Entwasahlobo, kanye nokuvuka kwemvelo, abahlali behlobo nabo bayasebenza, ngoba isikhathi esishisayo siyeza. Ukuthola isivuno esihle ekwindla, kuyadingeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ukulungiselela inhlabathi imibhede yesikhathi esizayo, ukucosha umanyolo oludingekayo ngenani elidingekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidingo zezilimo ezihlela ukutshala imibhede ziyabhekelelwa. Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukondla ingadi nokuthi bangayenza kanjani ngendlela efanele. Kuphakama umbuzo ofanayo, njengomthetho, kubaqalayo abathatha isinqumo sokufunda kahle isayensi yokukhulisa imifino nezimbali endaweni yabo. Isidingo somanyolo womhlaba sichazwa ukwehla kwezinsizakusebenza konyaka. Uma ungacebisi inhlabathi ngezakhi eziwusizo, khona-ke isivuno siyokwehla minyaka yonke.
Izinsuku zokuzala entwasahlobo
Ochwepheshe babheka inkathi yasentwasahlobo isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sokusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo enhlabathini: i-organic, elungiselelwe ngempela, amaminerali, ethathwe ngemithamo echazwe ngokuqinile, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo. Qala inqubo ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuncibilikisa ikhava leqhwa. Abanye abalimi be-amateur benza ukusatshalaliswa kokugqoka okuphezulu phezu kweqhwa, kepha ngale ndlela, izinto ezisetshenzisiwe "zingabhabha" zisuka endaweni kanye namanzi ancibilikile.
Izihlahla zezithelo zingaqala ukondliwa, ngaphandle kokulinda isiqu ukuthi sincibilike ngokuphelele. Izilimo zemifino nezimbali zinconyelwa ukondliwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze ungakhohlwa ukuthi imuphi umanyolo, lapho nokuthi ungawusebenzisa nini, udinga ukwenza uhlelo kusengaphambili. Kulokhu, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi zonke izitshalo zizothola izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhawulo ngenani elilungile lokukhula kwazo.
Lapho ufaka imali, awukwazi ukwenza ngokomgomo: kulapho kungcono kakhulu. Ngoba izinto eziphilayo kanye nezimbiwa, ezethulwe ngokweqile, zingathinta kabi isimo sezilimo ezitshaliwe. Ukugqoka okumbiwa nokuxubile kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Lapho usebenza nezinhlobo ezinjalo, imithamo ekhonjelwe kwilebula kufanele ilandelwe.
Ukugqoka okwemvelo: izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Izinto eziphilayo zihlanganisa:
- indle noma i-humus;
- ukulahla kwezinyoni "
- Peat;
- umquba
Endabeni ye-organic, evula umhlabathi ngokuphelele, iqukethe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo zokulandela umkhondo. Edolobhaneni, la manyolo eningi kuwo wonke amapulazi, ngakho-ke angathengwa ngokungabizi. Uma unikezwe ukuthi uletha izinto eziphilayo njalo ngeminyaka emithathu, imali enkulu kakhulu ngeke idingeke. Ukuzala okungcono kakhulu kwenhlabathi kuthintwa yi-humus (umquba obolile), osakazeke kule ndawo amasonto amathathu kuya amane ngaphambi kokumba umhlaba nokutshala izilimo zemifino.
Umanyolo olungiselelwe kwangaphambili ulungele ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi yasentwasahlobo. Umquba owedlule, owaphenduka i-humus eminyakeni embalwa, ukhulisa ukuzala komhlaba kaningi
Ibhakede lamalitha alishumi le-humus lisatshalaliswa ngemitha ngayinye yesensimu, engabekwa esikhundleni se-peat noma komquba. Nakhu ukuthi ungawenza kanjani umgquba:
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-organic, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala, kunezinto eziningi ezimbi, okungukuthi:
- ezinye izinto (umquba omusha, izinyoni) zingamane “zishise” izimpande zezitshalo;
- inani elikhulu lezimali okufanele zilethwe esizeni futhi zisatshalaliswe, ngokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba;
- ingozi yokungenwa yizimpukane zemifino ye-anyanisi kanye nezaqathe;
- Izinkinga zokuthola ukuthi awekho yini amapulazi namapulazi awodwa eduzane;
- iphunga eliqondile elinokhahlo.
Kunenye indlela ethokozisayo ye-mitlider, imininingwane eminingi kuvidiyo:
Futhi nasi esinye isibonelo sevidiyo mayelana nokuzikhiqiza komanyolo:
Amaminerali ayisihluthulelo sokuthola okuphezulu
Kulula ukusebenza ngomanyolo wezimbiwa, ngoba zithengiswa ngefomu elihlanganisiwe kuzo zonke izitolo ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubala inani lesicelo sabo, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe. Kufanele iqondiswe yimithamo enconywe abakhiqizi, kuya ngezidingo zezitshalo ezitshalwe endaweni ethile yesakhiwo sengadi. I-granular phosphorus kanye ne-nitrogen fertilizer isetshenziswa entwasahlobo ngokuya ngamazinga asunguliwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokumba. Kulokhu, izinto ezisebenzayo zokulandela umkhondo zizoba seduze kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ubunzulu be-pellet obunconyiwe cishe buyi-20 cm.
Abalimi abaningi banobandlululo ngokufakwa kumanyolo, bekholelwa ukuthi "i-chemistry" ilimaza umhlaba nezitshalo ezikhula kuwo. Vele, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akuthuthukisi ekusetshenzisweni kwamaminerali. Ngale njongo, udinga i-organic. Kodwa izitshalo zithola ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo zokukhula, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Amalungiselelo asekelwe ePotassium anengxenye ekuvuthweni kwezithelo ngokushesha. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, ohlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu, uyakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo sezitshalo zazo zonke izakhamzimba. Izembatho eziphezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyatholakala ngesimo se-ketshezi noma ngemiganu.
Umanyolo wamaminerali emigqeni yemigqumo asetshenziswa entwasahlobo ngemithamo echazwe ngokuqinile enhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela enikeza izitshalo nawo wonke umsoco odingekayo
Kumamitha ayi-sikwele engadi entwasahlobo ngokuvamile enza:
- I-300-350 g yokugqoka kwe-nitrogen ephezulu (ammonium nitrate, urea noma urea);
- 250 g we-phosphorus;
- I-200 g - izinto ze-potash ezingathathelwa indawo ngomlotha wezinkuni.
Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okuqinile kwesitshalo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaphindwa, kepha isilinganiso sawo wonke umanyolo sincishiswa ngesici sabathathu.
I-granular superphosphate ingumanyolo wenitrogen-phosphorus womhlaba wonke ofanele ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Inikeza ukudla kwezilimo ezitshalwe ezweni noma engadini
Ngokungafani nomanyolo we-organic, izakhiwo zamaminerali kumele zisetshenziselwe inhlabathi minyaka yonke. Futhi imali eningi kufanele yabelwe kusuka kwisabelomali somndeni sokuthengwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali. Ngokwemvelo, ngeke kudingeke ulinde isikhathi eside ukubuya kokutshala imali. Ekwindla, isiza siyojabulisa ngesivuno esicebile, futhi izilimo zezimbali zizoqala ukuletha ubumnandi obuhle kakhulu ngaphambili.
