I-Moss iyisakhamuzi samahlathi anomswakama futhi anomthunzi, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuba sihlangane nakho empilweni futhi sazi okuncane ngalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo. Eqinisweni, wake wahle wasebenzisa isikhundla sebhandeshi lezokwelapha futhi wakhombisa indlela yabantu abalahlekile ababeka amakhowe. Abalandeli bezindlu ezinemvelo abasazisebenzisa izitshalo ezomile ukufaka insimbi emizini yabo. Futhi sithakazela kakhulu uhlangothi lokuhlobisa lwe-moss: kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba futhi uzikhulise ngokwakho ezweni lezwe.
"I-Velvet ekhaphethi" njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa
Amaphutha angajwayelekile esakhiweni nasendleleni aphila ngayo. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele izitshalo zezwe - izihlahla, utshani, izitshalo eziqhakazayo - azinampande nezimbali, noma kunjalo, ukuphuma kwendawo okubuyisa amaqabunga kunomthelela oyingqayizivele wokuhlobisa.
Imibala ehlukahlukene, kusukela kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya obomvana obomvu, ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe i-velvety lawns engajwayelekile, ukuhlobisa amagquma asezintabeni nama-rockeries, "ubudala" uthango lwezitini, iziqu zezihlahla nokubekwa ngamatshe ngamatshe
AmaJapan abengabokuqala ukusebenzisa i-moss ekubonakaleni komhlaba. Babone ukuthi amathanyana amancane endaweni ethile anethezekile kuwo aphile futhi awathuthukisi okubi kakhulu kunezitshalo zasengadini, futhi kwezinye izikhathi aziphakamisa ngokubukeka kwazo.
Emuva ngekhulu le-14, izindela zaseJapan zakha insimu kaSahoji moss, okuthi, njengoba isishintshiwe kancane, isekhona.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-mosses nama-lichens zimboza iziqhingi ezincane, amatshe, iziqu zemithi, nenhlabathi enotshani obukhulu obunemibala ehlukahlukene, okwenza kube nokuthula nokuzola
Isiko lokusebenzisa i-moss ekwakhiweni komhlaba lasakazekela eYurophu, nakwamanye amazwekazi, kuzo zonke izifunda lapho isimo sezulu sinamandla okuba lezi zitshalo ezikhethekile zikhule.
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuhlobisa efanelekayo egcekeni lasehlobo ukudala itshe le-mossy, eliyingxenye yengadi yamatshe noma i-rockery. Isigubungele imbozwe nge-velvet eluhlaza, itshe libukeka ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele - yasendulo, engaqondakali, enhle kakhulu.
Ama-mosses kanye nama-lichens agcwele ukwakheka kwezihlahla zehlathi ezihlanganayo: ukumboza izingxenye ezingezansi zeziqu, kuzivikela ngasikhathi sinye kwisomiso nasekushiseni ngokweqile
Ngokuya ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuhlobisa amafomu amakhulu namancanyana, i-moss isendaweni yonke. “Iminyaka” emifanekisomqondo, izikebhe, imithombo nemidwebo engadini etholakala emthunzini, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe esihle sophahla lwezindlu nama-arbor. Futhi-ke, njengesitshalo sekhava, ifaka izindlela zasengadini, imibhede emincane yezimbali, amachibi nemifudlana yemifudlana.
Izimfihlo nemithetho yokukhula moss
Uma ungumhlazi wezimbali onolwazi futhi usufundile ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izimbali, unakekele utshani futhi uvune isivuno sezithelo ezicebile ekwindla, ungaqala ngokuphepha ukuzalanisa ama-moss futhi uhlobise umhlobiso wezwe noma uthango ngalo.
Abaqambi abaqala bangakhula ngokuzimela ama-mosses noma ama-lichens, sebekwazi izisekelo zokunakekela abameleli bezimbali abangajwayelekile.
Yiphi indawo engcono yokutshala ingadi ye-moss?
Njengoba wazi, i-moss ithanda umthunzi okhethiweyo nenani elikhulu lomswakama, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga izinhlobo zokuhlobisa esitolo noma ngokuzikhipha ehlathini, qiniseka ukuthi impahla yakho yezwe inendawo ehlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
Isibonelo, kungaba yindawo encane yehlathi elixubile noma elixubile lapho kukhula khona uphayinaphu, i-spruce, i-larch noma i-fir.
Njengomthetho, amagatsha e-coniffort akha i-penumbra edingekayo, futhi inhlabathi iqukethe inani elanele lamanzi. Uma i-pine grove ekhanyayo isemhlabathini onesihlabathi owomile, ayilungele ukukhula kwama-mosses
Uhlangothi olusenyakatho lwe-gazebo noma lwesakhiwo, lapho ilanga libukeka khona ekuseni noma kusihlwa, futhi kufanelekile ukudala ukhaphethi velvet. Inani elincane lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet lingaba usizo - ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, amaqabunga angavamile ayashintsha umbala futhi athole ama-shades amaningi athakazelayo.
Indawo enhle yokubekwa kokuqala kwe-moss yinhlabathi yengadi. Eziqeshini ezincane zesod Mossy, ungakwazi ukuqoqa i-lawn enhle ngokumangazayo ngemibala ehlukene.
Amapayipi ama-moss angatshalwa ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla, nasezindaweni ezivulekile, kepha ezibunjiwe - zakha amahle, ahlukile ngokubukeka okwenziwe utshani
Uma ixhaphozi lihlala ngengozi endlini yezwe ngengozi, yi-moss engaba yinto esemqoka yokuhlobisa yokuhlobisa. Kubekwa ichibi elincane elinezitshalo zasemanzini enkabeni yesiza, bese kuthi amabhange edamu nendawo ezungezile akhiwe kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-bryophytes nama-lichens.
Ukusakazeka kwamatshe ambozwe moss, isikebhe esidala esinamanyala, nesikejana sokuhlobisa, esasingcwaba ekhaleni laso ogwini oluthambile lwe-mossy, sivumelana ngokufanele endaweni enhle kangako.
Isithunzi nomswakama akuyona ukuphela kwezimo zokukhula ngempumelelo kwe-moss. Ama-florists anolwazi atusa isifundo sokuqala kwe-acidity yenhlabathi. Ngokufanelekile, i-pH kufanele ibe phakathi kwamayunithi ama-5 no-6.5.
Ukulungiselela impahla yesitshalo
Ngakho-ke, sithole isiza ngokuziphatha kokuhlolwa, kusalokhu kutholakala isitshalo uqobo. Ngeke sibhekane nokutshala ama-moss, kepha sizothola izitshalo ezindala - okungenani ukuze siwone ngokushesha umphumela. Sinezinto ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo:
- thenga izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlobisa esitolo sezimbali;
- iya ehlathini uzitholele amasampula.
Inketho yokuqala ilungile ngoba kuzokwazi ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpawu zemibala nokukhula. Kodwa-ke, akunasiqiniseko sokuthi bazokhula ngokushesha kusayithi lakho, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ubuza umthengisi ukuthi zingakanani futhi lapho kukhulelwe khona izinhlobo ezithile ezicatshangelwe. I-moss ethengiwe idluliswa ngomanyolo futhi icutshungulwe ezifweni ukuze ibe ngcono ngemuva kokuhamba.
Izitshalo ezivela ehlathini eliseduzane kungenzeka zijwayele ngokushesha indawo entsha yokuhlala, uma zibukeka njengendawo ehlukile yokukhula. Ingatholakalaphi i-moss endaweni yayo yemvelo? Okokuqala, ihlathi eliseduze le-coniferous.
Khetha izinhlobo ozozisebenzisa: uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlobisa itshe, susa imicamelo ematsheni, izinkuni moss zizohlobisa iziqu zemithi, kanti ukhaphethi oluhlaza obamboza inhlabathi uzosiza ekuhlobiseni amaslayidi e-alpine notshani
Amathikithi e-moss angatholakala edolobheni. Vakashela amapaki amadala nezikwele, izindawo zakudala zezakhiwo ezinezakhiwo ezicijile zamatshe, amachibi agqitshiwe - endaweni ethile ngokuqinisekile uyokhubeka ekhaphethini eluhlaza obukhulu.
Zama ukuthola izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ngokusemandleni akho, ukuhluka ngobude, umthunzi kanye nezimo ezikhulayo - uzihlola, khetha izitshalo ezingalimelani kakhulu ezilungele isiza sakho
Khetha izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthiwe nezinempilo ezinothile ngombala kanye nobukhulu. Musa ukukhipha izitshalo noma unqume izihloko zazo kuphela. Kuzoba ngokulungile ukumba umqamelo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi bese ukuhlukanisa ngobumnene kusuka esisekelweni.
Zama ukungalimazi ukuphuma kwendawo yokuhlobisa ephezulu nangaphansi. Songa ngokucophelela amaphakethe aqoqiwe (izingcezu ze-mossy sod) kubhasikidi oceze indwangu emanzi ngezansi. Lapho ugcwalisa ubhasikidi, qiniseka ukumboza amasampula ukuze angadalulwa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi umswakama ungashisi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ama-nuances wokutshala okufanele we-moss
Okokuqala, i-moss etshalwe ekwindla iba nezimpande ezingcono kakhulu. Ungazama ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, bese uhlaziya umehluko emiphumeleni. Mhlawumbe izimo zakho zilungele umsebenzi wentwasahlobo.
Inhlabathi ye-filler ilungiselelwe kangcono kusengaphambili. Yenza i-substrate yesakhi: hlanganisa inhlabathi emnyama kanye ne-peat ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, engeza inani elincane lobumba nobumba olwandisiwe. Ubumba lwe-Peat kanye nolwandisiwe luzosiza ukugcina umswakama esikhathini esomile.
Uma i-moss itholakala ehlathini noma ogwini lolwandle, thatha inhlabathi endaweni yakudala yokukhula - ilungele ukuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha
Ngaphezu kwalokho senza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Sithatha ibhakede, ubhasikidi noma isitsha esivumelana nomngane, sigcwalisa ngamanzi ahlanzekile (mhlawumbe entwasahlobo) bese sibeka izingqimba eziqoqiwe noma ezithengiwe sod mossy ukusondla ngomswakama ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Uma indawo ekhethiwe yokutshala, ngenkathi ungekho, ibimbozwe ngamaqabunga noma igcwele ukhula, sikhipha konke okungadingekile ukuze isihlanzana esihlanzekile “esingenalutho” sigcinwe sikhukhulekile.
- Umhlabathi olungele izici umane ukhululwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngokujula (kuze kufike ku-5 cm, hhayi ngaphezulu), kwelinye icala, sigaya izimbotshana eziningi bese sibagcwalisa ngesigatshana esilungiselelwe kwangaphambili noma inhlabathi elethwe ehlathini.
- Sitshala izimbotshana ze-moss ngokusho kwephrojekthi eyenzelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ngezikhathi ezithile, ngemivimbo, ngephethini yokuhlola. Ungasebenzisa izingcezu zombala ezifanayo, ukuqoqa umbhoxo ongenalutho, noma ungasebenzisa izingcezwana ezimibalabala ukwakha amaphethini nemihlobiso.
- Ekukhuleni nasekuvuseleleni okulandelayo, kunconywa ukushiya izikhawu ezincane phakathi kweziqhingi ezitshaliwe.
- Siyaqiniseka ukuthi izingcezu zefudu zilingana ngokuqinile emhlabathini, kungashiyi sikhala somoya. Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ukucindezela izitshalo kakhulu.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, i-lawn entsha kufanele iniselwe, futhi ngokuzayo, qiniseka ukuthi umswakama usezingeni elidingakalayo.
Njengoba ubona, imithetho yokubamba ilula. Ake sibheke ezinye izici ezimbalwa.
Lapho utshala i-moss egqumeni lwe-alpine, ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kokuqala kuyadingeka ukuze izingcezu zesod zingaqhekeki. Ukuze sizilondoloze emthambekeni, simane sinamathele ezintanjeni ezacile (izinzipho zamazinyo nazo kufanelekile) noma izingcezu zocingo. Kamuva, lapho umoss ukhula, zingasuswa
Ezigxotsheni ezindala, yilezo kuphela lezo ezicatshangiwe ezazithathwe endaweni efanayo - izinkuni zokubola "zinezindawo" kahle.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uthola isithombe esihle esisebenzayo ehlathini kwisigaxa esibolile futhi ufuna ukulihlobisa ngekhaya lasehlobo, kuzofanela uthole isiphunzi esidala, ilogi elahlekile noma ucezu lokhuni olunemisuka yokubola.
Kwesinye isikhathi indawo ebushelelezi ebabazekayo ibukeka ithambile futhi inesizotha. Ukuvuselela ukwakheka, sisebenzisa izitshalo zozakwethu. Izakhamizi amahlathi coniferous kufanelekile:
- ferns;
- amahhashi;
- amajikijolo (ama-lingonberry, ama-blueberries, ama-sitrobheli, ama-blueberries);
- izimbali eziphansi (isb. ama-violets);
- noma yiziphi izinhlobo zamalayisense, kufaka phakathi i-moss.
Lawa mathiphu alungele i-mossy utshani, futhi manje cabanga ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-moss ematsheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ingxube yezicucu ze-moss, amanzi nenhlabathi yehlathi. Izakhi ezifakwe kuhlu zihlanganiswa ku-blender, bese zisetshenziswa ebusweni betshe.
Isikhathi sokuqala sizodinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Ungamboza itshe ngefilimu izinsuku eziningana, uhlela ngezikhathi ezithile umoya omncane wokufudumeza.
Isigaxa samatshe sibukeka sisihle futhi senziwe ngopelepisi ngemuva kwekhaphethi eluhlaza, kodwa kungcono sithathe hhayi izingcezwana ezikhanyayo ze-granite, kodwa amakhebuli ajwayelekile grey
Kwesinye isikhathi ingxube ilungiswa ngesisekelo semvelo. Ushukela omncane, i-kefir, amanzi anezelwa ku-mossy turf, eshaywa ngesitshe futhi itshe lihlanganiswa nesisindo esinamathele. Imikhiqizo ilungisa izinhlayiya zezitshalo futhi idlala indima yengxube yezakhi.
Esikhundleni se-kefir, ungasebenzisa iyogathi noma ubhiya, esikhundleni sikashukela - noma isiphi isiraphu enoshukela. Ngale ndlela, akuwona kuphela amatshe ahlotshisiwe, kodwa futhi uthango lwamatshe, izakhiwo zezitini, uthango lwamapulangwe.
Ngokukhula okuhle kwe-moss kukhonkolo, amatshe nophahla lwamatshe, i-graffiti, imihlobiso nemidwebo ethi "bukhoma" ingadalwa kusuka ezingcebeni zayo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-lawns mossy?
Njenganoma yiluphi utshani, i-flowerbed noma i-rocarius, indoda ebunayo idinga ukugcinwa okujwayelekile, okubandakanya ukuswakama, ukuncipha, ukuvuselela kanye nokuhlanza kokuqala. I-Moss ikhula kancane: amaphilisi amasha okuqala azovela ngaphambi kwamaviki ama-4-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Zizovela eduze nezidleke "zabazali" kuzo zonke izinhlangothi noma endaweni eyodwa ethandwa kakhulu ukukhula.
Kulesi sigaba, kufanele uguqule usayizi "we-rug" uma uwudinga ube ngozimele abakhawulelwe. Kuze kukhule amahlumela amasha, okutshala kufanele kugcinwe kumanzi.
Kwenzeka ukuthi izitshalo zingathathi izimpande futhi zife. Akusabeki: thatha enye ukubukeka uyilahle endaweni efanayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-moss omile ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama noma ukubekeka kakhulu elangeni. Ukuchelela okuningi kungavuselela izitshalo ezomile
Ngokungafani notshani wendabuko, ama-bryozoans awadingi ukulungiswa okujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ubumsulwa bayo. Ukungcola amahlathi ngeke konakalise kuphela ubuhle bokubopha okokuhlobisa, kepha kuzodala nokufa kwe-moss noma ukuvela “kwezihlahla eziyimpandla” ezimbi.
Kulula kakhulu ukuvikela umbhoxo we-velvet kusuka ekwindla kweqabunga: ukusabalalisa i-mesh enhle kuyo yonke indawo yotshani, bese umane uyigingqa kanye namaqabunga.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-moss zokuqanjwa kwezwe
Amaphilisi athambile aluhlaza oyindilinga, amafomu amancane e-convex Leucobrius moss.
Izimila zohlobo lwe-Leucobryum zinezimpande kahle futhi zikhulele emthunzini, ezinhlabathini ezinomswakama, yize inani elincane lokukhanya kwelanga lingazilimazi
Okokuhlobisa ukuhamba kwamatshe noma ukhonkolo, amatshe okuhlala noma uthango oluphansi, kusetshenziswa Hypnum moss. Phambilini, lalikwifomu elomile elalisetshenziselwa ukufudumala izindlu zokhuni.
I-genus Hypnum izizwa imnandi endaweni enamatye, ngokhuni nasekwakhiwe ngezitini, noma ihlala isetshenziselwa ukudala utshani.
Bonke abakha amakhowe bazi kahle i-Kukushkin ifilakisi - izitshalo ezincane ezinamacala amile mpondo. Le yi-polytrichum ejwayelekile, ummeleli ocacile wezingadi ze-moss zaseJapan.
Izimila zohlobo lwe-genus Polytrichum commune zithanda inhlabathi enomswakama yehlathi noma indawo enamaxhaphozi. Ezimweni ezinhle, lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-35-40 cm
I-Green moss Dikranum ingukutholwa kwangempela kokuhlobisa amatshe uthango kakhonkolo.
Amaphara amancane ayindilinga omthunzi oluhlaza ogqamile aboniswa ukuphakama okuphansi - aze afike ku-4 cm, ngakho-ke, abambelele ngokuphelele endaweni eqondile
I-Fern moss idala ama-thickets amahle futhi ngaphandle ngamaqabunga ayo aqoshwe ngempela afana ne-fern.
I-Thuidium imane ithande iziqaqa ezinomthunzi engadini kanye nesizungu, ngakho-ke qaphela ukuqamba izingoma ezivela kule moss nezinye izitshalo ezizosinda ngokuqinisekile.
I-Sphagnum ijwayele ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali zasendlini, kanye nasekutshaleni izitshalo zokuhlobisa engadini. Iziqu zesitshalo zengezwe enhlabathini yezimbali ukuze ikhululeke futhi ithambe.
I-Peat moss inama-hues amaningi akhanyayo - ukusuka kokubomvu okupinki kuya eluhlaza okujulile. Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula kwalo ngamabhange emifudlana, amachibi okufakelwa kanye namachibi emvelo.
Njengoba ubona, ukukhula moss akukhona nzima kangako. Ukulima akudingi izindleko zezezimali, futhi izinzuzo azilinganiswa: ngisho nasenkingeni yokukhanya kwesizini ye-off, ama-rugs ahlala egcwele azokujabulisa ngokukhanya kwemibala.
