Yeka ukuthi kungakanani umsebenzi nokukhathalela okudingekayo ukuze ukhule isivuno esihle semvini! Kodwa akunakwenzeka njalo ukumvikela ezifweni nakwezinye izingozi.
Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zomvini ezingabulala ingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo - i-oidiumokunye okubizwa nge-powdery isikhutha.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamagilebhisi
I-Oidium ithinta ngokuyinhloko amajikijolo, kodwa futhi ihamba, ifaka - isihlahla sonke, noma kunalokho, yonke indawo engenhla emhlabathini.
Ukubukeka kwesiliva esibucayi noma i-plaque emhlophe, efana nokuthungwa kufulawa, kuvame ukubonwa okokuqala ngqa ohlangothini oluphezulu lwamacembe. Uma kuthinteka kakhulu, izimpunga ezimpunga zimboza amagilebhisi, ushiya ezinhlangothini zombili kanye namahlumela aluhlaza. Isivini sibukeka sifafazwe ngomlotha.
Ukukhuphula amajikijolo, uma kuthinteka ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, kuvame ukuqhuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imbewu yabo ibukeka. I-berry ingeke ime ukukhula, kodwa ihlala i-acidic kakhulu, futhi uhlamvu olunzima lubonakala endaweni yokuqhekeka. Kodwa ngokuvamile amajikijolo ayayeka ukukhula, futhi emva kwesikhathi esifushane abomile.
Amajikijolo athintekile angeke asetshenziselwe ukucubungula, njengoba ukunambitheka kwesibumba kuzokwakhiwa ngokuqinile.
Uma amaqabunga namajikijolo asevele esakhiwe, awanasithinteka yi-oidium, ngokungafani nezinsizwa ezincane nokuvuthwa zesitshalo.
Isihlahla esicindezelekile sivame ukumbozwa nge-grey bloom, amaqabunga amaningi angama-curl, amajikijolo ayomile. I-shrub enjalo ingaveza iphunga elimnandi, elifana nephunga lezinhlanzi ezibolayo.
Esithombeni esingezansi ungabona ukubonakala nezibonakaliso ze-oidium ngamagilebhisi:
Izimbangela ze-Oidium
I-Oidium iyisifo se-fungal. I-pathogen yayo ibizwa ngokuthi Uncinula necator Burr. (noma Oidium tuckeri Berk.). EYurophu, i-oidium iye yaziwa kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho ithunyelwa eNyakatho Melika kanye nokudla kwezitshalo.
Amanye amagama walesi sifo yi-powdery isikhutha, i-Oidium, i-Uncinula Necator kanye negama elidumile li-pepelitsa, futhi igama elingalungile livame ukusetshenziswa - iodium ngamagilebhisi
Ngendlela ye-mycelium, isifo se-overwinters esifundeni sesitshalo - ezinhlotsheni ezifana nezinso noma amahlumela wonyaka. Itholakala nasemagqabeni ewa ekwindla kanye namaqoqo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokubhubhisa udoti wezinto ezihlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuba kufike isikhathi sokushisa ukuze kungabikho ama-pathogens avela entwasahlobo.
Ngentwasahlobo, i-mycelium yakha okuthiwa conidia (impikiswano). Lapho sekuqala izinsuku ezifudumayo, iminyango emifushane ye-conidium ithathwa yomoya futhi isakaze isifundazwe sidlule kude kakhulu, isha izivini ezintsha.
Ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kwezitshalo kwenzeka cishe kungabonakali ngaphandle. Ukubonakala kwe-powdery isikhutha kumagilebhisi yisigaba sesibili sesifo.
Izingxabano ezincane kakhulu zingabangela amagagasi amaningi okutheleleka ngenkathi eyodwa kuphela. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe lesi sifo, umswakama okhulayo awudingekile, kanti ububanzi bokushisa buvela ku-5 ° C kuya ku-35 ° C. Uma ubusika bube mnene futhi entwasahlobo ifudumele futhi imanzi, izibonakaliso zesifo zingavela ekuseni kakhulu. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, amahlumela omncane kakhulu azohlupheka.
Izindlela zokulawula
Kubalulekile ukutshala imivini efanele, unikezwe isiqondiso somoya esivelele.
Kudingeka ukunakekela ngokucophelela inhlabathi, hhayi ukuxhaphaza umanyolo wamaminerali, ukukhipha ukhula. Izihlahla akufanele zibe zikhulu kakhulu futhi zivule ngokulinganayo.
Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-powdery isikhutha kumagilebhisi? Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kuqukethe eyodwa noma amabili amaphesenti amanzi e-lime sulfuric. Ungasebenzisa isixazululo se-1-2% se-DNOC (dinitroortocresol), noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula njalo mayelana nobuthakathaka obuphezulu nokugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha.
Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ze-fungicides eziphumelelayo ekulwa ne-oidium:
- I-Tiovit Jet.
- I-Topaz.
- Fundazol.
- Okusheshayo
- Byleton
Enye indlela ephumelelayo: ukucubungulwa kwamagilebhisi 1% ukumiswa sulfur colloidal noma ukumiswa kuka-0.5% ka-80% isulfure powder. Uma isimo sesimo sezulu sesishisa (ngaphezu kuka-20-25 ° C), ukuchithwa kufakwa esikhundleni ngokuthulizwa nge-sulfur emhlabathini ophansi.
Umphumela wama-sulfur amalungiselelo awudluli izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10. Ngemva kwalokhu, izinhlamvu ezintsha ezibonakalayo ze-fungus zivela, zihluma phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi lesi sifo sinikeza enye indawo. Ngakho-ke, uma isivini sithintekile kakhulu i-oidium, ukucubungula kufanele kuphindwe okungenani amasonto amabili. Uma kuphakama kakhulu futhi kususa amakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kuphindaphindiwe.
Isibabule esilungiselelwe ukucubungula kufanele sibe somile ngokuphelele futhi siphelelwe phansi. Kusukela ngosuku lokugcina ukwelashwa ngesulfure kuze kuqale ukuvuna, okungenani izinsuku ezingu-56 kufanele zidlule.
Kuzo izikhambi zabantu Ukulwa ne-oidium (i-powdery isikhutha) kumagilebhisi, ukwelashwa nemiphumela emihle kakhulu baking soda (kusuka ku-0.5% kuya ku-1%) ngokungeziwe insipho yokuhlanza. Amalitha angu-10 amanzi athatha ama-50 g we-soda no-40 g isepha. I-baking soda ayinayo imiphumela emibi, iphephile izingane kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukuvimbela
Isimo esiyinhloko ukutholakala komoya omusha kuzo zonke izingxenye zomvini, umoya omuhle we-ventilation, i-aeration yenhlabathi.
Amadonsa amanzi noma amazolo awenzi indima ekhethekile ekusakazeni kwesifo (lokhu kuxhomeke kunamandla okubhekwa kwesinye isifo esiyingozi, isikhuthazo). Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimvula zihlanza kancane izinhlamvu ze-fungus, kanti i-oidium ayikwazi ukukhula kakhulu.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile sinomthelela ekusakazeni kwesifo, kanti amaqabunga aphelile, aphelile futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke lapho i-oidium isondela khona, yintsuku enomswakama enezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-20-25 ° C.
Izinhlobo ezihambisana nokugula
Izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi aseYurophu zihlushwa yilesi sifo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- I-Cabernet Sauvignon;
- IKhadidiyali;
- Madeleine Angévin;
- I-Merlot;
- I-Moldova;
- I-Pinot Gris;
- Rkatsiteli;
- I-Chardonnay;
- nezinye izinhlobo.
