Ugqumugqumu ibheja evamile ngokukhula phakathi kwamapulati. Izinga lokukhula kanye ne-fruiting bushes lenza kube umholi phakathi kwamanye amajikijolo. Namuhla sizobuka incazelo eningiliziwe ye-ujusi ugqumugqumu, obizwa ngokuthi "amagilebhisi asenyakatho", futhi uxoxe ngezici zokulima.
Umlando wezinhlobo zokuzalanisa
Ubunandi bokuphuza obuphuzi buvuzwa ngabalimi be-All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture okuthiwa emva kwe-I.V. Michurin. Usuku oluqondile kanye nesibongo somfuyi owabanjwe kulezi zihlukahlukene akuboniswa.
Uyazi? I-Gooseberries yaqala ukukhulelwa e-Kievan Rus ngekhulu le-11, bese iberry lalibizwa ngokuthi "bersen" noma "agryz". Sekudlule isikhathi eside, ukugcoba kwakwethulwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI, futhi kwavela eNyakatho Melika ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII.
Incazelo yehlathi
I-shrub yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-ugqumugqumu inamandla, ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwe-1.5 m. I-shrub inomqhele oqhamukayo, amaqabunga amancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala nge-tinge yomnqumo. Unesimo se-blade, emaphethelweni we-sheet-rounded-toothed. Isihlahla siqukethe amahlumela we-thickness, aqoshwe emgodini omnyama ngombala obomvu obomvu. Amahlumela ehlathini ahlanganiswe kakhulu ngameva abukhali.
Funda indlela yokuvuna i-gooseberries ebusika.
Incazelo yamajikijolo
Amajikijolo esiqhingini se-jigsaw ripen kakhulu, akhulu, isisindo - angaba ngu-6 g, abe nomumo ohlotshisiwe noma owuphakathi. Esimweni esivuthiwe, bathola i-hue yegolide, isikhumba siyaba mncane futhi sinwebeka. I-berry ngokwayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ithola isakhiwo esithambile. Izithelo ezinjalo zithokozela njengoba ziqukethe ushukela o-17% futhi zibe ne-aroma ehlonishwayo. 
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Ujuji ugqumugqumu lubhekwa njengokungaqiniseki ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane nezifo. Ngokuvamile isitshalo sithinta isikhutha se-powdery. Amabala aluhlaza avela emaqabunga, ekugcineni asakazeka esitshalweni bese enza ukuthi amaqabunga amaqabunga awile. Lesi sifo sithinta futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo futhi kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno.
Funda futhi indlela yokwandisa i-gooseberries, indlela yokwelapha ngayo, ukuyihlwanyela futhi uyiqede.Phakathi kwezifo ezivamile ze-Honeyberry ugqabi nazo:
- i-anthracnose - izindawo ezincane ezimnyama ezingatholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zihlangene zibe izindawo ezinkulu futhi ziba yisizathu sokuphela kokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane;
- ukubola okumpunga - ukuphazamiseka amajikijolo ngenxa yeso sizathu esizwakalayo, okugcina sigubha sonke isitshalo;
- indawo emhlophe - ebonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezimnyama ezinxenyeni eziqhamukayo zezitshalo, okwenzeka ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo zibe mhlophe ngomngcele omnyama;
- i-columnar ne-rust rust - ukwakheka kwama-bulges ophuzi emaceleni amaqabunga.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezithinta izihlahla ze-ugqumugqumu yizi:- ukudubula i-aphid - ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela kanye nesitshalo njengama-stops, amahlumela aphelile, amaqabunga ama-curl;
- ugqumugqumu inundu - inkathazo idla wonke amaqabunga esihlahleni;
- sawfly - izinambuzane ezibeka amaqanda ezinxenyeni ezinqamule zezitshalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuphela imifino ehlala emaqabunga;
- i-mothfire - ubeka amaqanda ngezimbali, ekugcineni, emva kokubunjwa kwe-ovary, amajikijolo aphendukile avule.
Uyazi? Ukukhwabanisa kwakusakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ngekhulu le-19, lapho kutholakala izinhlobo ezintsha ezintsha eNgilandi. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1500 ze-ugqumugqumu, ezikhulile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Ukumelana nesomiso nobunzima bebusika
Uju lubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-frost, ngakho ubusika abuyingozi kuye, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokulima emiphakathini ephakathi, ekhonjiswa ngezinhlobo zokushisa ezingenamvula. Izinhlobonhlobo nazo ziphikisana nesomiso, kodwa ungayinaki ukuchelela, njengoba kuphela uma uthola inani elanele lehlathi elivuthiwe ngokuvamile lizothela izithelo.
Bheka izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Isiklabishi isitshalo esithande kakhulu futhi kufanele sithole inani elanele elangeni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga, izithelo zokuvuthwa zivela, ngakho-ke, isihlahla kufanele sitshalwe endaweni evulekile ukuze kungabonakali izakhiwo noma ezinye izitshalo. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo singezo zomdwebo, kodwa ukuqhuma umoya kungathinta kakhulu amahlumela. 
Izidingo zomhlaba
Uju Isisu sikhula kahle emhlabathini ovuthiwe, ovundile futhi uthanda inhlabathi encane encane noma engathathi hlangothi. Lesi sitshalo kufanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezwe, ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi ezinamandla nezilukhuni. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ekukhanyeni okuvundile okuphakathi kwemifula kanye nezihlahla ezinesihlabathi. Akunconywa ukutshala isihlahla se-ugqumugqumu endaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze kakhulu, okujwayelekile kunamaphesenti ama-1.5. Kulesi sixhumano, ungatshali isitshalo ezindaweni eziphansi noma ukuchithwa.
Isikhathi nesikimu sokufika
Ukuqala ukutshala izihlahla kungaba kokubili entwasahlobo nasenkathini yekwindla. Uma ukufika kuzokwenziwa ekwindla, kufanele ube nesikhathi sokutshala amasonto amabili ngaphambi kweqhwa. Uma ukuhlwanyela kwesitshalo kuzoba entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokutshala isihlahla ngaphambi kokuhluma kuqala ukuvula kwezinye izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Akuvunyelwe ukutshala i-gooseberries endaweni lapho i-currant noma okusajingijolo kusetshenziselwa ukukhula, njengoba lezi zitshalo zinciphisa kakhulu inhlabathi kanye nesihlahla esihlahla esihlahla esiqhwayo singase singahlali phansi.Inqubo yokufika kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwenqubo ehleliwe, kubalulekile ukufeza ezinye izindlela. Lungiselela isakhiwo, ususe wonke ukhula, ukumba nokulinganisa ubuso bomhlabathi (ama-clumps amakhulu omhlaba aphulwa yi-rake). Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala isihlahla kufanele buhambelane nenani lama-50 × 50 cm, ukujula - 60 cm. Ngokwezimo uhlukanise izingqimba ezicutshiwe endaweni ekhonjiwe: faka isigamu sokuqala somhlabathi kolunye uhlangothi nengxenye yesibili kwenye. Kuleso sigaba somhlabathi, esasiseduze naphezulu, engeza ama-7 kg we-humus, 50 g we-superphosphate kabili, 40 g we-potassium sulfate. Konke kuxutshwe kahle. Ingqimba engaphansi kwenhlabathi ixubene nesihlabathi somfula (ibhakede elilodwa). Izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe ngebanga lokungenani li-1.5m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Imigqa kufanele itholakale kude kumamitha amabili okungenani.
Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukukhetha indawo efanele futhi wenze inqubo yokutshala, kodwa futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokucophelela ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo, okuzoba yisisekelo sekhwalithi ephezulu neyande kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Njengoba sinikezwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo luyindawo ejulile engama-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini ongaphansi komhlaba, i-ugqumugqumu idinga ukuningi, kepha ukuchelela okungajwayelekile. Kudingekile ukulawula inani lomswakama oluthulwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngaphandle kokucabangela izimo zesimo sezulu: amanzi ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesomiso kunenkathi yemvula.
Kubalulekile! Uma izimvula zivame kakhulu futhi zinzima, ukuchelela okufakelwayo kumele kume..Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kumele kukhokhwe ekuphuzeni ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary, ifihlekile imbali ngonyaka ozayo (isikhathi kusukela maphakathi no-May kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni) kanye nokuvuthwa kwezithelo (kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kwa-Juni). Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokuchelela njalo ngesikhathi silungiselela amahlathi ebusika (ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba - maphakathi no-Okthoba). Inani lamanzi athululiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa, kufanele lilingane namabhakede ayi-3-5, kuye ngokuthi iminyaka yesitshalo nesimo sezulu siyini. Awunamanzi okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwempande. Ukuze inqubo ibe esebenzayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kunconywa ukumba imifula eminingana eyi-15 cm ejulile eduze kwehlathi, isuka ku-40 cm ukusuka esitshalweni. Amanzi athululelwa kuqala ekuthunjweni okuvuliwe futhi ngemuva kwalokho ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Inqubo yokuxubha ilungile uma ishisa kakhulu ngaphandle wonke amanzi aphuziswayo esitshalweni aqhuma ngesilinganiso esikhulu. Ukuze kugcinwe umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise indawo yempande ngotshani obunamanzi futhi uthele ungqimba omncane womquba noma uphezu phezulu.Ugqumugqumu - igumbi lokugcina lamavithamini.Ukukhulula inhlabathi kungahlanganiswa ne-weeding, okudingeka ukuthi ususe ukhula endaweni yempande yesitshalo. Kulokhu, ukhula luphazamisa ukujikelezwa komoya futhi kuthatha ingxenye yezakhi ezidingekayo. Ukukhulula inhlabathi emva kokutshala komuthi ngamunye, ukuze izimpande zithole i-oksijeni, futhi inhlabathi ezimpandeni ayiqedi. Qaphela ngokukhululeka ngenkathi ukhulula futhi ukhula, ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande yesitshalo, njengoba ezinye izimpande zingase zifinyelele eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini.
Ukudla
Amakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezitshalo kanye ne-fruiting yabo eningi, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi lesi sici ekunakekeleni i-gooseberries ye-Honey. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, kuyadingeka ukondla isitshalo ngenhlanganisela ye-urea (15 kuya ku-30 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M, kuye ngokuthi unyaka wesitshalo) ne-boric acid powder (10 g ngalinye 1 sq. M.). Ngemuva kokusebenzisa umanyolo, bamba up noma ukhulule i-patch yezimpande. 
Njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siqale ukuvuthwa kakhulu, sondla ngomquba womquba noma umquba (5 l), i-superphosphate elula (50 g), i-potassium chloride noma i-potassium nitrate (20 g), umuthi wokhuni (1 indebe) ngomitha wesikwele. Emva kokukhulelwa, inhlabathi ikhululiwe futhi iphuziswa ngamanzi amancane. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo, lapho kukhishwa i-ovary yokuqala, kunconywa ukuba ukondle izihlahla ezinomsoco we-nitrophoska (20 g) ne-potassium humate (40 g) ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayeze nge-agrotechnics yokukhuphula izinhlobo ezinjengejubisi ezifana nalezi: "Kolobok", "Komandor" ne "Grushenka".Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa ngesikhathi esithulule okungenani amalitha angu-20 esisombululo. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho kuvuna ukuqoqwa, kudingekile ukuba ukondle izihlahla kanye nanoma yiziphi izixube eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-phosphorus-potassium ezingenayo i-nitrogen. Izobangela ukubunjwa okusebenzayo kobumnyama obuhlaza, ukukhula kwamahlumela, okuzokwenza kube nzima esitshalweni ukuthuthela esigabeni "sokulala". Ama-fertilizer okuthenga adinga ukuhambisana nemilayezo yephakheji.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Ngesikhatsi samahlumela amahlanu we-ugqumugqumu ufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu, kubhekwe njengesihlahla esikhulu somuntu omdala. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqina komqhele kanye nokuvunwa okuphansi, kunconywa ukuba uhlume izihlahla nsuku zonke entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokususwa okwesikhashana kwamahlumela afile, abonakalisiwe, akunakwenzeka nje kuphela ukwenza umsebenzi wokuvuna, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokubhujiswa kwezinhlanzi yizinambuzane. 
Inqubo yokusika izihlahla ayikwazi ukukhohlwa ngamagatsha amakhulu athela izithelo - iminyaka emihlanu noma eyisikhombisa ubudala, anqunywa kuze kube sezingeni lesigatshana sesithathu, amahlumela asebekhulile - egatsheni lesine. Amahlumela endala, asebekhulile kuneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, kumele aqedwe phansi ukuze anikeze indawo ekubunjweni kwezihlumela ezintsha ezithela izithelo. Amahlumela amancane athunyiwe ayinconywa, njengoba athela izithelo ezinhle. 
Kuwe, ukusika izihlahla kuyadingeka. Ukwenza lokhu, zonke izihlumela ezibuthakathaka, eziphukile, eziphuziziwe eziphezu komhlabathi eziqothulwa umqhele wehlathi zihlaselwa kuze kufike ekukhuleni. Ziphazamisa ukungenelela okujwayelekile kokukhanya futhi kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi kanye namagciwane. Inqubo yokusika kufanele yenziwe ngensimbi ekhaliphile neyi-disinfected. Lezi tincetu zigcwele uketshezi lwe-copper sulfate-based (10 g womkhiqizo asetshenziselwa 1 l amanzi), emva kwalokho umgodi wensimu usetshenziselwa ukufaka izinti.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika kahle, kuyadingeka ukuba silungiselele kahle emakhazeni. Ekuqaleni, kunconywa ukuba uhlanze isiyingi esiseduzane, lapho ukhula, amaqabunga awela phansi nezithelo, kanye namahlumela asomile atholakalayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ungadala izimo ezizwakalayo zezinambuzane nezifungi. Ngokulandelayo, inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo ngokucophelela zimba futhi zikhulule.
Bheka futhi ezinye izitshalo zezihlahla: i-algae algae, i-goji, amagilebhisi, ama-raspberries, i-currants, i-sea buckthorn, i-sunberry nenja.Uma amahlathi ephakathi kwabantu abadala, kunconywa ukuba ubophe wonke amahlumela kwesinye noma amaqoqo amaningana ukuze ugweme ukuwalimaza ngesisindo esikhulu sekhava leqhwa. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, kubalulekile ukumboza isisekelo sehlathi ngogatsha lwe-coniferous, ukugoqa nge-sacking bese ubopha kahle. Ngakho uzovimbela ukufinyelela kumagundane asehlathini.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Uju ugqumugqumu luqala ukuvuthwa maphakathi noJulayi. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya nokucubungula, amajikijolo avunwa esimweni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe lapho bethola i-hue yegolide, kuyilapho elula futhi enobumnandi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Thola ukuthi yini ewusizo ku-viburnum, i-cherry enomnandi, okusajingijolo, i-berry yaseJapane, i-hawthorn, i-cherry, i-blueberry, i-cornel, i-strawberry esendle kanye ne-cloudberry.
Ukuthela
Umkhiqizo wezitshalo kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, indawo yokufika, kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele kwezitshalo. Uma wenza konke okulungile, khona-ke izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngolwesithathu ehlobo emva kokuphuma. Yiqiniso, ukuvunwa kokuqala kuyoba mncane, kodwa njalo ngonyaka inani lamakhilogremu eliqoqwe kusuka ehlathini liyokhula ngokushesha, futhi emva kweminyaka emithathu ungakwazi ukufeza isivuno esiphezulu - kufika ku-5 kg kusuka kwesitshalo esisodwa. I-shrub ingathela izithelo iminyaka engama-30, uma kuyiqiniso ukusika amahlumela bese uyondla njalo. 
Ukuthutha
Izinhlobo ze-Honeyberry ze-Honeyberry zihle kakhulu, zanikezwa ezinye ze-nuances. Ukuthutha noma ukuthengiswa kwamajikijolo badilizwa amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokukhula komthengi. Namanje zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okweqile futhi ophakathi kanzima. I-ugqumugqumu, ehlelwe ukuthi ihanjiswe, kumele ikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze izithelo ezibhuqiwe, eziqhekekile zingangeni engxenyeni enkulu. Emva kwalokho, ufafaze ephephandabeni ngendwangu encane futhi omile, ushiye amahora amathathu. Kudingeka ukuthutha ugqumugqumu emgodini enezindonga ezinzima.
Yidla ikhabethe eliphuzi, ama-raspberries, ama-plums, ama-cherry, utamatisi nama-izaqathe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyahlukahluka futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-compotes, ngeziphuzo ezihlwabusayo ikakhulukazi ezenziwe ngamajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesithelo esingenalutho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluvame ukupheka, ukugaxeka nokujamu. Amajikijolo nawo asetshenziselwa ukukhanda. Izithelo ezilungiselelwe ngokugcwele zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amaphayi, amaqebelengwane, ama-muffins futhi adliwe kalula. 
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukugcina amajikijolo avuthiwe isikhathi eside, kungcono ukuwacubungula ngokushesha, ukuze ukwazi ukufeza inani eliphakeme lamavithamini kumkhiqizo ophelile.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ukuhlukanisa:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- elimnandi kakhulu ukunambitheka sweet kanye uju iphunga, okuyinto isici kuphela yalezi ezihlukahlukene;
- ukumelana okuhle emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- lula ukunakekelwa.
- ubunzima ekuvuniwe ngenxa yezihlwathi eziningi ezihlathini;
- ukumelana kabi nezifo nezinambuzane;
- efuna umhlaba nokukhanya.
Ngakho-ke, i-Honeyberry is ahlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoba kubaluleka izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ukunambitheka. Kulula ukumnakekela, kepha ukufika kudingekile ukunakwa okukhethekile nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwensimu. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, kufanele ulandele zonke izincomo, landela amaphethini wokufaka umquba futhi uhlume njalo amahlumela.
