Igama laleso siko lanikezwa ukuhlonipha umcwaningi wezokuziphatha, isazi sezitshalo kanye nesazi sezokuma komhlaba waseSt. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-13 ezaziwayo, ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo zezinkulungwane eziyi-15. Isiko linendlela ekhangayo yengxenye yesihlahla futhi libonakala ngokuqhakaza okugcwele ngesikhathi sehlobo. Ukuze uthole ama-dahlias amahle okuqhakaza izimbali, ukutshala nokunakekela enkundleni evulekile kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho ethile.
Izici ze-dahlias: izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlukaniswe isiko libe yi-dahlias yonyaka (etshalwe izimbali zezimbali ukuhlobisa ama-verandas) kanye ne-dahlias yonyaka (ebekwe ezingadini nasemibhedeni yezimbali). Iqembu ngalinye linezici zalo ezihlobene nomgomo wokutshala, ukubukeka nokunakekelwa.
Izimbali ze-dahlias
Kubalulekile! Umehluko omkhulu usemikhondweni yezingxenye zezinto zasemoyeni kanye nemiqumbe.
Izihlahla zamandulo zide kakhulu futhi ziqabile. Zingakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2. Izingane ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala zinamafomu amancane (ngokuvamile ayisisekelo sotshani), atshalwa njengomhlobiso wesikhashana.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo
Omunye umehluko ukwakheka kwembali, enquma amaqembu ayinhloko ezinhlobonhlobo:
- Elula - liqukethe umugqa wokuqala wama-petals kanye nesikhungo esivulekile. Ngaphandle kufana nomdwebo onemibala. Izinhlobo ze-Base: I-Princess Marie Jose, i-Yellow Hammer, i-Orangeade.
- Imise okwenziwe nge-anemone - inemigqa eminingana yamacembe asemuva nangaphakathi. Hlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana noLucy, Vera Higgins, Comet.
- I-Collar - inomugqa owodwa wezinsimbi ezinciphile kanye nesimo sangaphakathi, esisontekile. Izinhlobo: La Gioconda, Chimborazo, uClaire de Luna.
- Imise okomhlana. Igama lihambisana ngokuphelele nokubukeka. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi: Symphonia and Fascination.
- Iqembu lokuhlobisa - limelwe yizinhlobonhlobo uDavid Howard, iThames Valley, eJocondo.
- Spherical - UCrichton Honey, uDoreen Hayes no-Esmondе.
- Amompompo - ahluke ngemibala ehlukene, phakathi kwawo akukho kuphela ilitha eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobonhlobo: IHallmark, uWillo's Violet noNoreen.
- I-Cactus - Ukuvakasha, UDanny, uPirouette, uSuku lukaDoris.
- I-Semi-Cactus - I-Yellow Mood, i-White Swallow, iNantenan, i-Autumn Fire.
- Nymphaea - babizwa nangokuthi-lotus-like ngenxa yokufana nembali yegama elifanayo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: iGeri Hawk, iGenetta neBrushstroke.
Izinhlobo zonyaka
Iqembu elixubekile linezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.
Ukutshala isitshalo
I-Dahlias, ukutshala nokunakekela okwenziwa ngohlelo olulula, kuqhakaza cishe lonke ihlobo kuze kube sekwindla. Ukuze uzuze umbhikisho wemibala, kubalulekile ukutshala izimbali kahle.
Ukutshala imbewu
Imbewu itshalwa ikakhulu i-dahlia minyaka yonke. Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sinobume obuhle bezingxenye zasemoyeni. Isiqu sifinyelela ku-30-40 cm ukuphakama. Ama-nzalo anjalo aqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, afanelekile ukukhula ezikhula ngezimbali.
Naka! Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlwanyela: enhlabathini evulekile nasemabhodweni ngokuqhubeka kokutshala embhedeni wezimbali. Esokuqala sithandwa kakhulu, ngoba izithombo zimelana nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Ungatshala kanjani i-dahlias ngembewu:
- Ukuzikhethela kwendawo. Isiko lithanda ilanga, ngakho-ke udinga ukusibeka endaweni evulekile.
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMeyi. Isitshalo sithanda imfudumalo, ngakho-ke udinga ukugxila kwisimo sezulu.
- Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Kufanelekile ukukhetha inhlabathi enenkani. Inhlabathi enobuthi obuncane noma ongathathi hlangothi kufanelekile. Okokuqala udinga ukwenza umquba womquba nokumbiwa.
- Imbewu ekhuphukayo. Zidinga ukugcotshwa kwekhambi lokufaka isikhunta ukuvikela ezifweni nasekubolweni.
- Emhlabathini osicaba, yenza ama-grooves ama-2-3 cm ajule kude nge-30-40 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Fafaza imbewu eceleni kwesipuni ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-30 ukuya kwayi-40.Fafaza izinto zokutshala ngenhlabathi bese uthele.
- Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, umbhede udinga ukumbozwa ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala emavikini angama-2-3, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.
Ihlume izithombo
Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu esitsheni, i-algorithm yezenzo ziyefana. Kuliqiniso, ibhukumaka lingaqala ngoMashi-Ephreli, njengoba ukuhluma kuzokwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa noma ngaphakathi ezindlini.
Ukutshala izithombo
Lapho utshala izithombo, udinga ukukhetha kuphela izindawo ezinelanga, kepha uvikeleke kokusalungiswa nomoya. Inhlabathi kumele ivundiswe kusenesikhathi futhi ikhululwe kahle. Amahlumela atshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo:
- Lungisa imithombo. Ukujula nobubanzi kufanele kuhambisane nosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo. Ibanga phakathi kokuphumelelayo kumele lenziwe okungenani ngama-40 cm.
- Beka amahlumela ngokuvundla bese udonsa ukuze intamo yezimpande ifafazwe nomhlaba 3-5 cm.
- Nisela kakhulu izithombo.
- Mboza ngefilimu kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingabe lisawela ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C.
Izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Imbali ikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udinga ukubheka njalo ukuphakama kwefilimu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iziqu ziyonakaliswa futhi zizotholakala ziqonde ngokuqondile emhlabathini.
Ukunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukunakekela i-dahlias kubandakanya ukunisela isitshalo nokukhulula umhlaba. Ungayenza kanjani kahle:
- Lapho le ngxenye engenhla iba nokuphakama okungama-10-12 cm, kuyadingeka ukwenza okuthile okuqoqiwe. Eduze kwesiqu ukuze kwakheke igquma. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthatha izimpande ngokuvumela amahlumela amaningi.
- Ukuchelela kwenziwa kanye ngeviki, ngoba isiko livimbela isomiso. Umhlabathi kufanele umanzi ujule ngo-30 cm. Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti, ukunisela okungamiswa kuyamiswa.
- Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, udinga ukubuyekeza igquma elizungeze isiqu bese ukhulula inhlabathi emgodini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela isistimu yezimpande ekuwohlokeni futhi iqinisekise ukuhamba komoya ojwayelekile komoya.
Ukunisela isitshalo
Nakani! Ukubamba kwenziwa kaningi ngesizini. Isidingo sivela lapho isikhundla sesihlahla sesihlahla somhlaba sishintsha.
Ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuthi wome ngaphandle, ungafaka imboza izithombo zezihlahla emgodini. Kepha ungasuswa - ungqimba kufanele lube oluncane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukususa lo mulch ukufaka umoya futhi ukhulule inhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kokunisela nokugcina inhlabathi, ukwakheka kwezixhasi zamabhasi kuhlala kungumthetho obalulekile. Isisekelo se-leash siqhutshwa emhlabathini lapho utshala izithombo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthenwa kwamagatsha namaqabunga awengeziwe.
Izindlela zokuzala
IDahlia ingazala ngezindlela ezinhlanu. Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo nobubi, futhi ezinye azisetshenziswa kakhulu. Izindlela zokukhulisa okusakazwayo:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Inketho elula kunazo zonke, ezonga zonke izimfanelo zesihlahla sikamama. Ekwindla, udinga ukususa ama-tubers emhlabathini, ugeze, ususe izimpande ezifile bese uhlukanisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngezandla zakho. Ishubhu ngalinye ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kufanele libe nezinso ezimbili.
- Ukugoma akuyona uhlobo oluvame, kepha olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokuzala. Kwi-tuber yakudala, yenza umgodi obumbeke esimweni sokukhanya. Khomba bese ufaka i-sprig enempilo ye-dahlias ku-tuber. Songa indawo yokuxhumeka ngokotini. Tshala umuthi wokugoma emhlabathini.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ikuvumela ukuba uthole isitshalo esisha ngokuphelele (izinhlamvu zomama azigciniwe). Lapho imbali iqala ukubuna, udinga ukuyisika bese uyomile egumbini. Okulandelayo ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokutshala nokupakisha kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
- Izimbumbulu. Indlela leyo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izitshalo eziqinile ezinamandla aphezulu okumelana nezifo. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo zitshalwa ebhokisini. Ukunisela efanele nokunakekelwa. Lapho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula, kuzovela isiqu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwama-2-3 internode kwisibambo, angagawulwa. Faka ihlumela esitsheni sesihlabathi.
- Izingxabano zinikeza ithuba lokuthola izinhlobo ezintsha. Sika igatsha eligelezayo bese utshala ebhodweni elihlukile. Kancane kancane yehlisa ukuthambisa bese uvumela ihlumela ukuba lome. Ebusika, beka isitsha egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ayi-6 ° C. Entwasahlobo, qala kabusha ukuchelela ukuze utshale isihlahla emhlabathini ovulekile kakade ngoMeyi.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela, ungathola hhayi kuphela inani elikhulu lamabhishi asemasha, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezintsha ngokuphelele.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ukuze isihlahla siqhume kakhulu futhi hhayi ukuthi sihlaselwe yizinambuzane, ngesikhathi sokukhula udinga ukukhiqiza ukugqokwa okuphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile. Yenza inqubo okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Ukuze isitshalo sithole zonke izinto ezidingekayo, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali kanye noku-organic kumele kuguqulwe.
Njengoba umanyolo we-organic usebenzisa i-infusion ye-mullein, umquba wenkukhu, i-ammonium nitrate. Isihlahla sizokhula sigcwele uma, lapho kuvela amahlumela amabili okuqala, kufakwa ama-superphosphates noma omanyolo we-potash. Futhi, amahlumela kudingeka atshalwe enhlabathini evundiswe kahle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcwali umanyolo, ukuze ungabhubhisi imbali.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Udinga ukufakela isitshalo njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma ususe ngokuphelele inhlabathi emgodini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Isikhathi esifanele senqubo yintwasahlobo. Uhlelo lwezimpande lungakafinyeleli esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke, izinkinga ze-mizizi ngeke zivele ngokuzayo.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-dahlias endaweni entsha, udinga ukulungisa umgodi. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusukela ekuweni.
Ngokufakelwa okudingayo:
- Bemba ishubhu, phatha izimpande.
- Cwilisa izinto zokudlulisa ku-antiseptic noma ugeze kusuka enhlabathini endala.
- Hambisa emgodini omusha bese udonsa.
- Nisela izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Ukugaya uDahlia
Ukuze ube nezimbali ezinkulu ezinemibala ekhanyayo emithini, awudingi ukunakekela kuphela ukondla, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukwakha isihlahla. Ukunqampuna inketho ephumelela kunazo zonke:
- Kusala iziqu ezintathu ngaphezulu ehlathini.
- Emigqeni yezimbali, ama-buds angeziwe ayakhishwa, kusale kuphela u-1-2.
- Ama-buds aqothulwe futhi anyamalale nawo ayasuswa.
- Ezinhlotsheni ezinde, amagatsha aseceleni nawo asikiwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla kuyaqhubeka kulo lonke ihlobo, kusukela lapho izimbadada zivela kuze kube sekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bush adinga ukuboshwa futhi aqiniselwe ukusekelwa.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukuchelela ngesikhathi kanye nokugqoka okungaphezulu kuvimbela izinambuzane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kusasithinta isitshalo. Imvamisa, ingadi enezimbali ezinjalo ivakashelwa ama-slugs nama-earwigs.
Ukuvikela amahlahla ngezinsuku ezishisayo, afafazwa ngamalungiselelo wokuhlanza izinambuzane. Lokhu kuzosiza ukusindisa amaqabunga nezimbali ezinambuzaneni, amahlumela, amakhaza.
Izinkinga ze-Leaf
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-aphid ikhathaza i-dahlias, egcwele iziqongo zamaqabunga, etholakala ngeziqu nangemuva kwepuleti leqabunga. Ungazisindisa enambuzaneni kuphela ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sensipho njengesifutho.
Isikhathi sezimbali nokunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi
Izimbali zikaDahlia azinhle kuphela, kodwa futhi zifuna kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo sidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-dahlias ngesikhathi sezimbali:
- Phinda kabili inani lokunisela.
- Susa ama-buds afile kanye namaqabunga owomile.
- Susa ama-buds angeziwe kubhulashi eliqhakazayo.
- Galela ngomanyolo we-organic.
Isiko lezimbali
Ezinye izidingo zingavela ngenxa yemvelo yezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
NgoSepthemba, iziqu ziqala ukufiphala, kuthi ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala sishintshe umbala. Lesi yisikhathi esifanele sokuhlanza.
Ukulungiselela imbali ebusika, udinga:
- Sika iziqu. Khipha impande.
- Susa inhlabathi eyeqile kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa, uyihlanze bese uyihlisela kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate imizuzu engama-30.
- Thola izinqubo ezicashile bese uzisike. Fafaza izingcezu nge-activated carbon powder.
- Sula ama-tubers uwafake emabhokisini enkuni. Faka isivuno egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lingadluli ku-10 ° C.
- Uma ubusika bunokhahlo, khona-ke izimpande zisale egumbini elilodwa. Uma ngabe iqhwa alinzima, ungakhipha amabhokisi aseziseleni noma elachitheka.
Isitoreji seTuber
Uma kuvela amahlumela ezimpandeni, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayisindisa kanjani i-dahlia ehluma ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcwalisa sawdust ebhokisini bese umboza isitsha ngendwangu.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-Dahlia - imbali inhle kakhulu futhi igqamile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kahle ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Izimbali zitshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali, zakha imibhede yezimbali kubo, futhi isetshenziselwe ukudala uthango.
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba
Isiko leli lihle kakhulu lihlanganiswe cishe nanoma yiziphi izimbali ezikhula phezulu nezihlahlana. Izinhlobo zonyaka zingatshalwa ezindaweni zezimbali ukuhlobisa insimu nezikhala ezivulekile. Ngakho-ke isigodlo sigcwele imibala ehlukene, esizoshintsha kusukela maphakathi nehlobo siye ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Isihlahla esihle se-dahlias
Ukutshala i-dahlias, kanye nokuzala kwazo, kuyizinqubo ezilula. Isiko alithobeki kakhulu futhi livumelana ngokuphelele kunoma yiziphi izimo. Kepha ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinhle kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunaka kakhudlwana: ukondla, kunisela namanzi.
