I-Bonsai yisiko elidinga amakhono akhethekile ekukhuleni izitshalo ezincane ngokubukeka okuhlukile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-bonsai, kepha okuvame kakhulu iBenjamini. Izinhlobonhlobo ngayinye zidinga ukunakekelwa nezimo ezikhulayo. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke ungathola isihlahla sokuqala ngisho kusuka ku-ficus.
Bonsai Crown Formation
AmaBonsai ayizitshalo zasendlini ezidinga ukuzithenwa njalo. Lokhu kunikeza ukukhanga okubukwayo kanye nekhono lokulawula ukukhula. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-bonsai.
I-Bonsai Ingadi
Kubalulekile! Ukunquma, udinga isethi ekhethekile yamathuluzi.
Ungazakha kanjani i-bonsai ngokwakho (krone):
- Ukudubula ngakunye akumele kube namabili angaphezu kwama-6 amaqabunga. Ungaqala kusuka phezulu, ngoba lapha basusa inani eliphezulu kakhulu lamahlumela.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unquma amagatsha amade kakhulu, awomile, awondlekile, awonakele futhi awunawo umbala.
- Susa izinqubo eziguqulwe ziguqukele ekukhuleni zibheke esiqwini.
- Isikere kufanele sisuse amaqabunga ngokweqile uma kunezindawo ezinokubunjiwe okuqinile emagatsheni.
Izinketho Zokwenza Umqhele
Ukwakhiwa kwe-bonsai nakho kugobe oluhle lwesiqu, amagatsha. Lokhu kungatholakala kuphela ngocingo. Amahlumela nesiqu kudonswa ngocingo oluqinile. Njengoba ikhula, ukwakheka kwengcingo kuyashintsha, okuzoqondisa ukukhula kwamagatsha, kanye nesimo sawo. Amakhono namahora wesipiliyoni esisebenzayo ayadingeka.
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe
Njengoba umqhele ukhula, ingxenye esemoyeni ingenza lesi sitshalo sibe nzima ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuguquguquka kwe-fulcrum. Uma ekuqaleni ukhetha ibhodwe elingalungile, khona-ke isihlahla siyohlungwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma izimpande zivuleke.
Ungayikhetha kanjani ibhodwe le-bonsai:
- Bathanda amabhodwe akhethekile enziwe nge-ceramics enziwe ngokukhethekile ama-bonsai akhulayo.
- Uma kunesifiso sokukhetha umthamo ojwayelekile wokutshala, thola imbiza yobumba engashoni.
- Umthamo kufanele ube ngokungajulile, kepha mkhulu ngamasentimitha. Lokhu kuzovumela izimpande ukuthi zikhule kuzo zonke izinkomba.
- Ukuba khona kwezimbobo zokudonsa kuyimpoqo. Zenzelwe ukukhipha umswakama ngokweqile nokunamathiselwe okwengeziwe kwezimpande.
- Ungathenga i-bonsai planter ekhethekile enezici ezifanayo njengesitsha esikhethekile.
Imbiza ephelele
Ubungako bezitsha ezinjalo bulele ekwakhiweni. Kukhona izinkomishi ezijwayezayo ezilingana ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwezitayela zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Ezinye zenziwe ngesitayela se-retro, ezisikhumbuza ngesitsha esidala. Izitsha zesitayela saseJapan zakha ukunambitheka kwasemuva.
Ukukhethwa Kwenhlabathi Yendlu yeBonsai
Inhlabathi ye-bonsai kufanele idlule kahle umoya, kepha ibe mnene ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zilungiswe. Uma ukhulisa i-bonsai engadini, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuhlala kungashintshiwe.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe! Isendlalelo esikhethekile sokukhula kwe-bonsai sibizwa ngokuthi yi-acadama.
Inhlabathi ye-bonsai ilungiswa ngokuzimela. Ngasikhathi sinye, naka ukuthi kulolo naluphi uhlobo lwe-bonsai basebenzisa owabo umugqa:
- amaConifers (thuja): isihlabathi nomhlaba wefudu kwisilinganiso 2: 3;
- izinhlobo zezimbali: umhlaba we-turf + sandus + esihlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-7: 1: 3;
- hardwood (juniper): umhlaba we-turf + isihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 7: 3.
Inhlabathi yezinkuni
Phansi ebhodweni kufanele kube nesendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi. Ukuqunjelwa kobumba okwandisiwe kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ungayinakekela kanjani i-bonsai?
Imithetho Yokunakekelwa Kwasekhaya Bonsai
Bonsai - isihlahla, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya okungekho nzima, uma umnika isikhathi esanele. Ukuze ungazibangeli izinkinga ngokukhula kwanoma yikuphi ukuzalaniswa, ekuqaleni kufanelekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekile futhi usethe umbuso ofanele wokushisa.
Ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla
Ungabeka kuphi i-bonsai
Indawo ekahle yesitshalo kungaba windowsill. Kubalulekile ukucabanga:
- Lapho ufaka i-flowerpot efasiteleni lewindows lasentshonalanga, kufanelekile ukuyibeka ngakwesokunene.
- Ngamafasitela ohlangothini oluseningizimu lubekwe ngakwesobunxele.
- Kuvunyelwe ukubeka ibhodwe etafuleni lekhofi noma eshalofini eliseduze kwewindi, kodwa kusisekelo esifanayo nakwifasitela.
- Isitshalo kufanele sijikelezwe ngo-180 ° ngasohlangothini lokukhanya lwewindi amahlandla amane ngesonto.
- Udinga ukuvula ngokuphelele iwindi, ususe amakhethini noma izimpumputhe ngesikhathi sosuku. Ebusika, kukhanyiswa okwengeziwe ngamalambu we-fluorescent.
- Awukwazi ukufaka lesi sitshalo eduze kwezinto ezikhipha ukushisa - ama-radiators, amalambu etafula, izindawo zokucima umlilo.
Ukukhetha indawo kubaluleke kakhulu
Ukushisa komoya
I-Bonsai, ukunakekelwa okudinga umbuso ofanele wokushisa, kuvame ukukhula kuphela ezimeni zezulu ezijwayelekile kumhlobo wazo:
- Amadwala angaphansi komhlaba abekezelela kahle izimo zekamelo ngokuya ngezimo zokushisa. Isikhombi esifanelekile sabo singaba ngu-18-25 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-zero. Ebusika, udinga ukuyibeka egumbini elipholile elinokushisa kwe- +15 ℃.
- Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme ehlobo, kuthi ebusika zifakwe ezindlini zinezinga lokushisa lika- +18 ℃.
- Izinhlobo ezinqobayo nezihlangeneyo (ngokwesibonelo, umuthi wetiye) ehlobo zizizwa zisejwayelekile kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa. Ebusika, izimbali zezimbali zidluliselwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa angeqi ku-10 ℃.
Izinguquko zokushisa
Qaphela! Ehlobo, kuvunyelwe ukuthwala izitshalo ze-bonsai kuvulandi ukuze kukhuphuke umoya-mpilo.
Ukunisela
Ngenqubo yokunakekela isitshalo, izinkinga zokunisela zivame ukuvela. Kunezizathu eziningana. Inani elincane lomhlabathi ezimbizeni noma ezimbizeni luholela eqinisweni lokuthi umswakama ovela kubo uphuma ngokushesha, inhlabathi iyoma. Ukunisela kakhulu (ngokweqile) nakho kungadala izinkinga ngohlelo lwezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukulandela umbuso ocacile wokunisela.
Ukunisela kubalulekile ku-bonsai
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile wokunisela ukuze indawo yezimpande yesitshalo ingadalulwa. Faka isicelo sokuthambisa ngendlela yomklamo okhethekile noma ukuchelela ngenkasa.
Nakani! Esikhathini sehlobo, udinga ukufafaza izingxenye zezindiza ezivela esibhamu sokufafaza nsuku zonke. Esikhundleni sokufafaza, ungangezela umswakama egumbini.
Nisela imbali ye-bonsai kuphela ngamanzi ancibilikayo. Uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa amanzi avikelwe kahle esikhundleni. Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi lokunisela kufanele lihambisane lokushisa kwekamelo.
Enye indlela yokunisela
Umanyolo
Ungakhula isihlahla esincane ngokunqabela uhlelo lomanyolo. Kodwa ukushiya i-substrate ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu nakho akunakwenzeka. Ukusekela ukukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo, kuzolandelwa lezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Entwasahlobo, yenza isilinganiso esincane samanyolo we-nitrogen. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kusebenze ukukhula.
- Ehlobo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, ohlanganisa i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
- Ekwindla, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa umthamo omncane womanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus.
Umanyolo wokukhula okusebenzayo
Izimbali noma izinhlobo zezithelo zidinga ukugqokwa okwengeziwe. Izinkomba ze-Microclimate zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isiko. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezithelo noma amaqanda, kufakwa umanyolo we-potash.
Ukunakekelwa kwesistimu ye-Root
Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lusengozini enkulu. Ikakhulu ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwe-bonsai kubhekwa njengenkinga. Ukugwema ubunzima ngentuthuko nokukhula, kufanele wenze konke okusemandleni ukuze izimpande zizinze futhi zivikeleke emathonyeni amabi.
Ongakwenza:
- Ukuqinisa nokwenza i-mulch, ama-moss atshalwe ngaphezulu kohlelo lwezimpande.
- Phansi kohlelo lwezimpande, kuvame ukubekwa itshe lapho izimbali ezicijile zizoba khona ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
- Njengoba izimpande zikhula, ziyagawulwa futhi zifushaniswe. Ukwenza lokhu ngenkathi amahlumela esemncane impela. Ngokubukeka, ungabona kalula ukuthi iyiphi inqubo okufanele isuswe.
Ukunakekelwa kwezimpande
Uhlelo lwempande le-bonsai lempande lugcinwa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukufakelwa
Kunconywa ukufakelwa kwesihlahla ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3. Inqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli). Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukumiselela indawo ekwindla. Umgomo wokukhetha isitsha nongaphansi komhlaba kuyafana naphakathi kokufika okokuqala.
Ukudlulisela yinto esejwayelekile kepha ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwe-bonsai
Besebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile, banquma uhlelo lwezimpande, ngemuva kokususa inhlabathi eyeqisayo kusuka amahlumela. Beka lesi sitshalo endaweni engaphansi bese ucindezela kancane inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu. Ukuze uzinze kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpawu, ungabeka itshe ngaphansi kwesiqu.
Izifo nezinambuzane ezithinta i-bonsai ekhaya
Ngaphambi kokukhulisa i-bonsai egumbini noma engadini, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo asithintwa yizilokazane nezifo. Ingadi ye-bonsai ikakhulukazi idinga ukuvikelwa. Indoor bonsai nayo ingahlaselwa.
Izinambuzane nezifo zingalimaza isitshalo
Amaqabunga e-bonsai aphuzi
Imbangela enkulu yokuqunjelwa kwamaqabunga yi-chlorosis. Ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo ukuze amahlamvu angaphenduki ophuzi? Izindlela zimi ngokulandelayo:
- khuphula inani lokukhanya;
- lungisa imodi yokunisela;
- khiqiza ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi;
- landela amaphethini wokutshala izitshalo ngenkathi kwakhiwa umqhele;
- setha umswakama ojwayelekile.
Ama-aphid
Ama-aphid yizimbungulu ezincane eziluhlaza ezibekwe phansi kweqabunga leplatinamu. Basuswa ngoboya bekotoni ofakwe kwi-ammonia, umqhele ufafazwe ngesisombululo esikhethekile sokulwa nama-aphid.
I-aphid ebalekile
Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwe-aphid, ukulwa nalo kuncishiswa ukwelapha isitshalo ngamakhemikhali anamandla.
Isihlangu
Isikali sembulwa ngokuba khona kweziqu ezisezimpandeni nasegatsheni elincane. Amahlumela asuswa ngenaliti afafazwe ngesinambuzane.
Bark beetle
Ungakhomba inkathazo ngokubakhona kwezimbobo ezincane ku-cortex. Ibhungane litholakala ngaphansi kwamagxolo futhi libanga ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha athintekile bese ufafaza isitshalo ngento ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, engeza umthamo wokufaka umanyolo.
I-Powdery hlobo
Kuyathinta amaqabunga, avele ngesimo sengubo emhlophe. Kulokhu, amapuleti amaqabunga angafa futhi awe. Lesi yisifo se-fungal esidinga amakhambi wekhadinali. Susa wonke amaqabunga athintekile. Amahlamvu afafazwa nge-fungicide.
Bonsai - isiko elincane
Ukukhula nge-bonsai ekhaya kungumsebenzi odabukisayo odinga amakhono athile. Ekuqaleni, kufanelekile ukudala izimo ezintofontofo zokukhula nentuthuko yesitshalo - ukukhiqiza ukuthambisa okulungile, ukumisa umbuso ojwayelekile wokushisa bese ukhetha indawo efanelekayo endlini. Lokhu kukhuthaza ngisho nomlimi wokuqala.
