Iphakathi kwe - omunye wezihlahla zezithelo ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Ngokuvamile abalimi babhekene ne-blackening ngokuzumayo, bephikisa amahlamvu awo, okuholela ekufeni kwesihlahla. Ngenxa yalokho izifo nezinye izici ezinjalo kubonakala, sizoqonda lesi sihloko.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya
Ukushiswa kwebhaktheriya kubhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esivame kakhulu sosawoti. Inkinga yukuthi lesi sifo asiyeki esimweni esisodwa, ukuthelela zonke izitshalo ezizungezile.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zesifo
I-agent causative yezifo ezithathelwanayo iqembu le-enterobacteria (isb. salmonella). Izindawo ezithintekile zalesi sitshalo, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, sithumela into ethile ephuzi, equkethe ukutholakala okugcwele kwamagciwane amakhulu. 
Izici eziyinhloko zokusabalala kwazo ezihlahleni eziphilile yizi:
- izinambuzane (impova kanye nama-parasite) nezinyoni ezihamba ngomuthi ukuya esihlahleni, izinambuzane nezinyoni emilenzeni nasemaphakeni abo zithwala ama-microbes;
- imvula evame kakhulu, imimoya - kuphawula ukuthi isimo sezulu esinomhlabathi yisimo esihle sokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa amabhaktheriya;
- ukufakwa kwenhlabathi nge-nitrogen kanye nodaba oluphilayo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa amabhaktheriya.
Izimpawu zesifo sokunqotshwa:
- ama-inflorescences aphephe futhi aphephe, i-pedicel ishintsha umbala wayo kuqala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese umbala we-amber elula;
- njengoba izinso ziyathinteka, aziwa, kodwa ziphosa futhi zilahlekelwe umsebenzi wazo;
- amaqabunga angaboni nxazonke, kodwa amnyama ngama rosette wonke;
- amagatsha athintekile futhi athola umbala omnyama;
- ukungena phakathi kwemifantu emagqabeni, lesi sifo sithinta isiqu, amaqabunga aphelile, aphendukile enombala obomvu bese efaka izingxenye ezifile. Nge-necrosis enjalo, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinamanzi zamanzi kuphawulwa.
Uyazi? Abasolwandle baseGrisi lasendulo balwa ngosizo lwepeyari kusukela ekusikeni kwenhlanhla nokugula okuhambayo.
Okufanele ukwenze
Kuhlale kulula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha, ngakho-ke sizoqala ukukhuluma ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela amabhaktheriya ashise. Ngakho lokho ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo, udinga ukukhumbula bese ucabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
- weeding (ukhula lungenwe igciwane);
- noma yikuphi ukuhlwanyela kanye nenqubo engadini, kuyisibopho sokusebenzisa kuphela imishini ehlanzekile, kuphela engadini;
- Izihlahla zezithelo zasendle eziseduze nale ndawo kufanele zihlwithwe;
- Ungayinaki imithi yokwelapha yezidakamizwa ezivamile nezinambuzane.
Izinyathelo zokulwa ne-foci ekhona yokutheleleka:
- streptomycin;
- i-tetracycline;
- "Fitosporin";
- i-ofloxacin.
Lezi zidakamizwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo, udinga ukufiphala zonke izindawo ezikhuthele: ama-inflorescences, amaqabunga, amahlumela kanye nesitshalo sesitshalo. Hlanganisa inqubo enesibhakabhaka, sezulu esingenamoya.
Ikhambi eliphumelelayo liyisixazululo sethusi sulfate ne-lime. Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ama-dosage aphezulu angabangela ukushisa kwamakhemikhali amahlamvu.
Kubalulekile! Uma, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa akuholeli emthonjeni wokuphulukiswa, umuthi okhubazekile kufanele uphonswe futhi ulahlwe. Izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa lokhu zihlolwe nge-formalin noma i-carbolic acid.
Ividiyo: ukwelashwa kwe-bacterial burn of pear
I-pear scab
Isikhumba - isifo esithathelwanayo, ama-causative agents angasebenzisa ubusika emahlumela abathintekayo, amahlamvu awile. Ukusakazeka kwesifo kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zezulu.
Uyazi? AmaShayina aqiniseka ngokuqinile ukuthi abangane noma abathandi abakwazi ukwabelana ngenye ikhasi elilodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho lizoholela ekuxabaneni nasekuhlukaneni.
Kungani futhi kubonakala kanjani
Isibangela sokutheleleka yizifungi ezisebenzayo emvelweni omanzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-fungus nayo ingase ibonakale esimweni esomile, eshisayo phambi kwamazolo amaningi.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka zibonisa izindawo ezimnyama ezineqhwazanjengezinhlayiya zesikhutha. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, amahlamvu aphendulela abamnyama, izicubu zibhujiswa, okuholela emaqabunga awela. Esikhathini esizayo, isikhumba sithinta amagatsha, siwahlanganise ngethunzi elimnyama, elibomvu elinomgqomo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele, izithelo zithinteka ngokugcwala amachashazi amnyama. 
Indlela yokuphatha ngayo
Ezimweni zokuqala, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuhlanza amanzi e-Bordeaux. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sesidakamizwa (izinsuku ezingu-14), ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuze kube kasikhombisa ngonyaka ngamunye. Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwephutha lokuphumula.
Funda ukuthi ungasusa kanjani isikhala epeni.
Ukulungiswa kwesenzo se-systemic:
- "Horus";
- "Strobe";
- "Woza."
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwezidakamizwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-35, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kabili ngesizini ngasinye, izidakamizwa azihlanjululwa yimvula.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula kwamapheya kanye nama-apula kusukela ekukhoneni kwama-fungicidal amalungiselelo
Ngokuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa, ukugqoka ama-foliar kwenziwa ngenye yezinto ezinjalo umanyolo:
- i-ammonium nitrate (ukuhlushwa kwe-10%);
- i-ammonium sulfate (10%);
- i-potassium chloride (kusuka ekuhlungeni okungu-3 ukuya ku-10%);
- i-potassium sulfate (ama-3-10%);
- i-potassium nitrate (5-15%);
- i-potassium usawoti (5-10%).
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- ukusika ngezikhathi ngesikhathi (umqhele okhululekile - isikhungo esihle sefungi);
- ukuhlanza kwesihlahla eduze kwamahlamvu kanye nokhula;
- ngesikhathi sokukhula kunconywa ukuthi ugcine isiyingi esiseduzane ngaphansi komoya omnyama;
- entwasahlobo, benza isiphofu sokuzivikela ngokulungiselela ukulungiselela "Agat" noma i-agent efanayo.
Funda futhi mayelana nokuphathwa kwepeyari kusuka ekugqibeni.
Ukuntuleka kwezakhi kanye nokumnyama kwamaqabunga
Amaqabunga amahlumela amnyama angabhekana nokuntuleka kwamaminerali athile. 
Ukusabela kwezitshalo ngokuntuleka kwezakhi
Cabanga kabanzi:
- i-potassium. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga amaqabunga aqala ukomisa, ayenze uhlobo lomnsundu omnyama, ipuleti ngokwayo iyancipha, ishintshe isimo. Ukuntuleka okuphawulekayo kwamaminerali emagatsheni aphansi, asebekhulile;
- insimbi. Ukukhula kwamahlamvu kunciphisa, i-chlorosis iyabonakala, hhayi kuphela amaqabunga, kodwa futhi amathiphu amahlumela aphelile. Umuthi uqala ukwehla amahlamvu, inani lesitshalo liyehla, izinga layo liyehla. Amahlumela abancane abathintekayo omnyaka wamanje;
- i-zinc. Ukuntuleka kwamaminerali kubangela ukuma nokumnyama kwamahlamvu. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, isithelo sishaya, isikhumba saso sishintsha isakhiwo saso, sigcwele izindawo ezinamahlathi nezindawo ezimnyama. Amahlamvu namagatsha aphelile;
- i-calcium. Amahlamvu ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium ijwayele ukushisa, egcwele amabala amnyama, ama-curls. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kudlulela, ngaphansi kwesikhumba i-pulp iyathinteka ngokubona, impilo yokulala isithelo sehla;
- i-phosphorus. Iphepha leshidi lishintsha ukuma, idonsela ubude, likhanya. Amahlumela amasha ayeke, akhule. Amahlamvu emafukeni amadala amahlumela;
- ithusi. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sici emhlabathini kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini ye-peat, kaningi kakhulu - enhlabathini enhlabathini nasenhlabathini. Kukhona ukungabi namnyama nokuphoqa amaqabunga, ukomisa amahlumela amancane nama-treetops.
Izinhlanzi ZePear Leaf
Ukuqothula nokwehla kwamahlamvu kungabangelwa izinambuzane ze-parasitic. Izinambuzane kanye nenzalo yabo zondla isitshalo nesitshalo.
Medianitsa
Behlukanisa izinambuzane ezintathu: ama-coppers abonakele, abomvu nabaphuzi. Ngokuvamile abantu abadala abadala ebusika esihlahleni, ukuzalanisa entwasahlobo. Insect ibeka amaqanda emagqumeni amahlumela, futhi kamuva - emagqabeni nokuvuvukala. 
Inqubo yokuqala yokubhujiswa yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho phakathi nosuku izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwezinga, ngokuqinisekile ngosuku olusenyangeni, olungenamandla. Sebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa:
- I-Aktara;
- "Sherpa";
- "Fastak".
Inqubo yokuqala ibhubhisa izinambuzane ezindala, ezalandela ezenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokusabalalisa zibulala izimpungushe. Uma uphinde ufeza, isibonelo, "Dimilin".
Funda indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane zamapheya: ama-leafworm, i-gall mite.
Pear gall mite
Izinambuzane ze-arachnid zihlambalala ngaphansi kwegxolo, kanti entwasahlobo abesifazane bafaka amaqanda ezinso. Bobabili abadala kanye nenzalo yabo bayondla uketshezi kwamaseli omuthi. Lezi zinambuzane zingabhubhisa insimu yonke, njengoba ingagweme ezinye izitshalo, futhi ukusakazeka kwayo kusizwa umoya kanye nezinambuzane zokuvotela izinyoni, izinyoni. Kumele kuqashelwe ubukhulu bezinambuzane - kufika ku-3 mm ubude. 
Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukwelapha izidakamizwa ze-acaricidal, ngoba izinambuzane ezingenakuzisiza ukulwa nama-parasite. Sebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa:
- "I-Decis" (2%) noma i- "Inta-Vir" ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhefu;
- IKeltan (20%) noma iKarbofos (10%) ngesikhathi sefihlekile;
- isulfure colloidal noma "Fufanon" (0.1%) ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Kubalulekile! Isixazululo silungiswa ngokuya imiyalelo yokulungiselela, uma kunesidingo, ukupuniza kuphindwe ngezikhathi ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Aphid
Lezi zinambuzane ezincane kakhulu zivundile, zivuthwa ngesihlahla ngokugcwele. Inkinga yokubusa kwezinambuzane ikhungathekile yiqiniso lokuthi ngokuphuza ama-jus, ushiya ukhula oluthinta isikhunta somuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zezinambuzane zingakwazi ukuhamba ezindizeni ezithile, zibabulale. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezibomvu nezibomvu. 
Ungakwazi ukulwa nama-aphid ngezindlela zomuntu:
- Celandine ukumnika: 3-4 kg of fresh noma 1 kg of impahla eluhlaza okomile kuthululwa phezu nge 1 ibhakede lamanzi, ehlanganiswe nesembozo futhi efakwe endaweni efudumele amahora 36;
- I-Dandelion ukumnika: amagremu angu-400 wezimpande (noma ama-600 amagremu amaqabunga) afakwa amahora amathathu ema-10 amalitha amanzi;
- u-anyanisi ukumnika: ama-gramu angu-200 we-anyanisi ikhasi athululelwa ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi futhi afakwe amahora angu-12-15;
- Isisombululo sesepha: ama-300 amagremu ensipho yokuhlanza ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula kwezihlahla zezithelo ezivela ku-aphid nge-ammonia
Amakhemikhali:
- "Kinmiks" - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo;
- "Agravertine" - ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso;
- "Hlala" - emva kokuchichima.
Amaphutha okunakekelwa
Iphutha eliyinhloko labagadi bamabhilidi - umswakama ophezulu. Uma i-crone ikhulu kakhulu, imisebe yelanga ayifinyelele ngaphakathi. Umswakama osele ngemuva kwemvula yindawo enhle yokukhiqiza isikhunta kanye nezinye izifo, isithunzi sikhona kuma koloni ezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukusika izihlahla kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokulondoloza impilo yezitshalo.
Ukunisela kuyadingeka, kepha ukungcola ngokweqile emhlabathini kwenza ukuba ukwanda kwamagciwane, kudonse izinambuzane, kwandisa ingozi yokubola kwesimiso. Amanzi kuphela uma kudingeka futhi usakaza isilinganiso samanzi. Indima ebalulekile idlala ngokukhipha, ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen.
Kuyaqinisekile udinga ukukhula ukhula ngombuthano we-trunk kanye nendawo ezungezile kusuka emanziniOkokuqala, zikhula ngokukhululekile, futhi ziphinde zidale umswakama owandayo; okwesibili, ingxenye yezakhi ezithintekayo isuswa ephayini, iyanciphisa igciwane layo. 
Ngaphambi kokuba ubusika kufanele kube ngokucophelela hlambulula indawo yamaqabunga awile namagatsha amancane. Amaqabunga avamile - indawo oyithandayo yesikhunta kanye nama-parasites ebusika.
Ukuvimbela amapheya kanye nokwelashwa: isipiliyoni sabalimi
Izifo nezinambuzane ziyingxenye engavamile yokulima. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokuqapha ngokucophelela kwezitshalo, kuzothuthukisa ukuvuna nokuphila komuthi.
