Ukumba nini gladioli - nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokuvuna ekwindla

IGladiolus iyisici esivelele kunoma iyiphi ingadi, sibonga izimbali ezikhanyayo nezinkulu zefomu elingajwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-gladioli ayizimbali ezilula zokukhula, ngoba azivumelanisa kalula nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ujabulele ukuqhakaza izimbali zasehlobo, kudingeka wazi ukuthi udinga ukugaya izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gladioli ebusika, nini futhi kanjani ukukwenza.

IGladiolus isitshalo saphakade somndeni wakwa-Iridaceae (Iris). Luhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu olukhula e-Asia, Europe nase-Afrika.

Izici:

Izinhlobo ze-gladioli ziyahlukahluka kwesinye ngesimo, ubukhulu, umbala kanye nokubukeka kwezimbali. Lesi sitshalo esinamandla amakhulu esingakhuliwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ngaphandle kokuthi kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezintsha. Igama layo livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "gladius", elisho ukuthi inkemba.

UGladioli engadini

Ama-gladioli kuma-terminology we-botanical abizwa nge- "corm", noma i-corm. I-Corm - ingxenye efingqiwe futhi eyisigqinsi yesiqu, izungezwe izingqimba eziningana zezikhumba ezinemibala e-brownish. Kwakhiwa unyaka ngamunye ngonyaka, kudonswa izakhi zomzimba ezindala bese ziyafa.

Iziqu zesitshalo ziqondile, zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama, zizungezwe amaqabunga, zide, zinezikhumba ezinesiphetho, zibunjiwe kancane, luhlaza okotshani ngombala.

I-inflorescences ye-gladiolus

Indlebe enamakha we-gladiolus inflorescence iqukethe ezinkulu, ezinhlotsheni eziningi - izimbali ezingenamkhawulo, eziyindilinga. Imbali ngayinye inamabhulokhethi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izahlukaniso kanye nama-petals ahlanganiswe kwisakhiwo se-tubular. Ama-stamens anamathiselwe kwisisekelo se-perianth funnel-shape. Umbala wezimbali uhlukile: kusuka kumhlophe, ophuzi, opinki ophuzi okuluhlaza obomvu nobububende, kwesinye isikhathi ama-multicolor, njengasendabeni yezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid.

Ukukhula kwe-gladioli

Ukunakekela i-gladioli kulula kakhulu. Lapho udala izimo ezintofontofo zezitshalo, zizonikeza abalimi izimbali ezinhle kakhulu.

Ongabheka:

1. Indawo yokuhlala. IGladioli ithanda izindawo ngaphansi kwelanga eligcwele futhi zivikelekile emimoyeni;
2. Inhlabathi. Bathanda umswakama, oxegayo, omanzeke kahle, ocebile enhlanganisweni yezinto zenhlabathi;
3. Ukunisela. Kwenziwa njalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi kuyo yonke inkathi yasehlobo (cishe kabili ngeviki). Kodwa-ke, umswakama kufanele uvikeleke kwizimbali ezingakaqhakaza. Indlela ekahle yokunisela isembiwe ngemifantu eduze kwesitshalo ukuya ku 5 cm;
4. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Sidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo eziqhakazayo, ezihlanjululwe emanzini ukunisela. Kungcono ukondla ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.

Enye into lapho unakekela i-gladioli ukususa ukhula ngesikhathi, njengoba ethatha ezinye izakhi ezenzelwe izimbali.

Isidlo se-gladioli

Uma ama-gladioli asikwa ukwenza ama-bouquets, khona-ke kungcono ukukwenza lokhu lapho kuvela izimbali eziqhakazayo ezingama-2-3. Isikhathi sokusika sisekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Ukusika kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu nge-diagonal, kushiya amaqabunga angama-4-6 esiqwini esisele emhlabathini. Amaqabunga abalulekile ekwakhekeni kwama-corms ngendlela efanele.

Isikhathi esifanele sokukhetha ama

Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo ngezitshalo lapho i-gladiolus isiphelile? Ngeshwa, izinhlobo eziningi azizinzanga isithwathwa, zidinga ukumba. Izimo zezulu zokulima zinqunywa lapho kugaywa i-gladiolus. Ngokuvamile, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe izinga lokushisa lomoya nemikhawulo yesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo.

Isikhathi esikahle sokumbiwa endaweni efudumele maphakathi no-Septhemba, noma ngabe amaqabunga esalokhu eluhlaza. Kulokhu, kufanele kuthathe cishe amasonto ayi-6 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, izinga lokushisa elenzekile lehla lifinyelela ku-10 ° C.

Ama-anyanisi amade kakhulu emhlabathini angaholela ekungenweni kwawo yizifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.

Isimo sezulu sokuhlanza

Kufanele kubiwe ngosuku elomile kwelanga, ukuze umhlaba womile. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-bulk ahlanzwa kalula, futhi amathuba awo omonakalo ancishisiwe.

Ukumba inqubo igxathu negxathu

Ukumba inqubo eyinhloko okufanele yenziwe nge-gladioli ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Lapho isikhathi sifika, udinga ukuthatha ifosholo noma i-pitchfork futhi wenze izenzo ezilandelanayo:

1. I-blade yethuluzi elisebenzayo kufanele icwiliswe emhlabathini ngokucophelela, izame ukunganyatheli, ukuze unqume ama-bulbs;
2. Bumba isitshalo bese usisusa ngobumnene enhlabathini ngokudonsa isiqu. Nyakazisa inhlabathi eyeqile. Uma umhlaba unamathele, kunconywa ukuhlamba ngamanzi afudumele;
3. Lungiselela ifilimu le-oyela noma i-polyethylene film ukubeka iradioli ayembiwe kuyo. Ngakho-ke ungathola wonke ama, kufaka phakathi izingane;

Uklwebuke uGladioli

4. Susa ezansi endala ye-corm. Uma sesivuthiwe, lokhu kulula ukukwenza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ake ulale phansi ukuze uvuthwe futhi womiswe;
5. Sika izimpande;
6. Hlambulula futhi uphathe ama ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate (2-5 g nge-10 l lamanzi). Gcina isixazululo okungenani isigamu sehora.
7. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngama-secateurs abukhali, isiqu sisikiwe. Awukwazi ukushiya kungadluli ku-1-2 cm ukuze ama-thrips, okungenzeka ukuthi akhona esiqwini esiphuzi, angayi ngaphansi kwesikali sama-bulbs, lapho angakwazi ukusinda khona ngokuphepha ebusika.

Yini gladioli musa ukumba ekwindla

Kwesinye isikhathi lapho uthengiswa ungathola i-gladioli, ukumba okuthi ngamahemuhemu asatshalaliswa phakathi kwabalimi, akuphoqelekile. Uma uthenga i-gladioli enjalo, ukuyigcina kanjani nokuthi uyikhipha nini, ngeke kube yinkinga. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona njalo njalo.

Izinhlobo ezincane ezinezimbali ezincane zivame ukubhekwa njengobusika-Hardy. Lokhu kungumbono oyiphutha. Zonke izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ze-gladioli azibekezeleli ubusika baseRussia ezweni.

Izinhlobo ezithile ze-gladioli kuphela ezingamelana neqhwa. Akukho okuthengiswayo.

Izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa ze-gladioli:

1. Ithayela (Gladíolus im-bricatus). Esimweni sezulu esipholile saseRussia iyakwazi ukutshalwa ngaphandle kokumba;
2. Ukuhlwanyela (Gladíolus segetum);
3. Okuvamile (Gladíolus communis);
4. I-Byzantine (Gladíolus byzantinus).

Gladíolus im-bricatus

Ngokuqondene nezintathu zokugcina, noma zingezinhlobo ezilukhuni, ezimweni zaseRussia asikho isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela kwazo ebusika ngaphandle kokumba.

Ukulungiswa kwesitoreji

Ngemuva kokuvuna i-gladioli ekwindla futhi icubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa, isitoreji esifanele sizoqinisekisa ukuhluma kwaso kwentwasahlobo ngempumelelo. Imisebenzi yokulungiselela yenziwa kusengaphambili.

Ukomisa nokuhlanza nezilimo eziyizigaxa

Ukomisa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Ama-Tubers abekwa izinsuku ezingama-7 kuya kwele-12 endaweni efudumele kahle endaweni yokushisa engu-23- 28 ° C. Zonke izinsuku izikhathi ezi-2 ziguqelwa ukomiswa komfaniswano. Le yinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho impilo yezitshalo nokuhluma kwe-bulb kuncike khona. Izinhlobo zokugula nezonakalisiwe ziyalahlwa, ezishiswa ngokushesha;
2. Esigabeni esilandelayo, izinga lokushisa ligcina ku-18-20 ° C, ngakho-ke ama-tubers asekhulile inyanga.

Ama-bulbs ahlukile we-gladioli

Sengiphetha, ama-corms abunjiwe, kepha amafulethi angaphandle, afanelekile awasuswa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Ngemuva kwalokho ama-corms ahlelwa. Izingane zifakwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha. U-anyanisi omkhulu ufakwa ezitsheni zekhadibhodi, kungcono ngaphandle kokuxhumana. Ungase futhi uhlele ngokubeka ama-corms amakhulu naphakathi emabhokisini ahlukene. Uma kubekwa ungqimba lwesibili, emva kokuhlelwa kokuhlelwa kwezindaba. Ukuthuluza ngomlotha kanye nokufaka ebhokisini lamakheli wegalikhi ehlutshiwe kuvunyelwe.

Izindlela zokugcina ama-bulbs ekhaya

Lapho ama-corms elungiselelwe, khona-ke udinga ukunquma ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani i-gladioli ebusika. Kunezindlela eziningana zokugcina u-anyanisi ngaphambi kokutshala entwasahlobo.

Izimo ezifanele zokugcina i-gladioli:

• lokushisa - 3-6 ° C;
• umswakama womoya - ngaphakathi kwe-65-80%;
• ukuntuleka kokukhanya.

Lapho umswakama uphansi, ama-corms angoma ngokweqile ngentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, basuke ofakwe ngaphambi kokufika.

Ngabe isibani sigcinwa isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuhlinzeka ngemingcele efanelekile, ama-tubers agcinwa ngokuthula kuze kube sekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi angaqamba amanga komunye unyaka. Kepha izitshalo ezinempilo kakhulu zizokhula kuzo uma zigcinwa isizini eyodwa kuphela ebusika.

Emhlabathini

Indlela ayilungele izindawo ezibandayo zesimo sezulu, yamukeleka kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu.

Ngaphambi kokugcina ama-gladioli emhlabathini, kufanele ukhethe isiza okungafanele sikhukhulwe, nalapho umhlabathi unesakhiwo esisele khona.

Emhlabathini, kufakwa imgodi engu-0.7x0.8 m, amathangi anezinhlamvu ezilungisiwe, afafazwe ngokhuni lwenkuni noma ngesihlabathi okungafanele ukuthi kube yimvula afakwa lapho. Gcwalisa iziqukathi ngamaqabunga owomile noma ngotshani, zimboza ngefilimu ye-polyethylene bese ugcwalisa ngenhlabathi.

Izikhwama noma amasheya

Uma indlu inegumbi elimnyama elipholile, kufanelekile ukugcina ama-bulbs esitokisini sokwenza. Ngakho-ke bazohlinzekwa ukufinyelela komoya ovulekile. Amasheya agcwele amashubhu aboshwe futhi avikelekile odongeni.

Corms esitokisini

Kuvulandi

I-loggia evaliwe noma i-kuvulandi yindawo efanelekile yokugcina amashubhu. Okwamanje, ngesimo sezulu seqhwa, ukufudumala kubalulekile. Kulokhu, iziqukathi ezine-gladioli zisongelwe ezingubeni.

Esitezi esingaphansi komhlaba noma esisele

Egumbini elingaphansi noma esiseleni, kunezimo ezinhle zokugcina ama-corms, kepha kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho ethile:

• ungafaki ama-bulbs eduze nemifino nezithelo, ngoba umswakama lapho ungaba ngokweqile;
• amakhabethe afakwa emashalofini noma emahholweni ukuqinisekisa umoya omncane;
• isisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba noma isela elingaphansi komhlaba akufanele libe manzi kakhulu, kungcono uma kufakwa umoya omncane lapho.

Ama-Gladiolus bulbs kwisitoreji

Esiqandisini

Le ndlela, ungayigcina kanjani i-gladiolus ekhaya ebusika, ilungile lapho singekho isikhala esinezici ezifanele. Uma kunenani elincane lama-bulbs, ngalinye lifakwa ephepheni bese lifakwa esikhwameni sendwangu. Indawo yokubeka enhle kakhulu ikude nefriji.

Ukugcinwa kwamababu esiqandisini

Ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni

E-gladioli, izifo kungenzeka, futhi zivame ukuhlaselwa izinambuzane eziyingozi. Amagciwane nesikhunta angatholakala enhlabathini, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-thrips ahlala esitshalweni ehlobo, ahamba ngamabhuleki ebusika. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kudingekile ukucubungula ama-tubers ngaphambi kokuwagcina.

Ukuqothuka kwe-Autumn kwe-buladi ye-gladioli

Ukubulala amagciwane ku-Autumn kuqukethe ukufaka ama-bulbs kwisisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate, esingathathelwa indawo ukwelashwa nge-fung fung.

Ukugcotshwa kwe-gladioli ku-potanganum permanganate

Ukufeza i-prophylaxis yokulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, ngemuva kwama-potassium permanganate noma isikhunta, ungagcobhoza ama-bulbs kusixazululo se-malathion noma esinye isinambuzane.

Umonakalo wezinambuzane ngenkathi ugcina

Izifo eziphambili ezakha ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-gladioli zihambisana nokubola kwama-corms. Cishe wonke ama-pathogens amelana nokushisa okuphansi, kepha azizwa elungile ikakhulu kumswakama ophezulu.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka, lapho kususwa izibonakaliso ezibolile nezonakalisiwe. Uma azenqatshwa ngesikhathi, ama-corms angomakhelwane asheshe atheleleke ngaleli gciwane. Ukuba khona kwama-clove egalikhi egandayiwe esitsheni esine-gladioli kuzosiza nokulwa nama-microorganisms ayingozi ngenxa yezakhiwo ze-bactericidal. Zidinga ukushintshwa kanye njalo emavikini ama-2-3 amasha.

Ukwembiwa ngesikhathi kanye nokugcinwa kwemithetho yesitoreji okulula kuzovumela entwasahlobo ukutshala ama-bulbs aphilile futhi aqinile. I-gladioli enhle kakhulu izokhula ngaphandle kwabo, okuzoqhakaza izimbali zayo ngokuhlobisa ingadi, futhi ukunqunywe, kuzokwengeza i-charm ingaphakathi lekamelo.