I-Alstroemeria - isitshalo esimnandi esasiza kithi esivela eNingizimu Melika. Engxoxweni yaseRussia ungathola elinye igama - i-Alstroemeria.
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezimbali ezinhle. I-Alstroemeria iyisitshalo sokuhlobisa, ikhulile ekhaya, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngezikhathi ezithile njengesitshalo segadi.
Imbali ingavame ukutholakala ngezimbali, njengoba ingayithokozisa isikhathi eside emgodini ngebuhle bayo. Ngesibindi ubhekwa ngenye yezitshalo ezinhle kunazo zonke ezimilayo.
Iphuzu elibi kuphela lembali ukuthi izimpondo zalo ziwa ngokushesha kakhulu.. Indlela yokukhulisa i-alstroemeria nendlela yokunakekela ngayo ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.
Uyazi? Ematendeni athengisa izimbali, kukhona umbhalo obhalwe ukuthi i-Alstroemeria "iyimifucu yeminduze nama-orchid," kodwa akulona iqiniso. Eqinisweni, kungokomndeni wezitshalo ze-herbaceous eziyi-tuberous.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-Alstroemeria yezithombo
Uma ukhula i-alstroemeria ngosizo lwembewu, izimbali zenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-2. Kwezinye izimo, isikhathi singathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-3.
Ngokutshala imbali udinga ukulungisa umhlaba, ukushisa, kodwa ngaphandle kwemisebe eqondile indawo. Uma ulandela kahle yonke imithetho lapho utshala futhi uthandana, imbali izojabula ngokuqhakaza kwayo yonke ihlobo.
Lapho ukutshala
Ukutshala imbewu yemifino ezimbizeni kungcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuphela kukaFebruwari-ukuqala kukaMashi yisikhathi esihle sokuqala kwembali. Kodwa ngezinhlamvu ezehlukene zesitshalo kukhethwe isikhathi sokutshala. Kungcono ukhethe usuku olumnyama nolushushu lokutshala izithombo.
Umhlabathi we-Alstroemeria
Umhlabathi we-alstromeria udinga ukulungiselela kusengaphambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha u-2/3 we-humus amaqabunga, bese ugcwalisa lonke leli tangi nge-turfy ground. I-turf emhlabathini kahle idlula umoya namanzi, ine-asidi enhle imbali idinga.
Hlanganisa kahle, bese ungena ngokuphepha embewu yokutshala. Uma utshala, kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali amakhemikhali kanye nezikhukhula zokukhula.
Inqubo yokufika
Ngemuva kokuba ulungiselele inhlabathi imbali, ungaqala ukutshala. Ebhodini noma eminye isitsha oyisebenzisayo, ungakhohlwa ukubeka amanzi phansi. Ibanga elihle noma amatshebhisi angasetshenziswa.
Beka imbewu yesitshalo phansi bese ucindezela kancane ukuze zijule ezigabeni ezimbili zokukhula kwakho. Fafaza phezulu ngenhlabathi, bese uthele futhi umboze ubhodlo nge-plastic wrap.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo ze-alstroemeria ngalokhu kuphelile, futhi ungathumela izimbali ekuqaliseni.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-alstroemeria ingakwazi ukukhulula izinto ezibangela ukucasula esikhumbeni.
I-stratification yembewu
I-Alstroemeria stratification iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika. Ngokunciphisa kusho ukuguga imbewu ekushiseni okuthile ukusheshisa ukukhula kwabo.
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ehlanganiswe ne-foil ifakwe endaweni ehamba ngayo lokushisa kusuka ku +2 kuya ku-5 °. Lapho, imbali ikhulile izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20.
Enye imbewu ingase ikhule kancane kancane, futhi ihlumela lizovela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30. Ukushisa okuphansi okunjalo kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwenzalo ngokushesha. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Stratification kuphela uma i-stalk encane ibonakala.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala imbewu ehlume kuhle kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingozi yamahlumela e-frost ebusuku, futhi amahlumela ngeke asongelwe. Ukutshala, kutuswa ukuba ukhethe usuku olufudumele, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga elishisayo, lapho umhlaba umile ngokwanele.
Sima imigodi ebangeni elingama-30 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ukujula kwe-fossa akungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-25. Ngaphansi komgodi sifaka ungqimba we-10 cm olungiselelwe umquba ophilayo. Sijula kancane impande yehlumela futhi simboze umgodi ngomhlaba.
Fafaza ngamasentimitha ambalwa we-mulch phezulu. Kuzosiza ukulwa nokuhluma kokhula futhi isikhathi eside ukugcina umswakama ngokwawo. Kodwa ungafihli ngokuphelele lehlumela ngaphansi kwebhulaki. Khona-ke yonke indawo yokufika iphuziswa kakhulu ukuze amanzi afinyelele phansi kakhulu emgodini.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwezimo akufanele sigcwalise impande engaphezulu kwe-22 °. Emva kokuchayeka kule lokushisa, ama-rhizomes angase aqale ukufa.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele - ukuqhakaza okuningi
U-Alstroemeria ujabulise wena ngobuhle bokuqhakaza kwawo, udinga ukuyikhathalela ngokufanele futhi ngokushesha. Esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kwembali kudinga indlela ehlukile. Ukuphuza njalo kanye nokufaka umanyolo ovuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanele - isihluthulelo sokukhula kwembali okuphumelelayo.
Naphezu koqweqwe lwe-mulch, ukhula luzoqhubeka ludabula, udinga njalo ukhula imibhede. Izimbali ze-Alstroemeria ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, emva kwezinyanga ezimbili, futhi ziyaqhakaza kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, sinciphisa i-peduncle, eshiya cishe u-7 cm we-stem.
Ukudla okungokwemvelo kungenziwa okungaphezu kabili ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sinqunywe engxenyeni engenhla bese sigubha kanye nomsuka. Futhi uma isikhathi sasebusika singenjalo njenge-frosty, futhi sineminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibili, ungagcwalisa isayithi lokufika ngezinhlamvu ezomile.
Indlela yokunakekela inhlabathi
Inhlabathi lapho i-alstromeria ikhula khona kufanele ibe ne-acidic ngokulinganisela, ngenani elincane lomanyolo. Inhlabathi idinga ukuchelela njalo, umswakama kufanele ungene ngaphakathi kwe-3 cm ejulile. Lapho inhlabathi ihluma, amahlumela ngeke afe, kodwa lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa phansi nesimo sayo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezihlahla, inhlabathi kufanele igcwale kakhulu nge-nitrogen, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka - nge-potassium. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo olinganiselayo one-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-magnesium. Ukufakelwa komanyolo we-alstroemeria kufanele kwenzeke entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Indlela yokwandisa izimbali
Izimbali ze-Alstroemeria ngokuyinhloko zixhomeke ekunakekeleni nasekukhulisweni kwenhlabathi. Kodwa ukuze kugcinwe izimbali ezimibalabala, lesi sitshalo kufanele sitholakale ukusika izihlahla.
Emva kokutshala, imbali ngokushesha ihlumela amahlumela amaningi, amahlumela angu-75 kuya ku-110. Kumele zilungiswe njalo ngenyanga. Kususwe iziqu ezibuthakathaka nezincanyana. Ngokuvamile, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yonke shrub inqunywe, okunikeza zonke iziqu ukuba ziqhume isikhathi eside futhi zikhanyise.
Lapho ukumba nokugcina ama-rhizomes
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqhakaza kwe-alstroemeria, kungenzeka ukuthi angeke aphile ebusika, futhi ama-foliated or twig flooring avela phezulu angeke amsize. Ama-Rhizomes aneziqu adinga ukumba kanye no-2, neminyaka emithathu, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqiniswa kakhulu.
Ekwindla, ngenkathi iqhwa ebusuku liqala, sekuyisikhathi sokumba izimbali. Ukuze senze lokhu, sibheka iziqu kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubude. Sithatha ifolkki bese siyigcina ngokucophelela ukuze singalimazi impande.
Umsuka ovuliwe ushiywe emhlabathini, kuphela ukuwuhlanza kancane. Igumbi lobumba kufanele limile kancane, ukuze ngesikhathi isitoreji sasebusika izimpande zingavali. Gcina izimpande egumbini elingaphansi noma nge-cellar, noma kwenye indawo ngezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kuka-5 °.
Uyazi? Uma intombazane yakho isifo sofuzo, mnike izimbali ze-alstroemeria, lezi zimbali azizinambuzane futhi azibangeli izifo.
I-Alstroemeria ku-design landscape
Imbali enhle neyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-Alstroemeria, ingaba umhlobiso oyinhloko wengadini yakho yangaphambili, ibe isizinda esihle, noma ikhona ngokuvumelana nezakhamuzi eziningi ezinhle zezwe. Ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu (kwezinye izimo kuze kufike kumamitha angu-1.7) nemibala ehlukahlukene ekhanyayo: kusuka ku-pink kuya ebubende, kubukeka buhle njengemvelaphi yama-roses.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-fragility ye-Alstroemeria ne-roses enamandla ingenye yezitshalo ezidumile kakhulu. Futhi inhlanganisela enhle nabo ukutshala kwama-chrysanthemums. Ikakhulu uma ukufika kokubili kwezinhlobonhlobo kwenziwa ngemibala elula.
Futhi ku-pallet nge-gerberas sebenzisa amathoni a-orange ne-pink. I-Alstroemeria ingasetshenziswa endaweni ephakeme embhede wakho wembali. Kuphela kulabo abaphikisana nembali udinga ukukhetha izitshalo eziningi ezinjenge-stonecrop noma iris. Ukuphupha, ungazuza ukuvumelana endaweni yakho.
Uyazi? I-bouquet enezimbali ezinqunywe zingamelana nenyanga eyodwa!
Izindlela zokuzalanisa i-alstroemeria
I-Alstroemeria ikhiqiza ngezindlela ezimbili: nge imbewu nokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. Kuzo zombili izimo, izimbali kufanele ziphazamiseke entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sikhule. Uma uphazamisa amahlumela avundile ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngeke asakwazi ukuqhakaza kulo nyaka.
Imbewu ingavunwa yedwa, futhi ingagcina umsebenzi wayo othela izithelo iminyaka engaba ngu-4. Izimpande nazo zabiwa kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sikhule. Kungcono ukhethe ama-rhizomes esondayo, omncane kakhulu anganikeza amahlumela abuthakathaka, noma angabi ukukhuphuka. Ukumba ukuthi kungcono ukusebenzisa amafoloko, ukuze ungalimazi ama-rhizomes.
Ama-rhizomes ahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu, kumele wonke abe nempilo enhle, athuthukiswe futhi abe nama-10. Ukuvimbela ukungena kwamagciwane, cubungula izigaba ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
Sitshala izimpande mayelana nezingcezu ezingu-4 ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye. Ukujula komgodi ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ebukhulu bomsuka, kodwa ngokuvamile awukho ngaphezu kuka-30 cm. Ngemva kokutshala, simboza umhlabathi ngamanzi nomquba. Uma izimpande zithuthukile kahle, iziqu zezimbali zizovela ngonyaka ozayo.
Imbewu
Ukukhula kwe-alstroemeria kusuka emkhunjini kungenzeka kokubili ezimbizeni zezithombo, futhi ngokushesha emhlabathini. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-Alstroemeria zingasinda esikhathini sasebusika, ngakho-ke iminyaka engama-2-3 kuyodingeka zidonswe ebusika.
Ukuze imbewu ikhule, idinga ukuklanywa, ukuguga enhlabathini ekhethekile emazingeni athile okushisa, ngaphambi kokuba kuhlume isitshalo. Imininingwane yale phuzu ichazwe ngenhla kulesi sihloko.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-alstroemeria ezinambuzane nezifo: ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nabo uma kunqotshwa imbali
Naphezu kobubele kanye nokuhlukumeza kwembali, kunzima ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwezilokazane nezifo. Uma umhlaba unamanzi amancane noma uma umoya unomswakama, i-alstroemeria ingagula. ukubola okumpunga.
Kungaba njalo ngesikhathi sezulu esinzima. Ukuze ulondoloze isitshalo, udinga sisebenzise ngesisombululo sesisekelongokuphinda ngemva kwamasonto amathathu.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-alstromeria zikhona ama-slugs, izibungu zesicabucabu, izibungu kanye nezidakamizwa ezidla amahlamvu. Kodwa uma uqala ukuphatha i-alstromeria ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nemithi ephumelelayo njengeKarbofos, Aktara, noma izindlela ezifanayo, izinambuzane zesitshalo akuzona ezimbi.
Ubuhle bembali buyakuthandwa kulo lonke izwe, ngakho-ke ungayibona noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ungase futhi ukhule i-alstormeria engadini yakho, ugcine imithetho elula yokunakekelwa.
