I-Rapeseed - Isithwathwa saminyaka yonke, isitshalo esilinywa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokufaka umanyolo we-rapeseed
Ukudlwengula kukhula kahle kwi-chernozems nge-reaction acid kancane. Inhlabathi kulezi ziqephu kufanele ihlanzwe kahle ukhula, njengasesikhungweni sokuthuthukiswa, izithombo zivinjelwe ngaphansi kwethonya lokhula. Emhlabathini owunzima, ukulima okujulile kusetshenziswa, ngenxa yenzuzo ye-stratum enkulu, inhlabathi eminyene kakhulu ikhululiwe, izinsimbi ezincane ziphukile futhi inhlabathi igcwele umoya-mpilo. Le ndlela igqugquzela ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande yesitshalo, amazinga omhlabathi womhlabathi. Ukudlwengulwa ebusika, ngisho nenhlabathi enezimbungulu ezincane kubalulekile, ngoba lokhu, emva kokulima okujulile, inhlabathi imiswe kahle nomlimi ekujuleni kwenzalo.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zenzo kufanele zenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze inhlabathi ingabe iyomile.
Kuze kube ngamaphesenti angamatshumi amathathu e-nutrients canola esuswa emhlabathini, wonke umsoco udinga ukuhlinzekwa amaminerali kanye neziqu eziphilayo. Hhayi, uma i-organic isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesiko esidlule. Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yezithombo kanye nokuvunwa okuphezulu kwama-rapeseed kwenziwa i-nitrogen. Ngosizo luka i-phosphorus izitshalo ze-rosette zibekiwe, kanye nesistimu yezimpande. Potassium compounds ngcono ukuhlanganiswa kwezicubu eziphuziwe, ukwandisa ukumelana nokubandayo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela
Imbewu ehlaziyekile ayikho isidingo sokuvuthwa eside emva kokuvuna, ayanele ukuhlanza nokuma. Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ikhethiwe ngeRoyfla (amitha angu-30 ngetoni ngayinye).
Imbewu efanele ukutshala kufanele ibe nalezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo:
- Imbewu engu-1000 isisindo kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-7 g;
- ubumsulwa buka 96-98%;
- ukuhluma ukufika ku-96%;
- umswakama awukho ngaphezu kuka-12%.
Uyazi? I-Canola yaziwa futhi yasetshenziswa cishe ngo-4000 BC. Ososayensi baphikisana ngokusuka kwawo, njengokudlwengulwa kwendle akukhulumi.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwe-rapeseed
Ukudlwengula ngemuva kokutshala okuphumelelayo, ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokutshala umhlabathi, kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Izitshalo zibaluleke ngokufanayo ekukhuleni kwamahlumela: lezi zici ezifana nesibabule, i-magnesium, i-boron, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, ithusi, i-zinc ne-cobalt. Ngokuntuleka kwe-boron, isibonelo, isitshalo sesitshalo sinciphisa, futhi izimbali ziphuza, futhi ngaphandle kwesibabule ama-pod angase aqale ngisho nokuqala. Ngalokho-ke, ngesikhathi sokushiya izinto ezilahlekile zenziwe ngendlela yokugqoka.
Ukudlwengulwa kwebusika
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela imbewu yama-rapeseed ebusika senziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngobusika, isitshalo sinokuphakama kwama-25 cm namaqabunga ayisishiyagalombili. Ihlumela elinjalo liyakwazi ukudlula ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela. I-rapeseed yasebusika ikhula kahle emhlabathini ogcwele umquba noma enhlabathini enhlabathini. Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu ayihambisani nayo, kanye nomswakama omile. Ungalungisa icebo ngosizo lomlimi noma umlimi weFokin Ukubalwa kwembewu: 200 g ngamamitha ayizi-square eziyikhulu. m. Ukuhlwanyela ukuhlwanyela kungu-3 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 30 cm.
Ukudlwengula kwe-Spring
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa ukudlwengulwa entwasahlobo, kunquma ukushisa kwenhlabathi. Ekujuleni kokutshala umhlaba kufanele kube nokushisa kwe--5 kuya ku -7 ° C. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izitshalo azihlaselwa yizinambuzane futhi zingakwazi ukuncintisana nokhula. Ukudlwengula kwe-Spring kuvame ukuhlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngendlela ehlwanyelayo yokuhlwanyela, ububanzi buyi-2 cm, ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa ngu-15 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sesitshalo yizingcezu ezingu-120 ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye.
Ukhula, izinambuzane nokulawulwa kwezifo
Uma ukudlwengulwa kusitshalwe, kuyadingeka ukusula inhlabathi, kepha akusiyo ukuthi imbewu yalesi sihlahla ayihlali, futhi ngeke ihlume kanye nezithombo zokudlwengula. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nokhula: "Butizan", "Fusilad" no- "Lontrel" (kusiza ngokubusa kwabantu abamnyama kanye ne-bedstraw).
Izinambuzane ezimbi kunazo zonke zokudlwengula ziyi-beetle elinezimbali ezibandayo neziphuzo. Ekulweni nalezi zinambuzane zisiza izidakamizwa "Alpha", "Decis" no "Fastak." Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula nentuthuko, lesi sitshalo sibhekene nezifo ezifayo, njenge-Alternaria, i-peronosporoz, i-sclerotinia. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuhlanza izixazululo ze-fungicides.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuvuna i-rapeseed
Ukudlwengula ukuvuna kunemibono yayo: ngoba ikhula ngokungafani, ikhula ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
I-rapeseed ebusika
Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okungalingani, kungenzeka ukuthi ukulahlekelwa isitshalo esithile, njengoba ama-pod evuthiwe eqala ukuphahlazeka. I-rapeseed ivunwa ngokuhlanganiswa ngokuqondile (ezindaweni ezincane ezingenayo i-industrial value, sebenzisa i-cutter flat cutter). Ukuvuna kuqala ngokuvuthwa okugcwele, okuqukethwe komswakama kwembewu kufanele kube kusuka ku-9 kuya ku-12%. Ngezinga eliphansi landa ukulahlekelwa. Ukuze izitshalo ziboshwe ngophawu oluqinile ekuvuthweni, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza okuhlukene. Umswakama wembewu kufanele ube kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-45%, ama-pods aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukudlwengula kwe-Spring
Ukuvunwa kwe-spring rapeseed kufana nokuvuna kwasebusika. Uma izinsimu ezihlanjululwe zivinjelwe kakhulu nge-chamomile noma embhedeni wombhede, ukutshala kuhlanzwa ngezidakamizwa. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa ("Basta") noma ekuvuthweni okugcwele ("Reglon"). Ngemuva kwesonto emva kwenqubo, ungaqala ukuhlanza. Okuqukethwe umswakama wembewu kumele kube ngu-20%.
Qaphela! Kunconywa ukuhlanza ukusika okuphezulu 5 cm ngaphansi kwe-pod ephansi kakhulu. Imbewu ithola umswakama omncane kusuka etsheni.
Umphumela we-rapeseed emhlabathini
Kunombono wokuthi i-canola ibulala inhlabathi. Akunjalo. Izinzuzo zokuhlwanyela ukudlwengula:
- ngokushesha ukhulula insimu
- kuthuthukisa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, kunciphisa ubungozi bokukhukhula kwamanzi nomoya, kunciphisa ukukhula kwesokhula,
Lesi sitshalo sithuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi: Uhlelo lokudlwengula lukhulula kakhulu umhlaba, luthatha i-nitrate futhi lwenze ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Izinhlobo zasebusika, emva kokuvuna, zishiya izinsalela eziphilayo emhlabathini, zifaka umquba. I-canola ibhubhisa inhlabathi, ithinta izimpande zezitshalo. Lesi sitshalo siyisandulela esihle sezitshalo, isivuno saso sanda ngaphandle kwezindleko ezikhethekile.
Isitoreji esiphuthumayo
Ngemuva kokuvuna, imbewu ephuziwe idinga ukuhlanzwa nokumiswa. I-rapeseed yama-oilseed nayo inethonya kusitoreji. Ukuze uthole isitoreji evamile udinga ukumelela ku-8-9% umswakama. Bahlanza imbewu kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezihlahleni ezikhethekile. Ukwenza lesi sieve singagciniwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa ngamathambile, hhayi ngemigodi eyindilinga. Nciphisa umswakama ngama-dryers ashisayo noma abalandeli.
Ukuphakama komswakama kumbewu, kuphakama izinga lokushisa lokumisa. Ngomswakama we-12%, izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelele ku-65 ° C. Ngemuva kokumiswa, imbewu kufanele ikhunjelwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside. Emapulazini angenawo ama-drieders nezinhlelo ezinamandla zokuphuza umoya, imbewu iyomile ezindaweni ezinkulu. Benza ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, besakaza imbewu ungqimba olungaphezu kwamamentimitha amahlanu. Imbewu idinga ukugujwa njalo. Imbewu kumele igcinwe ekamelweni elinyene lomoya elisezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-5 ° C.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudlwengula ezindaweni ezahlukene
Amafutha okugcoba asetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zempilo yethu. Isetshenziswa embonini yokunyathelisa, embonini yesikhumba neyesigqebhezana, emakhemikhali, emafutheni kanye nasezimboni zezolimo.
Amafutha okuphuza - izinzuzo nokulimala
Ukwakhiwa kwamafutha aqoshiwe kufana namafutha omnqumo. Iqukethe umzimba womuntu odingekayo, ama-omega 3, 6, 9, ama-acids angu-9. Amafutha athile nge-vitamin E ne-linoleic acid. I-Omega ithinta ukuvimbela ukwehlisa kwemithambo yegazi, ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezingxenyana zegazi, ukunciphisa ama-platelets e-cholesterol. Lawa ma-acids afanayo ne-linoleic acid akhuthaza umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
I-Vitamin E ivuselela amasosha omzimba, iqinisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba. Ukudla amafutha e-rapeseed ekudleni kusiza umuthi wamathunjini. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zama-rapeseed ziwusizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Amafutha aqukethe i-hormone estradiol, ehambelana ne-hormone yabesifazane. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yamathumba omzimba abulalayo, kwandisa umsebenzi wokuzala kubantu besifazane.
Isimo esibi kakhulu ukukhona kwe-erucic acid emafutheni. Kodwa namuhla amafutha, akhiqizwa ngezinhloso zokudla, ayinakho inani elikhulu lale nsimbi. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa amafutha aphuziwe kubantu abaphethwe yisifo sofuba, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi komkhiqizo.
E-cosmetology
I-rapeseed ku-cosmetology isetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba nasekuqedeni izinkinga ze-dermatological. Uma ungeza amafutha emkhiqizo wokunakekelwa kwezinwele, uzoba izinwele eziluhlaza, ezikhanyayo, ezinamandla, ezilimaziwe zizobuyiselwa, futhi ukugqama kuyodakalala.
Ukuze uvikele isikhumba sobuso nezandla ukuba kungabi nesimo sezulu eshisayo, yenza imaski ngokufaka amafutha e-rapeseed. Imaski yamafutha, ijusi kalamula kanye nebhanana imhlophe kakhulu. Uma ufaka ikhofi yomhlabathi oqhekekile kule maski, uthola ukuhlunga. Amaski asebenzisa i-oiled rapeseed ithoni, avuselele futhi anondise isikhumba. Ngesizo semikhiqizo esekelwe e-rapese, ungakwazi ukunakekela isikhumba, izandla, intamo, ubuso ne-decolleté.
I-Rapeseed Biofuel
Njengoba kunikezwe isimo semvelo, ososayensi emhlabeni jikelele bahlakulela izinketho ze-non-toxic and ephephile. Amafutha okuphuza asebenza ngokuqinile kwenye yezindawo ezihola kule niche. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okunjalo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nemiphumela eyingozi emkhathini. Umholi ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli ophuziwe yi-biodiesel yiJalimane. I-hektare engaphezu kwesigidi yomhlaba isabelwe ukutshalwa kwama-rapeseed ezweni, okungaba ngu-10% kuwo wonke umhlaba wezolimo.
Kuyathakazelisa Izindleko zebheyili ye-biofuel esiteshini segesi eJalimane yi-0.75 euro, uma kuqhathaniswa, i-diesel fuel ejwayelekile ibiza u-0.90 euro ngelitha ngalinye.
Ngakho kuyini amafutha e-rapeseed? Yiqiniso - Lokhu ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo owusizo, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuthatha u-14% wokukhiqiza umhlaba jikelele wamafutha zemifino. Kuyinto umkhiqizo wokudla wabantu nezilwane, izinto eziwusizo zembonini enzima futhi elula, isithako esibalulekile semithi kanye ne-cosmetology futhi, ekugcineni, uphethiloli olungangcolisi umoya wethu futhi kusiza ukulondoloza izimali zomhlaba ezilinganiselwe.
