Ama-azalea aqhakaza (azalea), owaziwa nangokuthi i-Rhododendron, ngokuqinisekile ayoba ngumhlobiso wensimu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezitshalo ezikule ndawo zingandiswa uma ungazi kahle inqubo yokusakazeka kwesihlahla. Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi kahle ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokuthola izitshalo ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, indlela ngayinye esetshenzisiwe inezinto ezifihlayo ezixhuma kuphela ama-discoisseurs ama-rhododendrons engadini azi ngawo.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-azalea ekhaya
Sebenzisa izindlela ezi-4 zokusakazwa kwama-azaleas: imbewu, ukusikwa, ukubekwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla sikamama.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu inqubo ende futhi enzima. Ukubona ukuthi i-azalea ikhula kanjani kusuka kuma-blooms embewu, kuzothatha ukubekezela okuningi nesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, abatshali bezimbali bancamela ukusakazwa ngokusikwa noma ngokugawulwa, okushesha kakhulu.
Isihlahla se-Azalea engadini
Ukukhula Nge-Azaleas kusuka KuMbewu
Abalimi abanolwazi abavamile ukusebenzisa indlela yembewu yokusakazwa kwe-azalea ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo nokukhiqiza okuphansi. Njengoba sengikhethe le ndlela yokuzalanisa izitshalo, imibandela elandelayo kufanele ibhekwe ngokuqinile:
- dala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba;
- sebenzisa i-substrate ekhethekile;
- gcina izinga eliphezulu lomswakama;
- ahlinzeke ukukhanyisa okungapheli (ikakhulukazi ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Ephreli).
Isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuzalela i-azalea ngembewu engadini ukukhetha impahla efanelekile yokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Imvamisa, abaqalayo bathola imbewu, bathembela kuphela kuzindleko noma isithombe esicacile, bese kuthi ngemuva kokutshala bathole umphumela omubi.
Ukuze ukusakazwa kwembali ye-azalea kusuka embewini kuphumelele, lapho uthenga imbewu, kufanele unake iqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo kufanele iqinisekiswe, ngezinsuku ezinhle zokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ibe nokufakwa okuqinile ngaphandle komonakalo. Ungabi namahloni okuthola izeluleko kumthengisi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle nenani lembewu ephakeji, ukuze ukubala kahle inani elifunekayo lezitshalo ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Imbewu ye-Azalea
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli) lapho amahora emini enyuka. Uma uqala ukutshala ngaphambili (ngoFebhuwari), udinga ukusebenzisa ama-phytolamp ukukhanyisa okuqhubekayo ekhaya. Noma yisiphi isitsha kufanelekile ukuhlwanyelwa (iziqukathi eziphansi, izinkomishi noma izimbiza ezikhethekile zokutshala izithombo), into esemqoka ukukhetha usayizi ofanele ngokuya ngenani lembewu ehlwanyelwe futhi unake ubukhona bezimbobo eziningana zokudonsa ngaphansi kwesitsha.
I-substrate ingalungiswa ngokuzimela kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, i-peat, i-humus, i-turf kanye nomhlaba onqabile. Inhlabathi kumele ivundiswe (pH 4-4.5). Kuvunyelwe ukuthenga isendlalelo eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yama-rhododendrons ezitolo ezikhethekile zezimbali.
Ngemuva kokulungisa isitsha, imbewu ibekwa ungqimba olunciphile ebusweni bomhlaba bese kufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi afudumele kusuka esifuyweni sokufafaza, ungakhohlwa ukumboza isivuno ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene.
Okokubheka! Imvamisa, imbewu ye-azalea iyaqhuma ekhaya emva kwamasonto angama-3-4.
Ngemuva kokuba yonke imbewu isiqhume, lo greenhouse uyakhishwa ngokucophelela bese kwenziwa imbila. Amahlumela aqinisiwe kancane kancane ayiswa kuvulandi ukuze aqhubeke nokuqina.
Ukwehlukaniswa kokusikwa kwesihlahla sikamama
Indlela elula futhi esheshayo yokuthola isitshalo esisha ukwahlukanisa isihlahla sikamama. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa kuphela ukuzalanisa izinhlobo zemigwaqo ye-azalea, kepha ezitshalweni zasendlini ayifanele.
Umnyombo wendlela ukuthi amahlumela aseceleni aqondiswe emhlabathini, alungiswe futhi afafazwe nomhlaba. Ngokunisela njalo, lokhu kudubula kuzoqala ukuthatha izimpande futhi isithombo sentwasahlobo esilandelayo sesihlukaniswe isitshalo esisehlathini elincane.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Ingadi azalea: ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla sikamama
Kuyaqabukela, le ndlela yokusabalalisa ama-azaleas nayo iyasetshenziswa. Iqiniso ngukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isihlahla esikhulu se-Rhododendron ukuhlukaniswa. Futhi izitshalo ezincane azinalo uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, olungesabi ukukhohliswa okunjalo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla esincanyana se-azalea senziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhamba kwalamusi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpande kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ifosholo elibukhali noma ummese. I-Delenki ephumayo idluliselwa endaweni entsha.
Ukulima i-Azalea ngokusikwa
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusakazwa kwama-azaleas ngokusika ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Inqubo yokusika ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5 kuye kwezingu-4. Ngale ndlela, asikiwe we-apical anobude obuyi-7-10 cm asetshenziswa.
Ukuze kube yimpumelelo ukuqothula kwamahlumela, kumele kwakheke imibandela ekhethekile.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthi kulula kangakanani ukususa i-azalea ukugcina umbuso wokushisa. Ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa njalo (18 ° C), kungcono ukubeka iziqukathi ezisikiwe ekushiseni okuphansi (ngokwesibonelo, eduze nebhethri).
Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kumele lihlale limanzi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-1.5, ungatshala amahlumela anezimpande emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukusika ama-azaleas
Kuyini ukusikwa
Indlela yokusabalalisa isitshalo lapho ingxenye ethile (ukusikwa) ehlukaniswe isitshalo somzali isetshenziswa ibizwa ngokuthi ukusikwa.
Kubalulekile!Ngokuxhunyelelwa, izitshalo ezintsha ezinonhlobo olufanayo nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka njengombala wokubeletha ziyatholakala. Ezinye izindlela azihlali zinikeza umphumela onjalo.
Indlela yokusabalalisa isetshenziswe njengokusakazeka kwezitshalo iminyaka engaba ngu-150. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo zasendlini nokuhlobisa ingadi, amahlathi, njll.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika kwesiqu kuyindlela enkulu yokuthola izinto zokutshala zezithelo ezithile, amajikijolo kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlobisa (curators, amagilebhisi, njll.). Inqubo enjalo yokulima izilimo idinga izimo ezithile. Ukusika ukusika kungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kokudubula, futhi izithasiselo zokukhula zisetshenziselwa ukusiphula ngokushesha ukusika.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusika ukusika, ngokuya ngekhono lesitshalo ezimpandeni. Kungaba ukusika kuma-internode, okwenziwe ngesando, okwenziwe nge-nodular, njll.).
Izici zokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zokusika kwe-azalea
Kunokufana okuningi ngendlela ama-azaleas ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene akhiqiza ngayo. Ukusikwa kwesibambo kungaba yinto eqondile noma eqondile. Ukuze kube nokubola, ingxube ye-peat substrate enesihlabathi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhula. Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula i-acidity ye-substrate - kumele ibe yi-acidic. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-petioles, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngama-fungicides ukuvikela ukukhula kwezifo ezithathelanayo enqubweni yokubola.
Izimbumbulu zezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ze-azalea kufanele zivuthwe - uma ihlumela liphuka ngokuqhekeka kwezinkuni, khona-ke kufanelekile ukusika. Esibayeni kufanele kube khona izinso ezakhiwe eziqedele ukukhula kwezitshalo, amaqabunga nawo akhiwa, abusayizi obujwayelekile.
Ukunaka! Usayizi wokusika ungama-10-15 cm, kwesinye isikhathi athatha amasentimitha angama-20, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu.
Ngemuva kokuba izingcezu zihlukaniswe esihlahleni sikamama, zenza okulandelayo:
- I-cutlery igxilisiwe esixazululweni nge-stimulator yokukhula kwamahora we-10-15.
- Ngemuva kwalokho ifakwa ekujuleni kwenhliziyo nge-2-3 cm.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kahle futhi imbozwe ifilimu.
Ukwehla kwezinga lokusikwa kwama-Rhododendrons ama-evergreen kuyaqhubeka izinyanga ezi-4, emva kwalokho ahlala ezinye izinyanga ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukukhula. Ifilimu lingasuswa lapho ukusika sekukhulile.
Izimbambo zenziwa ngokushisa kwe- + 22 ... +27 ° C ngokukhanya okuhle. Ama-azaleas ama-evergreen angakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokusika kusuka maphakathi nehlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla (kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba).
Kunomehluko omncane ekugxilweni kwe-azaleas eyinqaba - ukukhula konyaka, okungakaqedi ukwenziwa kwentuthuko, kuthathwa lapho kusikiwe (ihlumela le-vegetative liyaqhubeka likhula, amaqabunga apical kumele abe mancane, angaqedwa ukwakheka kwawo).
Kubalulekile!Uma isiqongqo sento siqedile ukuthuthukiswa, futhi amaqabunga asephenduke aluhlaza ngombala nosayizi ojwayelekile, khona-ke isiqu esinjalo ngeke sinikeze izimpande.
Izindlela zokusika ezinhlobonhlobo ze-azalea zinesikhathi esinqunyelwe (cishe ukuphela kukaJuni - ukuqala kukaJulayi).
Zonke izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokubamba imbala zifana nokukhwabanisa ngezinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza ze-azalea. Ama-cuttings afakwa emgodini ongaphansi kwe-acidic, enza umphumela wokushisa komhlaba, izinga lokushisa lomoya elizinzileyo kanye nokukhanya okwanele kuyalawulwa. Inqubo yokubamba izimpande ithatha izinyanga ezi-1.5 kuye kwezingu-4.
Ukuqhakaza, kuyafana nje nesihlahla somzali, ezitshalweni ezincane ezitholwe ukusikwa, kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 ngemuva kokutshala ngokunakekela isihlahla ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Izithombo ezisikiwe ze-azalea
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ungayisabalalisa kanjani i-azalea isebenzisa ukusikwa
Ukusakazeka ngokusikeka kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi engahudula izinyanga ezine. Kepha zonke ezinye izindlela ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga umzamo omningi kumniniyo.
Isikhathi esifanele sokuxhunyelelwa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo, yize lokhu kungavunyelwe kunoma iyiphi enye inkathi. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusakazwa ngokusikwa kwesihlahla se-azalea ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo yezenzo:
- Sika izingcezu okungenani eziyi-10 cm ngokususa amaqabunga aphansi.
- Phatha izingcezu ngesikhuhli sokukhula.
- Gxila konke ukusikeka ku-substrate ngamasentimitha amathathu bese uwuthambisa kahle.
- Dala i-mini-greenhouse ngefilimu noma indebe yepulasitiki.
- Qala ukufaka umoya wezitshalo ngemuva kwesonto imizuzu eyi-15 ngosuku.
Ngemuva kokuqothula izimpande ngempumelelo, izithombo zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi ofanelekayo we-acid, kuthi ngemuva konyaka zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izithombo ezisikiwe
Ubunzima nezinkinga ekusakazweni kwe-azaleas
Lapho kusakazwa ama-azaleas ekhaya, abatshali bezimbali bangahlangabezana nobunzima obunjengokubola kwezilimo, ukungabi banzi nokukhula, noma ukufa kwembewu.
Izimbangela zokubola zingase zibe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamahlumela anezifo, noma i-substrate engafanele engenwe izifo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomoya namanzi asetshenziselwa ukunisela.
Ukuntuleka kokukhula nokubola kwesiqu kungabakhona uma isiqu sathathwa ukuze sitshale ngokuthuthuka okungafanele kwemifino. Njengomthetho, izinqubo ezinjalo zibhekene nokufa.
Ukunaka! Ukufa kwe-cuttings kungenzeka ngemuva kokuqothula, ngoba i-azalea ibhekwa njengesitshalo esikhulu. Noma iziphi izinguquko ezenzeka emvelweni (izinguquko emazingeni okushisa, umswakama, okusalungiswa) zingabulala.
Kuzo zonke izindlela zokwandisa i-azaleas, ukusikwa kubhekwa njengengabiza kakhulu, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga izihlahla ezivamile kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahlathi, izinto zokutshala ziyohlala zanele. Uma zonke izimo zihlangatshezwa futhi zinikezwa imvelo enhle yesitshalo, ungasakaza ngokwakho i-azalea ekhaya futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuhlobisa isayithi lakho ngamabhishi amahle aqhakazile.
