Ugwayi yisitshalo esinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Zonke zihlukile komunye nomunye ngombala, iphunga, ukwakheka, usayizi. Amabhushi kagwayi alinywa ngezinhloso ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ugwayi ojwayelekile utshalwa ngobuningi bezimboni, kanti namahlamvu awo omisiwe asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi. Izimbali zikagwayi onephunga elimnandi zizohlobisa indawo futhi zigcwalise ngephunga elimnandi. Yiluphi ugwayi wokuhlobisa, futhi kungani uvame ukutholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo, ungatholakala kule ndatshana.
Umsuka nokubukeka kwesitshalo
Umlando wemvelaphi kagwayi waqala ngomunye wohambo lomhloli wamanzi uChristopher Columbus. Emazweni angazange afundwe futhi kamuva aba yiMelika, yena nabangane bakhe bahlangana nabomdabu. Bakhipha umusi omnyama ezindebeni ezimnyama emilonyeni yabo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu bekubonakala kumangalisa kakhulu, kepha ngokuhogela umoya nangomoya ophelele, ukubhema okunjalo kubangela isimo sokuthula, sokuphumula nobungqabavu emzimbeni. Umuntu angazizwa sengathi uphansi kwe-hypnosis.
Izimbali zikagwayi
Abahambi ngenjabulo baqala ukubhema izinti ezingajwayelekile, noma amasiga, njengoba abantu bendawo babebabiza kanjalo. Kamuva, balethwa njengezipho ezihlonishwayo zenkantolo yasebukhosini, kanti owokuqala owaziwa ukubhema eYurophu kwakuyiNdlovukazi yaseSpain egama lingu-Isabella.
AbaseSpain baba ngabokuqala ukudala amasimu kagwayi, ngoba ngokulima kwabo bakhetha iziqhingi zaseCuba naseHaiti. Kusukela ngo-1540, ukuthutha kwasolwandle okunephunga elimnandi, okusetshenzwe ngogwayi kuye emazweni aseYurophu kuye kwenziwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umthengisi ophumelela kakhulu wembewu kagwayi kwakunguJoan Nicot waseFrance, eyayisabalalisa eFrance naseNgilandi. Ukuze kuhlonishwe igama lakhe, lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngokuthi uNicotiana.
I-Russia yaqala ukusebenzisa amacembe kagwayi ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan the Terrible. Ukubhema kwakuvunyelwe kuphela kubantu ababeyingxenye yobukhosi baseRussia. Kepha kungekudala, ngesinqumo sikaTsar Mikhail Fedorovich, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kwavinjelwa. Kamuva, nguTsar Peter I kuphela owavumela ukubhema.
Ugwayi uyisitshalo saminyaka yonke, kwesinye isikhathi esingapheli, emndenini osondelene. Ukukhula kwalo kufinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude, emvelweni kukhona kusukela ngo-6000 BC. Uhlotshiswe ngamaqabunga amakhulu nezimbali ezipinki, zibomvu noma zimhlophe ngendlela yeshubhu, elingamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha.
Izwe likagwayi
Ugwayi ekuqaleni wakhula ePeru naseBolivia, wagcina eYurophu wabonga uChristopher Columbus. Njengamanje, isikhule eChina, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia Minor, eNdiya. Amazwe ezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, okungukuthi iTranscaucasia, i-Uzbekistan, iKazakhstan, iMoldova, i-Ukraine, iCrimea neKrasnodar Territory.
Kukhula kanjani ugwayi
Ugwayi omnandi uyisitshalo se-thermophilic, esivame ukutshalwa emhlabathini ngesimo sezithombo. Imbewu yayo ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani ugwayi?
Lesi sitshalo somhlobiso siyizihlahla ezinobukhulu obuphakathi ngesigaxa esiminyene nesihlala isikhathi eside, sihlotshiswe ngamahlamvu amakhulu anamaphethelo akhonjwe kancane. Ubude besistimu yezimpande imvamisa abudluli kumamitha amabili. Izimbali zihambisana ne-panicle inflorescence. Izithelo zezihlahla zikagwayi zingamakhompiyutha embewu angaqhekeka lapho sesivuthiwe.
Izimbali Zokubhema
Ugwayi, onezimbali eziyizinkanyezi, ubukeka muhle kakhulu. Ububanzi be-inflorescence abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amahlanu. I-inflorescence ineshubhu ende yezimbali nezinsimbi ezinhlanu zombala omhlophe, opinki, okusajingijolo, obomvu, o-lilac, ophuzi, nombala ogqamile.
Ugwayi omnandi uqhakaza kuphela ukukhanya amahora amahora ayishumi nane ngosuku. Ugwayi ukhula kahle emphemeni noma ngewindi elikhanyiswe yilanga. Lesi sitshalo futhi sizoba namahora amane anele wokukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke zokuqhakaza.
Kuyathakazelisa! Le mbali inamakha anele ngephunga elimnandi, eliqina kusihlwa. Ukungcoliswa kwe-inflorescence yayo kwenziwa ebusuku ngamabhu ebusuku.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zikagwayi zokukhula engadini
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezingatshalwa esizeni noma engadini.
Ugwayi Wehlathi
Ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama, ibe neziqu eziqondile ezihlotshiswe ngamakha eqhwa amhlophe qhwa. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo lukagwayi yiBrazil. Imibala yayo ivame ukuhlotshiswa ngemidado futhi ibekwe ngemuva kombhede omkhulu wezimbali.
Izimbali zikagwayi
Ugwayi Langsdorf
Isitshalo esenziwa minyaka yonke, sisuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-1,2 ubude, sine-green hue ekhanyayo enama-buds abukeka njengensimbi enephunga elithandekayo. IBrazil neChile amazwe lapho ekhula khona ngokuzimela.
Izimbali zikagwayi ezinezimbali
Ugwayi onamaphiko
Lesi sitshalo se-perennial, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izinhlobo zonyaka. Inesiqu esiqondile, esingamasentimitha angama-60 noma angama-70 ubude, futhi futhi sinamahlamvu, aphakathi ngosayizi futhi asondele kancane. Amahlumela wesitshalo akhiwe ngesimo sangaphakathi, cishe amasentimitha ayi-7 noma angu-7,5, axhumeka emhlangeni owodwa omkhulu okuxekethile.
Ngokuyinhloko, ugwayi walezi zinhlobo uqhakaza ebusuku, kepha izinhlobo ezaqhakaza ngesikhathi sasemini zazizalwa ngokwezifiso. Isibonelo, uDeveli Olubomvu, uLime Green, uBreeze wakusihlwa, i-White Beder, iDomino Samer-Pink, iKrimson Rock.
Ugwayi weSander
Unguhlobo oluhlanzelwe olwembiwa ngogwayi olunamaphiko kanye nezinhlobo zasendle Ezikhohliwe. Sikhona kusukela ngonyaka ka-1903, lapho abafuyi bezitshalo bezala lolu hlobo. I-efihlekile inkulu kakhulu ngesimo futhi ayinayo iphunga. Ama-inflorescence abo angaba bomvu-bomvana futhi abe mhlophe qhwa.
I-sander kagwayi yezimbali
Imithetho Yokunakekela Ugwayi
Ukunakekela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo cishe kuyafana.
Ugwayi wesikhathi eside onephunga elimnandi: ama-nuances ekunakekelwa
Iziqu zalesi sitshalo zihlotshiswe ngamahlamvu amakhulu kakhulu athanda inani elikhulu lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, umqadi wegadi udinga njalo ukuthambisa inhlabathi.
Kuhle ukwazi! Uma uvame ukukhulula umhlabathi, izinkanyezi ezinemibala ekhanyayo ziyoqhakaza ezigxotsheni zikagwayi, futhi ukuqhakaza okumibalabala kuyokujabulisa ngobuhle bazo isikhathi eside futhi kube nephunga elihle.
Ugwayi onemibala - incazelo yesitshalo nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwayo
Ukuthola izithombo eziqinile ezinamakha kagwayi kagwayi, kuzodingeka ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nezimo zokushisa, kubalulekile ukuzinisela futhi zinikeze ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Uma usinakekela ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo futhi ungasikhulisa, ungakhula usibisi onempilo futhi omuhle.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwezithombo kungokulandelayo:
- Ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa wama-22 noma ama-23 ° C ngaphezulu kwe-zero kuze kube kuvela amahlumela. Ngokushesha nje lapho zivela, izinga lokushisa kufanele lehliselwe ku-18 noma 20 ° C ngaphezulu kuka-zero.
- Ukunisela njalo imbewu. Kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela usebenzisa ipani noma isibhamu sokufafaza ngengcindezi encane.
- Ukuxhuma i-mini-greenhouse ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuvula izithombo, uma zingekho ku-greenhouse, kodwa ngaphansi kwefilimu noma isivimbo. Hlala uvulekile okungenani imizuzu engama-20. Wonke amaconsi omswakama amboze ifilimu noma isembozo asuswa ngaphambi kokumboza izilimo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela okuqala, kunconyelwa ukuthi ungabe usawamboza ngalutho bese uwahambisa ohlangothini olunelanga: eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Abalimi abaningi abanekhono bengeza ukukhanyisela ugwayi wokuhlobisa usebenzisa i-phytolamp noma amalambu e-LED. Izibani zibekwa buqamama kusuka kuzithombo ezilingana okungenani ezinhlanu hhayi ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha. Uma isitshalo singenakho ukukhanya okwanele, isiqu saso siyolula okuningi.
Ugwayi omnandi: izimo ezikhulayo
Ugwayi uvame ukuvuthwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Le yinqubo ethatha isikhathi, kepha umphumela ngokuzikhandla uzojabulisa.
Ugwayi Omnandi: Ukukhula Kwembewu
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kagwayi kwenziwa kumhlabathi olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile nge-peat, humus kanye nenhlabathi yengadi, isilinganiso saso sithi: 1: 1: 1. Isitshalo kufanele sibe esitsheni esingajulile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokubeka imbewu emhlabathini, kunconywa ukuyibamba ngendwangu esongelwe, enamanzi izinsuku eziningana, kodwa ngaphandle kokulinda ukuhluma kwayo.
Ubukhulu bembewu buncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho utshala, kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokucophelela kuwo wonke umhlabathi. Ngemuva kwaloko, titjalo tiyanyiswa nge-sprayer. Ngokulandelayo, iziqukathi ezinembewu zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele zigcinwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi endlini ngamazinga okushisa okungenani angama-20 hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-22 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, amahlumela kufanele abonakale eqhubeka nokukhula kahle kusifti sewindows esikhanyiswe kahle ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela evulekile.
Ukutshala nini unyaka nonyaka ezitshalweni
Imbewu kagwayi waminyaka yonke onephunga elimnandi itshalwa kahle emhlabathini ovulekile ngesimo sezithombo, ngoba lesi yisitshalo se-thermophilic kakhulu. Imvamisa, imbewu kagwayi itshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Izithombo kufanele zifafazwe ngamanzi, bese zimbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Gcina izilimo zinconyelwa endaweni efudumele, kepha hhayi eshisayo. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ibekwa efasiteleni, lapho kunelanga elanele.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Izithombo kufanele ziniselwe ngendlela ehlelekile, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zithukulula umhlabathi, kuphela ngokucophelela kakhulu. Lapho nje imbewu ivela amapuleti amabili amaqabunga angempela, atshalwe ezitsheni ngazinye.
Tshala nini futhi kanjani ugwayi onamakha emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala amahlumela endoda enhle enephunga elimnandi ezweni elivulekile, umlimi kufanele anqume ngokucacile lapho kungcono ukwenza lokhu. Isimo esibalulekile wumhlaba oshubile ngokwanele. Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi uzotshala nini ugwayi onephunga elimnandi. Ingadi yezithombo ezinhle zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, inqobo nje uma umhlaba ukwazile ukufudumala kahle. Isikhathi esinconyiwe sokufika ngoMeyi.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ibanga elingaba amasentimitha angama-20-30 phakathi kwezihlahla ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwazo okugcwele.
Imodi yokunisela
Enye imfuneko yokukhula kwezihlahla zikagwayi ukuthambisa ejwayelekile. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ngenkathi esishisayo nesimo sezulu esomile, udinga ukuyinisela nsuku zonke.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ugwayi omnandi awudingi ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu, ungakhiqizwa kabili kuphela ngesizini eyodwa. Isikhathi sokuqala abazondlayo lapho kwakheka ama-buds, futhi futhi - ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuqhakaza. Njengomanyolo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-phosphate. Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu kumanyolo kuthinta ukukhula kwamahlamvu wesitshalo, kepha ngeke kuqhume kakhulu.
Izici zokunakekelwa ngesikhathi sezimbali
Imbali yokuhlobisa ugwayi ayihlali ibukeka igqamile futhi inemibala ehlukahlukene. I-inflorescence yohlobo lwezimbali eziqhakazayo kwesinye isikhathi iyatholakala. Ababangeli noma yimuphi umthelela omubi ekwakhekeni kwama-inflorescences amasha. Ngeke zisuswe uma unakekela kuphela ikhwalithi yezimbali. Ngasohlangothini lwama-aesthetics, kusobala, isitshalo esiqhakaza ngaphandle kwezithambo ezinonilenti sizobukeka kangcono, ngakho-ke, kuleli cala, kungcono ukuqeda ama-buds owomile, ikakhulukazi ngoba asuswa kalula kusiqu.
Izimbali zikagwayi
Izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zokuhlobisa zikagwayi ziyaqhakaza, ziqala ngoJuni ziphele ngoSepthemba. Ukuze wandise isikhathi sokuqhakaza, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-buds wezimbali omisiwe. Futhi umlimi ngamunye ufuna ukujabulela ihlathi eliqhakazayo eliqhakaza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphambi kokuqala kobanda.
Izici zokunakekelwa ekuphumuleni
Kungenzeka ukuthola izihlahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele zokubhema ugwayi uma ususa ama-inflorescence ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwawo, kwephula imicibisholo yezimbali. Le nqubo inomthelela ekwakhekeni okusebenzayo kwama -onsons angadingi ukususwa.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukwelula impilo yesilwane esisengadini, kuzodingeka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokugcina ekwindla, bumba ngokucophelela amahlahla abantu abadala.
- Dlulisa izitshalo zibe ngamabhodwe kasayizi ofanele bese uzifaka kufasitela elikhanyiswe kahle.
- Coba izingxenye eziluhlaza ngesihlahla, ushiye cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa ubude.
- Nisela izimbali, ngokuya ngezinga lomswakama wenhlabathi.
- Ngezinsuku zokuqala zasentwasahlobo, faka izihlahla zikagwayi zingene emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kungenzeka ukuvikele ukufa kwesitshalo osithandayo uma usikhulisa ngokuqhubekayo ebhodweni ekhaya. Kulokhu, kuphumula, futhi emva kokuqala konyaka omusha kuqala ukuqhakaza.
Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla esifanayo sikagwayi singatshalwa amashumishumi eminyaka. Umgcini wegadi udinga kuphela ukususa izimbali ezomile, ukugcina ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Lapho ugwayi onamakha uchithe isikhathi sasebusika ekhaya, kufanele uqhume kakhulu ngaphambili, ngokungafani namanye amahlahla atholakala ezitshalweni. Ama-Florists kudingeka acabangele le nto lapho enza amalungiselelo ezimbali.
Izinambuzane nezifo ezingaba khona lapho unakekela ugwayi onephunga elimnandi
Amabhishi kagwayi amelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Zinama-phytoncides amaningi angaxosha izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Amandla ayingqayizivele kagwayi onamakha ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi ezikhula eduze kwaso. Isibonelo, abalimi abaningi esivandeni sabo basitshala ngenhloso, ukuvikela ukubukeka kwebhungane lamazambane leColorado.
Ugwayi omnandi udinga imbewu efanelekile nokunakekelwa. Isitshalo esinempilo singaletha imizwelo ejabulisayo kubatshali bezimbali isikhathi eside. Amacembe kagwayi angahlala eluhlaza isikhathi eside phakathi nehlobo nesikhathi sokuwa, aze aqale ukubanda. Izimbali zayo zizoba nemibala egqamile ekhanyayo isikhathi eside.
