Izinhlobo zezinkomo ezilinganayo: indlela yokunakekelwa, nendlela yokudla ekhaya

Kubalimi, inkinga yokuzalisa izinkomo ihlale ibe yindabuko, ezoba yinto yonke yokukhiqiza ubisi nokudla.

Ama-Swiss simmentals ayisibonelo esihle sale nhlanganisela ephelele. Ngomzamo omncane kanye nezindleko, abameleli balolu hlobo baveza kakhulu.

Umlando wokubeletha nencazelo

Imvelaphi yezinkomo ze-Simmental (noma yaseBernese) ayisaziwa. Kukhona imibono emibili mayelana nokuthi i-Simmentals ivelaphi. Okokuqala ukuthi izinkomo zalethwa emazweni aseScandinavia, kanti eyesibili ithi zivela ezikhathini zasendle.

Umsuka

Abacwaningi bemvelaphi yaseBerne bavame ukucabanga ukuthi kwavela emazweni aseScandinavia aya eSwitzerland. Kamuva, isikhathi eside, izinkomo zadla emanzini aseMfuleni iBern Bern, ngaphambili wawubizwa ngokuba yiSimma, izici eziphelele nezizitholile. Zaba zihle kakhulu, futhi kusukela ezinkomo ezingazalanga kahle zaqala ukuba yinye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezinhlobo zobisi.

Izici zangaphandle

Izinkomo zaseBernese zinezikhulu ezincane kakhulu. Emafwini afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angu-150, futhi ubude - 160. Amadoda amadala angafinyelela ithani ngesisindo, abesifazane basesincane, isisindo sabo sihlukahluka kusuka ku 600 kuya ku-800 kilogram.

Isici sohlobo lubukeka obunzima kanye nebunzi elikhulu. Kuzo izimpondo ezikhanya kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi zingabumnyama emaphethelweni. Izinkomo zaseBernese zinikwa i-sacrum enkulu futhi ithuthukile, ekhombisa uhlelo oluhlelekile lokuzala. Siyabonga ngalokhu abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi obuningi. Inkomo yenkomo inkulu, isikhumba kuya ekuthinteni kubushelelezi, kodwa okuncane okuxekethile. Ukuma kwesibindi kungase kungabi yi-symmetrical: ngokuvamile izinsipho zangemuva zikhula zikhudlwana kunezingaphambili.

Uyazi? Izinkomo zingakhala lapho zizwa zidabukisayo.

Izici zenyama kanye nobisi

Uhlobo lwe-Simmental luyonke. Kuphelele kokubili ukuhlatshwa kanye nokukhiqizwa ubisi, okunezici ezinhle kakhulu:

• Okuqukethwe kwamafutha kuhluka kusuka ku-3.7% kuya ku-4%;
• ukunambitheka okumangalisayo;
• amaprotheni aphezulu.

Njengezinhlobo zenyama, ama-simmentals ayanda ukuthandwa, manje ajwayele ukugcinwa ukubulawa. Uma ugxila kulolu hlelo lwezinkomo zaseBernese, ungakhetha izici zazo eziyinhloko zenyama:

• Amathole amancane afika ku-kilogram ngosuku;
• Izinkukhu zokuhlatshwa inyama zifinyelela ku-55%, nezinkunzi - 65%;
• abesifazane bavame ukubulawa ngenkathi ikhono labo lokunikeza ubisi linciphisa;
• abesilisa bayavunyelwa ukudla kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala;
• Ikhwalithi yenyama iphakeme kakhulu, ngoba okuqukethwe kwamafutha akudluli ku-15%.

Hlola lezi zilwane zezinkomo nezinkomo zobisi: Isiqhwa saseCaucasia, iSychevskaya, iSwitzzka, iKrasnogorbatovskaya.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda

Izinkomo ze-Simmental zikhona emhlabeni wonke: ziletha okungenani ubunzima, kodwa zinikeze umnikazi inyama enhle kakhulu nobisi olumnandi.

Izilwane zinamathuba amaningi:

• inani eliphakeme lempilo elihlwabusayo;
• unike ubisi obuningi ngenkathi ngayinye;
• kulula ukulondoloza;
• ukumelana nezifo nezifo;
• kuhlelwa kahle kokubili futhi ngokwemvelo;
• baye bahlakulela isisindo samabele;
• ube nomoya ozolile, oguquguqukayo.

Simmental Bull Ezimayini, kunamaphutha ambalwa amancane:

• kunezimo zesakhiwo esingalungile semilenze yangemuva, yingakho inkomo ihamba kancane kunezinye;
• ngenxa yesisindo esikhulu esineminyaka yobudala, ngemuva kwesilwane singase sagwe;
• uketshezi olukhulu uketshezi linciphisa ukukhiqiza inyama, futhi ngokufanayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina imfuyo yobisi kanye nenkomo yenkomo ngokweqile, ukuvimbela ukuba bangadluli.

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa

Izimo ezikhethekile zenkomo zalesi sizwe azidingi. Ukuze unikeze induduzo kanye nokuvimbela izifo, kumele ulandele imithetho embalwa. Ziyonke indawo yazo zonke izinkomo futhi zizosiza ekufezeni ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okukhulu.

Ukudala imvelo enhle kakhulu yezinkomo, sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde indlela yokwakha inqolobane, uhlomise umoya we-ventilation futhi wenze isilwane semfuyo ngezandla zakho.

Indawo yokuhamba ehlobo

Indawo yokuhamba ehlobo iklanyelwe ukuze ngenkathi efudumele inkomo ikwazi ukuphuma, iphefumule umoya omusha, hamba. Uma uhamba ngesilwane ungahlala ubusuku bonke. Endaweni ekhulunywe ngayo kuyadingeka ukwakha isakhiwo ngophahla (ukuchithwa), okuzokwenza isithunzi. Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze inkomo ingabi ngaphezu kwelanga futhi ikhululeke ngesikhathi sehlobo.

Ukuhlelwa kwenqolobane

I-shed, lapho izilwane zizochitha khona ukuphila kwazo eziningi, kufanele zikhululeke futhi zihlomele konke okudingekayo. I-feeder kumele ikhutshwe ngokujulile futhi ikhetheke ukuze kube lula ukuyihlanza. Njengomphuzi, ungasebenzisa igwafu evamile. Kubalulekile ukuthi kukhona amanzi njalo. I-flooring endaweni lapho inkomo ihlala khona kufanele ibe yomile futhi ihlanzeke njalo. Iningi livame ukusebenzisa imfucuza kusuka etsheni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukugcina utshani oluxubene nomhlabathi noma i-peat, ngo-1: 2.

Kubalulekile! Uma ubeka ilitha elimanzi, inkoma iyowela phezu kwayo kuphela uma iphelile ngokuphelele. Futhi lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lobisi elikhiqizwa ngu-10-15%.

Izimo eziduduzayo

Ama-simmentals alula kakhulu ekunakekeleni ukuthi ehlobo angasala ngokuphepha ukuchitha ubusuku emadlelweni noma ekuhambeni. Ngokuvame ukubekezelela ukushisa nokubandayo, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukuzizwa bejabule emaceleni ethu.

Ebusika, isilwane kufanele sinikezwe ngesitayela esingaba umoya omuhle. Into esemqoka ukuvimbela ama-drafts, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkomo zizozizwa zingakhululekile futhi zigula. Ukushisa kwekamelo kungahluka kusuka ku +4 ° C kuya ku-20 ° C. Ngenkathi ebandayo, udinga ukuhlela ukukhanyisa ukuze inkomo ilandele isimiso esivamile nsuku zonke, siqonde ukuthi nini isikhathi sokudla, ukugaya, njll sizofika. Kudingekile ukuthi ubude bemini yelanga buhlale bufana, ebusuku kufanele ushiye ukukhanya okuncane. Kuzobe kufanele ukufaka izibani ezimbili ezigodini ezinhlanu.

Uyazi? Inkomo yaba yinkimbinkimbi emva kweminyaka eminingi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi izinkomo azikwazanga ngokushesha ukugijima, babamba ukudla, bagwinya futhi bahamba baya endaweni ecebile, lapho edla khona.

Ukuhlanza

Ukuhlanza i-stall kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokugcina izinkomo. Ukuhlanza okufanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi ekamelweni kunciphisa amathuba okutholakala nesilwane. Kudingekile ukufeza inqubo nsuku zonke, mhlawumbe kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngale ndlela unganikeza induduzo enkulu yesilwane, inani elincani lephunga elimnandi elivela esitokisini, kanye nokuqiniseka ukuthi inkomo iyoba nempilo futhi ubisi buhlanzekile.

Uma ukondla ngokudla okumile, okufana ne-hay noma i-oats, ungamane ubeke ibhegi entsha ku-feeder. Lokhu kudla ngeke kuphazamise futhi ngeke kubole. Uma ukhetha ukunikeza inkomo ebilisiwe ngamanzi noma imifino yemifino, khona-ke umphakeli kufanele ahlanzwe njalo futhi ahlanzwe ngesikhathi esifanele sokudla okungalahlekile okungahlali ukuze angadli. Uma inkabi idla iphalenda elimuncu, ingaholela ekufakeni ubuthi noma ngisho nokufa. Amanzi emgodini wokuphuza nawo adinga ukuguqulwa nsuku zonke. Amanzi ahlanzekile uyisihluthulelo sokuphila kwesilwane.

Kubalulekile! Uma isilwane sigcinwe esitokisini esingahlelekile, izinkomba zekhwalithi yobisi ziyancipha, ngoba kubangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya angene.

Yini ongayidla

I-Simmental ayidingi izingxube ezikhethekile zokudla, kodwa njengoba ziyizilwane ezinkulu nezikhulu, zidinga ukudla okunomsoco njalo. Kunconywa ukuthi ukondle izinkomo izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Ngokuyinhloko i-oats noma i-hay, ama-corn kernels abilisiwe asetshenziswa njengengxube yokudla. Futhi, inkomo izoba nemithamo emihle kakhulu yemifino, okufanele isetshenziswe ngaphambili emanzini.

Kubalulekile ukoma utshani elangeni amahora angaphezu kwama-3. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze isilwane sigcine kahle ukudla futhi singabi nobuhlungu esiswini. Uma ukhetha ukondla imfuyo ngokusanhlamvu kakolweni, kufanele uqaphele ikhwalithi yayo: ukondla kufanele kube ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze kungabikho iziqu ezimbi ezingalimaza isisu sezinkomo futhi ziholele ekuzweleni okubuhlungu kakhulu.

Ukuhamba izinkomo kudlelo

Uma uhamba edlelweni, izilwane azidingi ukondla okwanele emini, nakuba ekuseni nakusihlwa ungafaka u-hay noma i-oats ku-feeder. Izinkabi zidla utshani obusasa emadlelweni, ngakho-ke zishiywa khona ebusuku ebusuku. Kudingekile ukugcwalisa abanikazi bokudla ngokudla okunjalo ukuze emva kokudla kwesilwane akusele kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkomo igcwele ngokuphelele futhi ayilambile, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lobisi lizokwehla kakhulu.

Funda mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani izinkomo emadlelweni.

Umehluko ekudleni kwasebusika

Ebusika, isilwane sithola izakhi ezincane kunezinye izinkathi zonyaka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukudla kwemfuyo, engeza amavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa ukondla okungeziwe ngokwamafutha ommbila abilisiwe, imifino. Kubalulekile ukuqapha imvamisa yokudla: izinkomo ezindala kufanele zinikezwe ukudla izikhathi 2-3 ngosuku.

Ubuqili obuzalisa izilwane ezincane

Izilwane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili eneminyaka engu-2.5. I-calving yokuqala ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinyanga ezingu-31. Inkomo ingaletha ithole elisha kanye ngonyaka kanye nengxenye. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-283. Ekubelethweni kokubeletha, usizo lwabantu aludingeki. Ukuqaphela isikhathi esihle sokubuthana, kubalulekile ukukhomba isikhathi sokuzingela izinkomo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko ezithile zenzeka ekuziphatheni kwesifazane:

• uba ngumusa kakhulu;
• ama-moos ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• uthatha i-pose yokuxubana, uzama ukwenza isikhala kwabanye abantu;
• umsebenzi owandisiwe;
• ngaphandle kwesizathu sigijima nxazonke ezicingo;
• ukuwohloka okubonakalayo ekudleni.

Kubalulekile! Isici esishintshashintshayo ngokomzimba esikhathini sokuzingela sivuvukala ama-labia kanye nokukhishwa kwamangqamuzana kusuka ku-vulva.

Izinkunzi zizwa ngokucacile isikhathi lapho inkomo isilungele ukushada naye, futhi ziziphatha kabi. Lena eyesibili indlela engaqondakali yokunquma isikhathi esanele sokuthintana.

Ithole lizalelwa ngesisindo samakhilogremu angu-50. Kusukela emaminithini okuqala okuphila, isilwane sizama ukuma, emva kokuhamba kwamahora ambalwa, sithola umdanso. Izinkomo ze-Simmental zinemvelo enhle kakhulu yomama futhi zikwazi ukondla inzalo yabo ngokwabo. Intsha ye-Simmental ingathola u-1.5 kg wesisindo ngosuku. Uma unquma ukuthatha umntwana kumama, kufanele uyidlulisele ekudleni komuntu ngamunye. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, ithole londliwa ngethole, liqukethe izakhi eziningi, futhi libuye liqinisekiswe impilo yengane yesikhathi esizayo, ikhono layo lokulwa nezifo kanye nezifo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, i-colostrum izoba ubisi ovamile, ngakho-ke kudingeka unike ithole lakho inani eliphakeme. Ukudla kudinga njalo amahora amabili. Ngemuva kokudla isidumbu sesilwane kufanele sisulwe ngendwangu ehlanzekile. Kusukela ngosuku lwesithupha lokuphila, ungafundisa ingane yakho ukuphuza ibhakede. Ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili, kufanele uqale ukungeza ubisi obumbalwa kancane, futhi ufundise ukuba udle u-hay. Emasontweni amathathu, baqala ukumondla ngefolda enomsoco, njenge-sawdust emifino. Ukuze unikeze umzimba ngesamba esifanele samaminerali, kuyadingeka ukuba unikeze ingxube kasawoti, isikhombe kanye nenyama kanye nenyama yethambo.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ithole uma uthenga futhi yini okumele ukuthi ifakwe ekudleni kwezilwane ezincane.

Esigodini, ithole kufanele lime futhi lihlanzeke. Ingane kufanele ihlanzwe ngebhashishi, ihlanza izidakamizwa ezinamandla ngamanzi bese usula ngendwangu ehlanzekile, eyomile.

Ngemva kwenyanga, isilwane singakhululwa ngokuhamba okuncane, isikhathi ngasinye sikhulisa isikhathi emgwaqweni. Ehlobo, udinga ukufundisa ingane yakho ukuba idle utshani edlelweni. Ama-Simmentals yizinkomo zomhlaba wonke. Ngomzamo omncane, bangakwazi ukuletha kokubili inyama enhle kakhulu nobisi obunandi obuhle kunomninimzi. Kunoma imuphi umlimi, izinkomo zaseBernese ziyigugu kakhulu futhi ziyathandwa ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo.