Izinhlobo ze-Apple

Izinhlobo ze-Apple: ihlobo, ekwindla, ebusika

Ngingathanda ukuthola okuthile okungokwesiko futhi okujwayelekile kunesihlahla se-apula engadini, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka! Futhi noma kunjalo, kusho ukuthi siyazi okuningi ngabo?

Mm, mhlawumbe othile uyazi ngempela, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi iningi labafundi bethu lingakwazi, ngaphandle kwemizamo eyengeziwe, ukuhlunga ukuhlukahluka kwezihlahla ze-apula ezimelelwe ezweni lakithi.

Kuthiwani? Ah, ama-apula abhakawa, ama-apula, nama-apula, ngamaconsi amazolo, avele asuka egatsheni?

Maye, angalungile, bangani! Kusukela ngesikhathi abasinika zona izitshalo zabo, izinhlobo ze-apula zingahlukaniswa ekwindla, ebusika nasehlobo. Cabanga ngalokhu ukwahlukana ngokuningiliziwe.

Izinhlobo ze-apula zasehlobo

I-Papirovka (ukugcwala okugcwele)

Incazelo: ezihlukahlukene ezijwayelekile zendabuko. Lezi apula zivuthwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngokuyinhloko, i-paping ikhulile emapulazini asezindaweni ezikude esiseduze namadolobha, ezindlini zezwe. Izihlahla ze-apula ngokwawo ziphakeme ngokuphakama, ekuqaleni kokukhula komqhele ngendlela yazo yephiramidi enkulu, khona-ke isimo sishintsha ku-oval.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinomzimba obukhulu, amahlumela ashicilelwe kakhulu. Umbala wabo (amahlumela) ungabizwa ngokuthi umnqumo omnyama. Amalenti amhlophe ahlakazekile, abe nefomu elide. Amaqabunga aphilile, ubukhulu bawo buphakathi, umbala uwuhlaza-okwesibhakabhaka, umumo u-ovoid, phansi kunamaphesenti amaningi.

Izimbali zinkulu kakhulu, zifana ne-saucer, zihambisana namacembe amhlophe, amaqabunga anombala obomvana. Amacembe avulekile, aphakanyisiwe, avulekile.

Ama-apula akhula ubukhulu obuphakathi, obuningi bomzimba obuningi, ngokuvamile ngezimbambo ezibonakalayo. Izithelo ezinkulu ezivuthiwe zalesi sihlahla zinokubonakala kwe-triangular. Ama-apula aqoshiwe aphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle komgqomo obomvu. Labo abavuthiwe, babe ne-patina emhlophe.

I-peel inomzimba omncane, hhayi embi, enzima. Isithelo sesitshalo, isilinganiso sobude, sitholakala kumngcele omncane. Inyama ye-Papation inethenda, enamanzi ngokwanele, evulekile, emhlophe ngombala, inambitha enomuncu omnandi. Ukweqileka, inyama ye-apula iba yinto encane.

Ama-apula avuthwe ngokushesha - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti asulungele ukudla. Bathi (ama-apula) bathambekele kakhudlwana kokulimala nokuthutha okuphansi. Ukusijabulisa ngokuvuna iPapirovka ingaba iminyaka engama-4-5 emva kokutshala.

Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zamukelekile: ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo, nokuqala okusheshayo kwithuba lokuthela izithelo. Phakathi kokungalungi yizinga eliphansi lokuthutha, ukungabikho kombala obumnyama wama-apula, kanye nokushintshwa kwezikhathi ze-fruiting. Melba

Melba

Incazelo: Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zide kakhulu futhi zibe nomqhele ohlangene. Amagxolo amagatsha anombala obomvu-orange. Ubukhulu obuphakathi kwamahlumela abukashici kakhulu. Amaqabunga avulekile, aphihliwe kancane futhi anesigodi. Izimbali ezinkulu ziyaqhakaza ezivela emahlathini amhlophe namhlophe. Amapetali ahlanganisiwe, pink elula embala.

Izithelo ziphakathi, zibe nesimo esincane esicwebezelekile, esinesigxili kanye nezimbambo ezibuthakathaka. I-peel elula nebushelelezi inokuhlasela okulula kwe-wax. Umbala wezithelo zikaMelba uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu obomvu.

Isiqu esiphezulu, umcibisholo ojulile. Inyama enhle yeqhwa ekhanda ine-flavour enamandla kakhulu, ukunambitheka okumnandi futhi okunomsoco. Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo zingakapheli iminyaka engama-4 emva kokutshala (futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho, emva kweminyaka emihlanu), ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuhle.

Izinzuzo zikaMelba Kungenzeka ukuthi uqambe igama eliphakeme kakhulu, izinga elihle lezithelo nokukhiqiza okwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho konke okungenhla, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zehlobo, uMelba ubekezelela ukuhamba kahle. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo: ukutholakala kobunzima, hhayi ubumnandi obusika obuhle kakhulu, fruiting ngezikhathi ezithile.

Quinty

Incazelo: umqhele omkhulu womuthi, okuncane kakhulu futhi okukhazimulayo. Amagatsha amakhulu aphikisiwe, amagxolo awuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala. Izithelo zivela kolchatok. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, enkulu, abe nesimo somzimba ovundlile, esingaphansi kwe-ovoid. Emaphethelweni wekhasi ngaphandle kwemigomo. Izimbali zinkulu noma ziphakathi, zimhlophe.

Izithelo zikhula phakathi, kepha uma kuvuna, ama-apula avuthwa kakhulu. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyindilinga, kuhlangene-kuhlangene. Umbala wezithelo unamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ovame ukugqama okubomvu noma okubomvu.

Lapho kuvuna, inyama ine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa uma ifika ekuvuthweni ithatha umbala ocolile. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula - amnandi futhi anomuncu, ama-juiciness - anele. Izithelo ezishonile azikwazi ukulala isikhathi eside - zigcinwe cishe izinsuku ezingu-10. Imithi yokuhluma iqala ngokushesha kakhulu futhi inika isivuno esihle - esifundeni se-100-120 kg.

Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ze-Quinty: ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo, ukungena okusheshayo phakathi nonyaka we-fruiting, ukumelana nesomiso, ukushisa, isikhutha se-powdery. Izinkinga zithi: ubusika obunzima obusika obuncane emkhakheni ophakathi, ukutholakala kobunyofu, ukuthutha okuncane kwezithelo kanye nempilo emfushane yethelefu.

Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zakuqala zama-apula.

Izinhlobo ze-apple ze-Autumn

Antonovka

Incazelo: lesi sihlahla sikhula ngokwanele, umqhele unomqondo ophakeme, okwenziwe kancane kancane. Ukuvuthwa kuvela ngemifino, eyinqwaba yamagatsha. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, abe nomumo obol ovoid nomkhawulo we-serrate. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ziyi-saucer-shaped, amacembe alula kancane, ehlangene nomunye.

Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi, ikakhulukazi isimo esifanayo. I-peel ngokuvamile ibushelelezi, umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese kancane kancane uba mphuzi. Blush noma engekho, noma mnene. Isikhumba ku-funnel singaba yimfucumfucu. Inyama iluphuzi, inambitha enomuncu omnandi, enamanzi. Iphunga lezithelo ezivuthiwe lingavamile, lingenakuqhathaniswa.

Igama lokususwa kwesithelo, kaningi, liphakathi kuka-Septhemba. Ama-apula a-Antonovka angagcinwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-90. Ukulimala kuqala emva kweminyaka engama-7-8 emva kokuhluma, kanti isitshalo esigcwele singatholakala eminye iminyaka engu-1-2. Ekuqaleni, kuvuna kuvamile, bese kuba njalo. Ubusika obunzima be-Antonovka buphakeme kakhulu, futhi ezihlukahlukene zihlukaniswa nezifo eziphansi ezithinta izifo.

Izinzuzo ze-Antonovka: isivuno esihle, izinga eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, amathuba okusebenza ezinkambeni ezihlukahlukene. Ukungalungi kungacatshangelwa: impilo emfushane yamashalofu we-apula, ukungahambi kahle kwe-fruiting.

Spartak

Incazelo: Izihlahla ze-Sredneroslye zinomqhele obanzi obukhulu. Ikhono eliphezulu lokuveza. Ukuvuna kungenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo. Ama-brillant, amahlumela aqondile anebala obomvu obomvu kanye ne-pubescence ephakathi. Amaqabunga ayesimo se-oblong-oval shape, abe nokubonakala okuphazamiseke.

Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, cishe u-100-130 g., Zigcwele noma zijikelezile. I-peel ibanzi obukhulu, ebusweni obubushelelezi, obukhanyayo. Umbala uphuzi, kancane kancane uba umbala obomvu obomvu. Inyama ine ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu, umbala wekhilimu, ithenda.

Izithelo zisuswe ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusetshenziswa: ingxenye yesibili kaSeptemba - phakathi noNovemba.

Izinkinga: Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kunciphisa ukunambitha. Ukuvuthwa okusebenzayo kuqala ngeminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokutshala. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ubumnandi obunzima bebusika, isikhumba sokuzivikela, ubuqili.

I-Mackintosh

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo: uhlobo oluxubene lwe-fruiting, umqhele obala, shirokoraskidisty. Izihlahla zivamile. Amaqabunga anemibala ebanzi kakhulu, umbala obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omncane, okushicilela kancane, emaphethelweni weqabunga kancane kancane.

Izithelo ze-Macintosh ziphakathi naphakathi nangokwesilinganiso, ubujamo bubekwe phansi, buthakathaka. Umbala wezithelo ze-Macintosh uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomhlophe-ophuzi. I-peel inokumboza nge-wax. Inyama imhlophe kakhulu, iyinkimbinkimbi, imnandi kakhulu, inambitha enomnandi futhi i-candy flavour.

Basusa ama-apula kulokhu okuhlukahlukene ngokuvamile engxenyeni yesibili ka-Septhemba, futhi alungele ukusetshenziswa emavikini amathathu. Ekamelweni elipholile, isivuno singagcinwa kuze kuFebhuwari. Izihlahla ezincane ziqala ukukhiqiza emva kweminyaka engu-6-7 kuphela. Isivuno sonyaka.

Izinzuzo zezithelo ze-Macintosh yizo: ukunambitheka okumnandi, ukuthuthwa okuhle nokukwazi izithelo ukuzogcina. Ukungalungi: ubunzima obubusika obuncane, ukutholakala okuphezulu kwezifo nokukhwabanisa.

Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngezinhlobo zekwindla yama-apula

Izinhlobo zama-apula asebusika

Pepin Chavrany

Incazelo: Izihlahla ze-Pepin Chevrana zikhula ngobukhulu obuphakathi, nomqhele omningi, okudinga ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo. Indawo yokwakheka kwesitshalo yilapho kukhula khona. Amaqabunga amancane anesimo se-oval nesipu esibukhali esiphezulu esine-matte surface.

Izithelo zikhula phakathi nezincane. Isimo sinobude obuningi, kukhona ukunambitheka okuncane. Faka umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi obomvu obomvu. Inyama iyamanzi, ilukhuni, ine-ukunambitheka kwewayini elimnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi elimnandi.

Izinzuzo: izithelo zivuthwe ebusika futhi zibe nekhono eliphezulu lokuthutha. Emakamelo apholile, isivuno singagcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-220. U-Pepin Chavranny uqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-5-7. Izitshalo zivuthwa njalo ngonyaka. Izinhlangothi ezinhle zikaPepin Chavran - izivuno ezivame ukuvuthwa, ikhono lokuvuselela okuhle, ukuthutha.

Umthengi: izithelo ezitshaliwe ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla, ukuthambekela kokuphazamiseka nokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba.

Igolide ihlupha

Incazelo: I-Golden Delicious: umuthi uyingqayizivele, ekuqaleni unomqhele owenziwe nge-cone, lapho kuqala ukuvuthwa kwe-fruiting kuthatha isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngamagatsha aminyene, eminyakeni edlule, ngokugwedla kakhulu ngaphansi kwesisindo sezitshalo. I-Fruiting inehlobo oluxubekile. Amahlumela angaphakathi obukhulu futhi aphihliwe kancane. Amagatsha anamanzi amaningi anamalenti amakhulu.

Amaqabunga asohlangothini olubanzi, abe nesisekelo esizungezile kanye nendwangu encane ehlangene. Umbala weLeaf uhlaza, ubuso bukhanya futhi bushelelezi. Amahlamvu akhula ngama-petioles ende. Izimbali ziyingayizi ephakathi, ifakwe isoso, imhlophe ngombala nge-pink tinge.

Izithelo ngokuvamile ziphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi zikhulu. Ama-apula anokubukeka okubonakalayo, isikhumba somile, sibi futhi sinesisindo. Umbala wesikhumba uwuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi endaweni evuthiwe. Inyama yezithelo ezivuthiwe kuphela ezincane, ezinomsoco kakhulu, zinomusa omuhle futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngemva kokulala phansi ziba mnandi, ziba lula.

Isivuno kuvame ukuvuna ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, futhi singagcinwa kuze kube phakathi nonyaka. Ukuvuna kuqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu futhi kuvamile, ngezimo zokunakekelwa kahle. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela kahle ubusika, kodwa kungenasisekelo esimweni sesomiso.

Izinzuzo ze-Delicious Golden: izinga okusezingeni izithelo, fruiting zakuqala futhi high, ukumelana isikhumba. Izinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Ukungalungi - isikhathi esingahle sezitshalo, ukuthambekela kokunciphisa nge-powdery isikhutha kanye nokwenza ngesikhathi sokugcina.

Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa nokutshala izihlahla ze-apula

Isikhathi sokuhamba Lezi zihlahla zingakhethwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kulokhu, kungcono ukukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe, njengoba izihlahla ze-apula zifuna ukukhanya. Uma uhlwanyela umuthi omncane, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi izindawo eziphansi kanye nokugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanelekele injongo yethu.

Futhi, inhlabathi e-acidic ne-alkaline ngeke isebenze, futhi izihlahla ze-apula zizobe zizwakala kahle kuzo zonke izinhlanzi ehlathini, i-chernozem ne-sod podzolic.

Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula udinga ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala, engeza umanyolo owenziwe emhlabathini. Umgodi wokufika kufanele kube njalo ukuthi uhlelo lwempande aluzwa lukhuni. Gcwalisa umhlabathi ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.

Umsila umsila Izihlahla kufanele zikhishwe emhlabathini u-4-5 cm. Kungcono ukugcoba umhlaba ngezandla zakho ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuhle kwezimpande nomhlabathi. Emva kokutshala, ama-3-4 amabhakede amanzi kufanele athulwe ngaphansi kwesithombo.

Ngokutshala ngokuvamile ukhetha izithombo ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala, okuphakama kwawo okungama-60-70 cm, okungenani amahlumela ama-50 cm. Kodwa, ngokungavamile, kungcono ukuthola izithombo zaminyaka yonke ezijwayele ukubhuka ngokushesha emva kokutshala, uma zitshalwe entwasahlobo, noma entwasahlobo ezayo, emva kokutshala ekwindla.

Uma uhlelo lwempande lonakalisiwe, kufanele lugwetshwe bese lushiya kuphela izicubu ezinempilo. Ukuze ugweme ukomisa izimpande, kufanele zifakwe emgodini webumba ohlanganiswe nobumba ne-mullein.

Maphakathi nomgodi wabeka isikhonkwane, esizoqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesithombo. I-bottom ehlanganiswe ngxube ye-humus, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Ngemuva kokunisela, izwe elizungeze isithombo lihlanganiswa ne-humus ne-sawdust.

Ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokwehlisa umqhele. Ukuze uthole izihlahla ezinobungozi obuthakathaka, ukunciphisa kwenziwa. Njalo ngonyaka, abalimi benza izihlahla ezinemininingwane ejulile ukusekela izinqubo zokukhula.

Izihlahla eziguga ukuguga ubambe, uma kuncipha ekukhuleni komnyaka ka-30-40 cm. Ukudubula kuncike emagatsheni amade, kodwa kunakekelwa ukuthi amagatsha aphezulu awakude kunezansi. Amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele nawo angaphansi kokunciphisa ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa.

Ukuzivikela kokuqala ebanjwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngegremu yamagremu angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye we-urea nama-alitha ayishumi amanzi, kodwa kudingeka uqaphele futhi wenze le nqubo kuze kuvele izinso, ukuze ugweme ukushisa. Ukunciphisa izinambuzane ezifudukayo, kanye ngenyanga sebenzisa amalungiselelo e-biological for spraying.

Ukwandisa izindawo zokuzivikela ngenxa yezifo nokungenwa okuncane kwezimo zezulu, izihlahla ze-apula kufanele zifakwe nge-Ecoberin noma i-Zircon. Ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwesikhumba, ama-apple kufanele ahlungwe nge-fungicides. Ukunakwa okukhulu kunakho konke okufanele kukhokhwe izifo ze-cortex, ngoba zingabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa.