebhisi acutshungulwa nge-sulfate yethusi
E-horticulture kanye ne-viticulture, ukwelashwa kwe-sulphate yethusi kwenziwa ukuze kulwe izifo futhi njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Ngokuya ngehloso ekhethiwe, isikhathi sokufafazwa siyamiswa bese kuthathwa umthamo womuthi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-Copper sulfate, njengamanye umanyolo wamaminerali, ilungele ukondla amagilebhisi enhlabathini enesihlabathi esibuhlungu nasezinhlafuneni ze-peat, kodwa hhayi kwi-chernozem. I-Copper ibandakanyeka ku-photosynthesis futhi yandisa ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta. Ukulimazeka emvinini yizifo kuwumphumela wokungondleki kahle, kubandakanya nokushoda kwe-zethusi. Isibonakaliso sokuthi lesi sitshalo asinayo le nto yokulandela umkhondo ukukhula okungatheni kwamahlumela amancane nokwenza mhlophe kwamathiphu amaqabunga. Ngokugqoka okuphezulu, okwenziwa emaqabungeni ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, sebenzisa umthamo olandelayo: 2-5 g we-sulfate yethusi ku-10 l wamanzi.
Ukuntuleka kwethusi emgilebhisini kubonakaliswa mhlophe ngamathiphu amaqabunga, imvamisa kule nhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi enesihlabathi
Ukungeqiwa kwethusi emhlabathini akumele kuvunyelwe: kulokhu, ukukhula kwesihlahla somvini kuzovinjwa. Ngakho-ke, uma lina ngemuva kokulashwa nge-sulfate yethusi, kungenzeka ukuthi ufeze futhi hhayi ngaphambi kwenyanga.
Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zokungunda
Njengesikhunta, i-sulfate yethusi iyasebenza ekuvimbeleni:
- amahlazo
- amabala ansundu
- amabala amhlophe
- i-powdery isikhutha.
Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi esimweni esincibilikisiwe, ithusi linokusabela kwe-acid, umuthi uvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwama-mycoses.
Ukuze ugcine ifilimu elivikelayo emvinini ngemuva kokufafaza, engeza izinamathela kwikhambi. Kungaba:
- insipho yokuwasha elolo
- ukugeza i-powder
- skim ubisi.
Isilinganiso esingu-100 g sebhakede lamanzi ngalinye. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi uzohlala kulesi simila, ngeke ugezwe imvula engazelelwe.
Njengoba ukuhlanganiswa okuphumela kungangeni phakathi egatsheni, izindlela ezikhethekile kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukwelapha: I-Ridomil Gold, Strobi, Cabrio Top noma izidakamizwa ezifanayo.
Isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi ekuqoqweni okungama-1-3% sisetshenziselwa ukuthoba izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuzovikela ukutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta.
Ukungena kwezithombo zamagilebhisi ngaphambi kokutshala ku-solution ye-1-3 sulfate yethusi kuzovikela ukutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono ukucubungula isivini
Isikhathi sokufafaza amagilebhisi nge-sulfate yethusi kuya ngokuthi inqubo iyini. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha ezithile zonyaka:
- I-Autumn - eyinhloko, yokubhujiswa kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta;
- intwasahlobo - eyengeziwe, yokuvikela izifo kanye nokuvimbela izifo;
- ihlobo - umsizi, ukucindezela umsebenzi wezinambuzane.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kunganqunywa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwemivini ekwindla nge-sulfate yethusi kuyinto enhle, kepha ukubaluleka kwentwasahlobo kanye nezinqubo zezikhathi zasehlobo akunakuphikiswa. Ake sibacabangele ngemininingwane eminingi.
Icubungula amagilebhisi nge-sulphate yethusi ekwindla
Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa nokuwa okuphelele kwamahlamvu. Kuya ngesifunda, lokhu kungaba yiziqalo noma ukuphela kukaNovemba. Into esemqoka ukuthi ihlathi selivele lilungiselelwe ubusika. Kulokhu, ukufaka isidakamizwa emaqabunga awileyo akusabesabeki; into esemqoka ukunisela ngokuphelele umvini futhi kuvikele isitshalo ekuthelelekeni. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, umvini ugoqwa nge-trellis.
Lapho ucubungula amagilebhisi ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi ekwindla, umvini kufanele uhlanganiswe
Ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo, kubalulekile ukususa nokushisa amagatsha alimile namaqabunga awile. Lokhu kuzovikela ukutheleleka kabusha ngezifo ze-pathogenic.
Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- I-100 g ye-sulfate yethusi ichithwa ku-1 litre wamanzi afudumele (50 ° C) esitsheni sengilazi. Izitsha ezingenasici noma ezingenamafutha ngeke zisebenze - umuthi ungaphenduka futhi uchithe insimbi ne-koqweqwe lwawo.
- Hlanganisa kahle, ulethe ikhambi ku-10 l bese uthele ethangini lesifutho. Lapho uthulula, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlungi, ngoba izinhlayiya ze-sulfate yethusi zingahlala zingaxazululiwe.
- Amagilebhisi afafazwa, azama ukuthola isisombululo kulo lonke umvini.
Ividiyo: Ukulungiswa komvini e-vitriol ekwindla
Icubungula amagilebhisi nge-sulphate yethusi entwasahlobo
Ukuze ungashisi imifino yamathenda, inqubo kumele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Ungaqala ukucubungula kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala okungenani ngu-+5 ° C. Lesi yisimo esibalulekile, ngoba ithusi lifaka isandla ekupholiseni okusheshayo kwezitshalo, okuzoba yingozi kuma-elembu, amaqabunga amadala anamaqhwa entwasahlobo angaba khona.
Inqubo imi kanje:
- Imivini iyakhululwa endaweni yokukhosela ebusika futhi ikhuliswe ngenhla komhlabathi, ivikelekile ekutholeni okomile.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2, isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi silungiswa ngesilinganiso se-100 g nge-10 l lamanzi ngendlela efanayo nasekwenzeni ekwindla.
- Cubungula umvini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Ividiyo: Ukwelashwa komvinini nge-vitriol entwasahlobo
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi nge-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo
Ukwelashwa ehlobo kwenziwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu: ukuze ungasebenzisi imithi enamandla uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ngokufafaza, kuthathwe izixazululo ezibuthakathaka - 0.5%, kanye nokuthambisa umvini ngokumelene ne-lichens ne-oidium - 3%.
Imithamo ye-sulfate yethusi yokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene
Njengoba ithusi eleqile liyingozi yezitshalo, imithamo echazwe ngokuqinile isetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene:
- I-0.5% - 50 g nge-10 l lamanzi wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo kumaqabunga aluhlaza;
- 1% - 100 g nge-10 l lamanzi ekwelashweni kwentwasahlobo;
- I-3% - 30 g ilitha lamanzi ngalinye ukulwa ne-scab;
- I-5% - 50 g ilitha ngalinye lamanzi - ekwindla ukucubungula izihlahla ezindala ezinamandla.
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwezivini nge-Bordeaux ketshezi (inhlanganisela ye-sulfate yethusi enomcako kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 1). Kulokhu, ukugcotshwa kwe-sulfate yethusi kungakhuphuka kuze kufike ku-10%. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingxube ihlala emagatsheni, engeza i-50 g ilitha ngalinye lensipho yokuwasha (noma uyiqoqe bese uncibilikisa isigaxa emanzini) kusisombululo. Kuyadingeka ukucubungula kuze kube yilapho amagatsha emanzi ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kuzoba:
- cishe amalitha ayi-1.5-2 umkhono ngamunye (igama elibizwa ngokuthi yi-perennial branch) elingusayizi ophakathi,
- Amalitha ama-3.5-4 ngesihlahla esikhulu ngasinye esakhiwe kahle.
Ividiyo: imithetho yokulungiswa kwe-Bordeaux ketshezi
I-oda yokulungiselela ikhambi:
- Lungiselela iziqukathi zengilazi zokuxuba.
- Ku-5 l wamanzi afudumele engeza i-zethusi sulfate powder u hlanganise kuze kube yilapho uchithe ngokuphelele:
- I-100 g yokulungiswa kwekhambi le-1%;
- I-300 g yokulungiswa kwekhambi le-3%.
- Cwilisa umcako wokuqala obolile kwilitha lamanzi afudumele, bese uletha isisombululo kumalitha ama-5:
- I-100-150 g yokulungiswa kwekhambi le-1%;
- I-300-400 g yokulungiswa kwekhambi le-3%.
- Faka insipho noma okunye okunamathela obisini luk lime.
- Hlanganisa zombili izixazululo: thela i-vitriol encibilikisiwe ubisi lukalamula.
- Govuza ngokucophelela, uvikele ukwakheka kwegwebu nesifutho.
- Ukwakheka okubangelwa kufanele kuhlungeke ngesihlungi. Sebenzisa ngokushesha;
Imithetho yezokuphepha yokusebenza nge-sulfate yethusi
Lapho kusetshenzwa imivini nge-Bordeaux ketshezi, izindlela zokuphepha kufanele zibhekwe
Ukuzuzisa umvini futhi ungalimazi impilo yakho, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe lapho wenza futhi usebenzisa isisombululo se-iron sulfate noma se-Bordeaux liquid:
- vikela isikhumba ekutholeni umkhiqizo ophelile - gqoka izingubo ezivaliwe, izicathulo kanye nemaski;
- ungafaki ezinye izithako kusixazululo, ngaphandle kwe-sulfate yethusi, isikhunta nensipho;
- fafaza isivini kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu - ngakho-ke amaconsi ahlala isikhathi eside emagatsheni futhi awaphumi elangeni;
- phatha esimweni sezulu esomile nesipholile. Ngesikhathi semvula, akukho maniplication kwenziwa, futhi umoya uvimbele ukufaka umuthi ngokulinganayo emvinini;
- fafaza hhayi kuphela isihlahla, kodwa futhi nokusekelwa okuboshwe kulo, ngoba kungaba ngumthwali wamagciwane wezifo nezifo zokukhunta.
Uma kufanele wenze ukucubungula ehlobo, lokhu akumele kwenziwe kungakapheli inyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa okulindelwe. Njengengxenye ye-sulfate yethusi, kukhona usawoti we-sulfuric acid, okuthi uma udakwe, ubangele ubuthi.
Njengoba ukumiswa kukalamula kuhlala kungaphansi kwezitsha, isisombululo kufanele sihlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokufafazwa, uma kungenjalo kuqala amanzi azowela esihlahleni, bese kulungiselelwa kakhulu.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi yonke indawo yomvini iniselwa, kanti ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi okuningi ngaphansi kwesihlahla akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ungamane umboze umhlabathi ngefilimu, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa izifutho ezihlakazekile ezihlakazekile zesinyathelo sokuqondisa - i-manual pump-isenzo noma amadivaysi kagesi.
Inqubo (kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyisikhathi sokusebenza) imi kanjena:
- Okokuqala ukucubungula phezulu kwesihlahla.
- Bese ufafaza ihlaya eliphakathi.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka umkhiqizo kwimikhono nakwimigqomo.
- Ekugcineni, ukusekelwa kuyathululwa.
Isembozo somlomo sezinto zokusebenza kufanele sigcinwe kude nge-10-20 cm ukusuka egatsheni, kanti indiza kufanele iqondiswe phansi emvinini.
Isifutho esisetshenziswayo sisebenza kalula lapho sicubungula izihlahla ezimbili zomvini, kanti isifutho sikagesi siwusizo esivinini esikhulu
I-Copper sulfate iyisidakamizwa esisebenzayo sokudla okunamaminerali nokuvinjwa kwezifo zokukhunta. Kodwa-ke, ukuyisebenzisa ukucubungula isivini, ungayinaki imithetho, khona-ke izitshalo zakho zizophendula ekunakekelweni ngesivuno esihle kakhulu!
