Ukhukhamba, njenganoma yiziphi izitshalo ezikhuphukayo, ezizama ukunconywa yimisebe yelanga, zihambisana neziqu zazo ezithobekile ezitholakala endleleni isisekela, zivame ukukhuphuka. Endle, la makhaza azungezwe izihlahla ezikhulayo. Lapho kukhula ukhukhamba njengezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ama-trellises ayakhelwa ukwenza ukunakekelwa kwawo futhi athole isivuno esicebile. Ungayenza kanjani i-trellis yamakhukhamba, usebenzisa ubuncane bokuzikhandla nezindleko, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwakha umklamo onokwethenjelwa futhi oqinile, sizocubungula ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Izinzuzo Zokukhula KukaTrellis
Ukhukhamba olukhula ku-trellis lukhiqiza kakhulu kunokuba usakaze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma ibekwe ngokuthe nkqo, isivuno singasusa "imali" yokugcina yonyaka edlule yezinsalela zokutheleleka emhlabathini. Futhi uma izinhlayiya ze-pathogenic ngamanzi zingena emaqabungeni aphansi esitshalo, azisabalali ziqhubeke, zomiswa ngokushesha kanye namaconsi amazolo.
I-tapestry - isakhiwo esiqukethe ukwesekwa nokuma, lapho kufakwa khona uthambo noma i-harness ukufaka izisekelo ezinhle zezitshalo ezikhuphukayo
Ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo ezisekelayo, kusetshenziswa indawo engaphezulu eyenziwe mpo esetshenziswayo, kwakhiwa ama-trellises kusetshenziswa ucingo oluxinekile eduze kwezindonga, izigxobo nothango.
Ama-tapestry angasetshenziswa lapho kukhula ukhukhamba kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ukufakwa okunjalo kunezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zazo:
- Ukulondolozwa komhlaba. Umbhede, ofakelwe i-trellises yamakhukhamba, uthatha isikhala esincane, kepha ungathwala izitshalo eziphindwe kabili.
- Ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo sezitshalo. Ngokuqeda ukuthintana kwesiqu namaqabunga e-creeper enomhlaba, kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala esikweni nge-peronosporosis ne-powdery hlobo.
- Ukusheshisa kwenqubo yezimila. Ezitshalweni ezinomoya omnandi, umehluko wokushisa nsuku zonke awuphawuleki kangako. Ngenxa yokutshala okumi mpo, lesi sitshalo sithola ukukhanya okwengeziwe nokushisa, okuthinta kahle ukukhula kwayo.
- Ukwanda kwamanani ezitshalo. Njengoba isipiliyoni sabalimi besebenzisa ama-trellises lapho kukhula khona ukhukhamba, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusuka endaweni enendawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-5 kuphela, ungaqoqa kufika kuma-80 kg wemifino enempilo. Imifino elenga emiseleni ayonakalisi futhi ibe nombala ogcwele umfaniswano.
- Ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Ukugoqa izinduku, i-liana isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kokusekelwa. Lokhu kwalula kakhulu ukucubungula kweziqu zeziqu kanye namaqabunga ezinambuzaneni, kanye nasekuondleni nasekuchekeleni.
- Ukuvuna isivuno esihlanzekile. Ngenxa yokwabiwa kwesitshalo mpo, izithelo ezivuthiwe azithinti inhlabathi enomswakama, okuqeda ukungcola kwazo.
Futhi ukuvuna kusuka ku-trellis kuthatha isikhathi esincane nomzamo. Phakathi kwesisekelo esiqonde ngokuqondile indawo esekela kulula ukuhamba. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa komfaniswano wesitshalo kanye nokusekelwa lapho ususa izithelo, kulula kakhulu ukuvikela ukwakheka kanye nomonakalo weziqu ezihle.
Ngokutshala okuqondile kwesitshalo, asikho isidingo sokucinga ngawo wonke amahlamvu lapho ufuna isithelo, uma nje isiqu esikhula ngokushesha singafinyelela amamitha amathathu ngesizini
Le ndlela yokukhula nayo ilula ngoba lapho ukhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe, isikhumba sezandla silinyazwa kancane kancane ngezinaliti ezinwebekile zameva amancanyana, avame ukuba khona ezihlahleni zekhukhamba.
I-Classic trellis design
I-trellis yokuxhasa imivini yamakhukhamba ingaba nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ngendlela:
- unxande
- isikwele;
- izithupha;
- isende.
Umsebenzi wokuthunyelwe okusekelayo kwesakhiwo ungenziwa ngamashubhu wensimbi, imishayo yokhuni noma izinsika zesimende. I-mesh ingenziwa ngezintambo ezihlanganisiwe ze-hemp twine, ucingo lwensimbi noma ipulasitiki ekhethekile.
Imvamisa, abalimi, bezama ukunciphisa izindleko zokwakha lesi sakhiwo, bakha i-trellis ephuma ezigxotsheni zensimbi eziqhutshwa zingene emhlabathini, phakathi lapho kudonswa khona i-PVC
Imisethi ye-PVC eqediwe, edayiswa ezikhungweni engadini ngemitha ngayinye, iqondiswe kokuthunyelwe emaphethelweni ngenhla. Umphetho ophansi we-mesh ungcwatshwe emhlabathini, ucindezela izingwegwe ezenziwe ngocingo oluqinile.
I-trellis enjalo ene-canopy yayo ingaba nezilimo ezinomthunzi othanda ingadi engozini yemisebe yelanga: ubhontshisi, rhubarb, chard, arugula ,hlamvu lwesinaphi
I-trellis ehlotshiswe kahle yamakhukhamba izoba ngumhlobiso ofanele wale ndawo, isebenze njengento yokuqala yokuhlobisa.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-DIY
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakha i-trellis yamakhukhamba ngezandla zakho. Konke kuya ngosayizi wendawo ebekelwe ukuhlelelwa kwayo nezinto zokwakha ezikhethiwe.
Inketho # 1 - Wooden Trellis
Kuthatha amahora ambalwa kuphela ukwakha i-trellis yokhuni. Bayakha lapho imbewu isivele itshalwe emhlabathini, kodwa izithombo zokuqala azikabonakali.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwenza i-trellis yamakhukhamba, kufanele unqume ukuthi lowo mklamo uzoba yini.
I-tapestry kuma-rack enziwe ngokhuni ingaba yindlela yesitebhisi esihle ngensimbi eziqinile noma isibuko esime mpo sama slats
Kunoma yikuphi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-racks ama-trellis ngokweqile kufanele abe namandla kunama-racks aphakathi nendawo, ngoba azothatha umthwalo wonke umugqa. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwama-trellises ngobude obungu-2.7 m, kufanelekile ukukhetha ukusetjenziswa kokusekelwa okungaphezulu kokuthunyelwa kwemigoqo enesigaba esingu-50 mm, nakulabo abaphakathi - 35 mm.
Ukuze kwenziwe i-trellis, ezohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesizini eyodwa, kungcono ukhethe izinkuni eziqinile, isibonelo: isifuba, oki, umalibhele, umlotha. Izinkuni ze-poplar, imaple noma i-birch ayilungele le njongo, ngoba zithambekele kakhulu ukubola. Ukunweba impilo yezinto ezenziwe ngokhuni, ngaphambi kokuyingcwaba emhlabathini, amboze imigoqo ezingqekweni ezi-1-2 uwoyela owomile noma ukwakheka kwe-antiseptic.
I-trellis ayibukeki ibukeka kangako, ekwakhiweni kwamaseli okufakwa kuwo izinkuni esikhundleni sombhalo oqinile owenziwe phakathi kwemishayo yohlaka
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukufakwa kokuthunyelwe kokusekelwa. Ama-racks okusekelwa aqhutshwa eceleni kwemiphetho yemibhede yesikhathi esizayo, ebeka ibanga eliyi-1.5-2 m. Ukuthola isakhiwo esime ngokuqinile esingamelana nomthwalo waso kanye nesitshalo, amakholomu angaphansi kwe-trellis abiwa ekujuleni kwama-60 mm.
- Ukuvikela okusekelwa. Ukunikeza lesi sakhiwo indawo ethambekele kancane, okusekelwa kwe-anchor kufakwa engela lika-70 ° okuhlobene nobuso bomhlaba. Izisekeli ze-anchor kufanele zifakwe kusetshenziswa izintambo zensimbi, imiphetho yamahhala yazo inamathele emakhoneni wensimbi angcwatshwe emhlabathini engela lika-90 °.
- Ukwakhiwa kohlaka. Ilungu lesiphambano eliqondile libethelwe emaphethelweni angenhla okuthunyelwe okume mpo. Izosebenza njengohlaka, okuzoinamathiselwa kuyo ukhonkolo lukaloliwe oluncane.
- Ukusebenza kwekhreyithi. Imizila emincane enobukhulu obungamamitha angama-30 ifakwa esikhonkwaneni ngezinsika zokuzithwebula ukuze kutholakale amaseli anobukhulu obuyi-15 cm. Amalunga angathinteka futhi ngeglue engangeni manzi.
Ngabe ufuna ukuthi i-trellis ithwale hhayi umthwalo osebenzayo kuphela, kepha futhi ibe ngumhlobiso wensimu? Bese uyihlinzeka ngesakhiwo sokuqala sombala, esingasikwa ngokuya ngephethini evela ezinsaleleni zesihlahla. Ama-arcs kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo kulula ukuwaxhuma, "azitshala" ku-glue naku-staples, kanti i-arch ngokwayo inamathiselwe ekusekelweni ngokuxhumeka okuhlanganisiwe.
Amaseli angakheka njenge-rhombus noma isikwele, uma efiswa, i-crate kalula "imiswe" kuhlaka, isike imiphetho yamapulangwe
Ekwenzeni i-trellis mesh ukuyilungisa ngohlaka, kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa okokuphalaza, okungenziwa kusuka kwizinzipho ezijwayelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izipikili eziningana zibethelwa kuma-slats, azibeka kude kwe-40-60 cm. Uma zifiswa, amakhanda wezipikili angagoba kancane, azinike ukwakheka kwezigwegwe. Kusele kuphela ukubopha intambo obukhulu kubakaki ngalinye futhi lidonsele ngokufana phansi, ngenxeba lokuphela kwamahhala lensika elisekayo eliseduzane.
Imicu emile idonswa ngumgomo ofanayo. Ukuze udale igridi enamaseli, imicu ebheke phezulu ixhumeka kuqala ngocingo oludlulayo, bese kuthi imikhawulo yamahhala igcotshwe kwizikhonkwane ezihanjiswa emhlabathini.
Inketho # 2 - ukwakhiwa kwensimbi
Ukuze kwakhiwe lesi sakhiwo, kuzodingeka umzamo owengeziwe, kepha ngokuqinisekile kuzohlala iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili.
Imigqa eyenziwe ngezinti zensimbi ingabekwa kude kumamitha ayi-2, kepha uma izinto zivuma, khona-ke izigxobo kufanele zisalungiswa
Ukuze usebenze, uzodinga:
- imigoqo yokuqinisa i-180-200 cm ubude;
- ishubhu elincanyana lesiphambano;
- izikhonkwane zensimbi;
- umshini wokufudumeza kagesi;
- ukumbalela kwengadi kanye nesando;
- ucingo lwensimbi.
Ezindaweni lapho kufakwa khona izikhala zokusekela, izimbobo ezijulile ezingama-35-45 cm zenziwa ngosizo lokushayela kwengadi. Izimbobo zensimbi zangaphambi kokusikwa zifakwa kuzo. Izinsika ezifakwe emigodini zidonswa emhlabathini ngesando. Izinsimbi ezisele phakathi kwezindonga nezindonga zemigodi zigcwele umhlaba futhi ziboshwe ngokuqinile.
Izisekeli ezibanzi ziyaxhunyaniswa, zibekwe eceleni komphetho ophakathi kwabo ogoqekile oluvundlile, izinto zensimbi zixhunywe ngokuxhuma kukagesi
Ukuvikela lesi sakhiwo kusuka ekugqwala, zonke izinto kufanele zihlanzwa futhi zifakwe i-anti-corrosion compound noma upende wamafutha.
Njengoba sebakhe uhlaka lwesakhiwo, baqhubekela phambili ekuhleleni iwebhu yokusonga nxazonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa insimbi yensimbi, emane idonswe phakathi kogqobho nezibambo zensimbi eziqhutshwa emhlabathini. Babekwe kude nge-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye ezinhlangothini zombili zombhede.
Ukwakha ukwakhiwa okuhlala isikhathi eside, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ucingo olunobukhulu obungu-2 mm. Ukwakha iwebhu enezikhala, ucingo lubekwa ngemigqa eminingana, ukudonsa phakathi kwezisekeli kusuka ekuphakameni okungama-15-20 cm kanye nesiqingatha semitha. Umugqa ongaphezulu wenzelwa kahle ngocingo olubanzi (d = 3.5 mm), ngoba luzothwala umthwalo omkhulu.
I-Metal trellis ukwakhiwa okusindayo, okuyinkinga ukuhamba endaweni yonke isikhathi sonyaka, kufezekisa inhlangano yokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi wakho endaweni yokufaka kwisizini ezayo, ungatshala ubhontshisi ongahlangene noma uphizi.
Inketho # 3 - ukwesekwa kusuka kuthayi nesondo rim
Ukwakha inketho ye-trellis engabizi kakhulu, kuyadingeka ithayi elisetshenzisiwe. Uzoba "inhliziyo" yomklamo. Okuhle kakhulu ngale njongo ithayi evela ezokuthutha ngobuningi: ugandaganda, umvuni ohlanganisa noma iloli. Indima yokwesekelwa kwengxenye engenhla yesakhiwo izokwenziwa ngumugqa webhayisekili, lapho kudingeka ukukhipha zonke izitatimende kuqala.
Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo, i-tapestry evela emgqeni webhayisekili ingaba yinto yokuqalwa yokulima okuthe mpo nomhlobiso omuhle wesiza
Okokuqala, ngosizo lwe-grinder, banciphisa ithayi. Ingxenye esikiwe ibekwe endaweni yemibhede ezayo. Izinduku ezi-2 zensimbi ezinobude obungu-1.5-2 m zifakwa enkabeni yombuthano, zizibeka ukuze isakhiwo sibe nobume bendlu.
Ngemuva kwalokho, maphakathi nendingilizi, etholakala ngaphakathi kwesiqongo, nasembambeni wethayi elisikiwe, engeza inhlabathi evundile.
Isikhala esisele ngaphezulu kwesondo kumele "sifihlwe", simbozwe ukusikeka okuvela kubhavu lakudala. Imiphetho yokusikeka iyahlanganiswa, icashe ngaphansi kwesondo elibekwe phansi, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze umbhede wengadi ukubukeka okunembe ngokwengeziwe.
Eqhekeni elinezimbobo, izimbobo eziningana zokutshala izithombo zinqunywa kude. Ukuvikela izithombo zethenda kusuka ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa, i-agrofibre idonswa eceleni komphetho wemibhede eshintshana, ukuyiphakamisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulula nokunisela. Susa izinto zokumboza kanye ne-burlap ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela akhule ngokugcwele efinyelela ku-15-20 cm, futhi izinga lokushisa elizungezile lixazulule.
Ukwakha umphezulu othe mpo, kufakwa isigxobo enkabeni yombhede oyindilinga, lapho isondo lebhayisikile ligxiliswa ngocingo. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu, ngukudlulisa ngokungenantambo imbobo yezinaliti ezinhlangothini ezine zomphetho bese uyisongela ngokuqinile esiqongweni sentonga.
Ukwenza izimbambo, kusala kuphela ukudonsa ucingo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zezinaliti ezindaweni eziningana, kuxhuma imiphetho yomphetho kanye nesisekelo sethayi.
Lapho ikhukhamba ligabha ngamahlamvu lizungeza intambo eseluliwe, i-trellis izobukeka njengetende eliluhlaza.
