Ngokwanda, ikhofi ye-Arabica - isitshalo somuzi sihlobisa ingaphakathi lendlu. Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi umdwebi wezimbali onokuhlangenwe nakho angakhula okungajwayelekile. Uma ikhofi ye-Arabica itshalwe njengesitshalo sasendlini, ukunakekelwa akupheli ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Umuthi uzothokozisa isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni embalwa emva kokutshala, akukubi ukubekezela.
Incazelo Yekhaya Khofi
ICoffa Arabica yisihlahla sekhofi noma isihlahla esidala esingowomndeni wakwaMarenova. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ezwenikazi lase-Asia nase-Afrika, yonke indawo lapho bekhulisa khona ikhofi ekhaya.
Isihlahla sekofi - umhlobiso wanoma iyiphi ingaphakathi
Ukuphakama kwesiko kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Isihlahla sinomqhele obukhulu obukhulu, amaqabunga ombala oluhlaza ogqamile, ophakeme. Ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga ekhofi kuphambene neziqu ezihlotshiswe kancane. Ipuleti leshidi licwebezelwe, linemithambo ecacile. Izimpande zesitshalo sama-arabia zigqinsiwe. Izimpande maphakathi.
Izithelo nezimbali zinomphumela ongajwayelekile wokuhlobisa. Izimbali zesihlahla zifana nezinkanyezi ezinjengejasmine ezinamaphara amhlophe nephunga elithandekayo. Aqoqwe ngamabhulashi ama-3-6 pcs. Ukuchithwa kwe-efihlekile kuwela entwasahlobo. Ikhofi iyaphela ngokushesha, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-1 noma ezi-2.
Isihlahla sekofi sase-Arabhiya
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6, kwakheka izithelo endaweni yama-inflorescence, afana nama-cherries abomvu obomvu. Lapho sesivuthiwe, iba mnyama, ithola umbala omnyama. Kunezinhlayiya ezi-2 zekhofi ku-cherry.
Izinhlobo Izinhlobo Zekhofi Zekhofi
I-Arabica
Amagquma anamatshe, izintaba zentaba-mlilo, izintaba eziphakemeyo zithandwa kakhulu yisihlahla sekhofi sase-Arabia. Kufika ku-5 kg of okusanhlamvu ngonyaka okususwa kumuntu omdala, okulinganiselwa ku-1 kg wezithelo. Isitshalo sekhofi ekhishini sizizwa sinamandla amakhulu: yakha isihlahla kuze kufike ku-1.5 m ukuphakama noma sikhule isihlahla.
Ukudala ukunethezeka nokunakekelwa okunekhono kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola amagremu angama-500 wezithelo ezivela kusiko lomuntu omdala. Isitshalo sekhofi asiyona enkulu kunazo zonke, kepha lokhu akuyona injongo eyinhloko yesitshalo se-Arabica.
I-Arabian Dwarf Coffee Albert
Idumile phakathi kwabaqambi bezingadi, i-Albert iyinhlobonhlobo emfushane etshalwa ngaphakathi ezindlini. Isitshalo esihle kakhulu sihlahla esihlala sifinyelela kubude obuyi-3-5 m. Uma singaphuli imithetho yesondlo, siqhakaza kabili ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Robusta
Umuthi ongenambulelo watholakala eCongo Basin ngekhulu le-18. Izici ezihlukile zesiko:
- imelana nokushisa ngokweqile;
- likhula emhlabathini onamachaphazelo;
- kuletha isivuno esinokugcwala.
Kodwa-ke, iRobusta yayisakazeka kabanzi ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokugcina ama-Arabica eSri Lanka ngokugqwala kwephepha engxenyeni yesi-2 yekhulu le-19. Ukuvela kwamahlathi aqine kakhulu aqala ngo-1900 futhi kuhlotshaniswa nesiqhingi saseJava.
URobustus uhunyushwa kusuka esiLatinini njengasendle, eqinile, eqinile. Kubhekwa njengamandla emvelo angcono kakhulu, kepha aphansi ngokunambitheka ku-Arabica.
Umuthi wekhofi awuphakama, ufana nes shrub 2-3 m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga e-pubescent aluhlaza sathela, anemifudlana. Izimbali zekhofi elimnandi zinombala omhlophe.
Blooms Robusta
Ukuvuthwa okusanhlamvu kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyi-9-11, umuthi onamamitha amahlanu unika ama-1.5 kg wesilimo esimnandi ngesizini.
ILibhiya
Uma ukhetha ikhofi ekhaya, ukukhulisa iLibya kuyinto inketho ezinhle. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziyahlukahluka ngokubukeka: umthunzi obomvu noma osawolintshi. Ubude be-foliage buyi-40 cm. Ukuthena kusiza ukulungisa ukulungisa ukuphakama nokwakha umqhele.
Isihlahla saseLibhiya
Ama-inflorescence anombala omhlophe, izithelo ezibomvu-zibomvu zinembewu enkulu.
I-Excelsa
I-Excelsu ibilokhu ibhekwe kusukela ngo-2006 njengezinhlobonhlobo zeLibya. Endle, umuthi ukhula ube ngamamitha angama-20. Emasimini, izihlahla zenzelwe ukuba ngu-1.5 m ukuze kube lula kwabathengi bekofi.
Amashidi amahle kakhulu anemiphetho eqondile. Zincane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa neLibhiya, kepha ziqinile kuneRobusta. Izimbali ezinkulu zesitshalo zinephunga elimnandi.
Inothi. Ubhontshisi we-Excelsi unephunga elingajwayelekile: u-saturated, izithelo ezingaphezulu. Ukunambitheka okuthambile, okubabayo okuncane kunokweLib America. Okuqukethwe yi-caffeine okuyisilinganiso esincane ngu-0.7-1,5%. Izinhlobo ezitholakalayo ezingafaki i-caffeine futhi ezingadingi i-decaffeination eyengeziwe.
Izici ezinhle zesihlahla esifunayo zifaka ukuthambekela okuphansi kwezilokazane nezifo.
Udlula isihlahla sekofi
Isitshalo sivame ukusetshenziswa njengento yokugoma ezinye izinhlobo ukukhulisa amandla.
Khula izithombo zekhofi
Okudingayo kokwehla
Khulisa isihlahla sekofi enhlabathini ekhethekile. Ithengwa esitolo noma ilungiswe yodwa. Izakhi ezilandelayo zizodingeka:
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- Peat;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- umquba obolile
Amalahle ahlanganiswe ne-gross moss. Izinga le-pH le-substrate liyi-5.0-5.5. Lapho ufafaza, amaconsi ambalwa kaviniga angangezwa emanzini.
Isiko elincane kuzofanele litshalwe kabusha ngonyaka olandelayo, umuntu omdala ngeminyaka emi-3. Okulandelayo, shintsha ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kufanele kube acidic, evundile, ukukhanya ukukhanya. Inesibopho sokuthola amandla wohlelo lwezimpande futhi ivimbele ukuqina kwamanzi.
Indawo enhle
Ilungele ukubeka amafasitela esihlahla sekofi ohlangothini olusentshonalanga nasempumalanga yendlu. Ngenkathi yehlobo, isiko lilethwa kuvulandi, elivikelwe emoyeni nasemvuleni, kanye naselangeni elivuthayo.
Kubalulekile ukunquma indawo yesitshalo
Izinguquko ezivame ukwenziwa endaweni ezithinta kabi izithelo azamukelekile. Uma ufuna ukuthola okusanhlamvu, umuthi awuthintwa. Ukunikeza ukuvumelanisa umqhele wekhofi kuvusa ukulahleka kwezitshalo.
Ukunaka! Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuzothinta kabi ukukhula kweplanethi.
Lapho amacebo ehambisa imbali kwenye ifasitela, lapho kunokukhanya okuningi, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Isihlahla sigoqwe nge-gauze.
- UShelter ushiywe amasonto ama-2-4, ukuze isiko lijwayele imvelo entsha nokukhanya.
- Ukungabikho kokusha ngemuva kokususa ikhava le-gauze kubonisa ukuvunyelwa kwendawo entsha.
Ikhofi libhekisela ezitshalweni ezikhetha ukuba yodwa futhi ezingazithandi izitshalo endaweni. Okokuhlwanyelwa kwesokudla nje i-sill ehlukile.
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe
Ukukhethwa kwembiza kunqunywa impande ephakathi yesihlahla sekofi. Ubukhulu besiqukathi budlula i-seedling okungenani ngama-30% ukuze isitshalo sithole izinto eziwusizo ngamanani anele.
Ukukhetha okulungile kwembiza - ukukhula okukhulu kwekofi
Ukuvimbela ukumiswa komswakama, kudonsa amanzi kahle. Ubumba olwandisiwe noma isitini esaphukile sibekwa ezansi komkhumbi.
Lapho isitshalo sitshalwa, into esemqoka ukungaphazamisi izimpande, ukufeza i-coma transshipment, engeza umhlabathi we-lateral nangaphezulu, uhlanganiswe kancane.
Ukuzalaniswa kwekofi
Izimbumbulu
Ngokuzala ikofi, sebenzisa ama-cutways. Izici ezihlukile zendlela:
- ukusikwa kwe-10-15 cm ukusikwa kwenziwa ngokungacabangi kusuka kusiko labadala;
- kukhona ama-2 amakhodi kuhlu lomsebenzi;
- ibanga eliya kwimbali ephansi engu-2 cm;
- amashidi kokuqukethwe okulungiselelwe ancishiswa ngesigamu ukuze kugwemeke ukulahleka komswakama.
Ungayilungiselela kanjani kahle ikhekhe elisikiwe
Ukuze uthole amahlumela uzodinga inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enempilo efaka i-peat ne-granular river sand. Kuyasiza ukukhipha ingxube kuhhavini ukuqeda ama-microorganisms ayingozi. Isiqu ngasinye sijule emhlabathini ngo-1-1,5 cm, sigxunyekwe nomhlaba kancane, siniselwe futhi simbozwe ngebhodlela lepulasitiki ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa emhlabeni. Izinga lokushisa kule abamba ukushisa liyi + 25 ... + 27ºC.
I-mini-greenhouse idinga ukungena komoya okujwayelekile kanye ne-hydration. Ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo kuthatha amasonto amane kuya kwayi-5. Ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha kusiko kukhombisa ukubamba kwezithombo. Lapho amaqabunga ama-3-4 ekhula, ikofi idluliselwa esitsheni enengxube ejwayelekile yenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Uma ikhofi isakazwa ngokusikwa, isithombo siqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala. Ukususwa kwezimbali kuzodingeka ngenxa yokuba buthaka kwesihlahla, okuvimbela ukukhula okuhle komqhele.
Kusuka kuthambo
Ikhofi ikhuliswa ngosizo lwamabhontjisi asuswa esihlahleni esithelayo noma ayalelwe kwi-Intanethi. Izithelo eziphuma esihlahleni zibonakaliswa ukuhluma okukhulu. Impilo yamashalofu yembewu ikhawulelwe unyaka.
Igobolondo eliminyene lembewu lifaka amandla ukuhluma. Ukusheshisa ukubukeka kwamahlumela, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- beka imbewu amahora angama-24 kwisisombululo seviniga esibuthakathaka;
- usike isikhumba kancane ngommese obukhali phakathi nobude;
- isando okusanhlamvu ukwehla ikhasi.
Ngemuva kokukhwabanisa, imbewu ibekwa kuyi-biostimulant isebenzisa iHeteroauxin, Kornevin, Ribav-Ekstra, Roots.
Kutshalwe endishini encane, egcwaliswa nge-substrate yezakhi. Izinhlamvu zingcwatshwa ngohlangothi oluyisicaba lwama-1.5 cm. Inhlabathi iyanyiswa futhi imbozwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi.
Ukuphinda kuzalwe
Isitsha esinezithombo sibekwa endaweni ekhanyayo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungawa khona. Basekela umswakama wenhlabathi nokushisa +25 ° С. Khumbula ukukhipha umoya nsuku zonke. Ngokulandela ukuthotyelwa, balindela ukuhluma kwezinhlumela ngemuva kwenyanga.
Ukwenziwa kwamaqabunga okuqala kukhombisa isidingo sokufakelwa. Ukukhetha kwenziwa ngezimbali ezincane kodwa ezijulile zezimbali, ububanzi bawo okungamasentimitha ayi-7. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyafana. Ngokukhula nokuqiniswa kohlelo lwezimpande, izitshalo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amasha ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10.
Ukunakekela Isihlahla Sekhofi Sabadala
Imodi yokunisela
Lapho kukhula i-arabica ikhofi yendlu, ukunakekelwa kufaka ukuthambisa okulungile. Lesi sitshalo sikhetha ukuthambisa lapho siqhakaza izimbali nezithelo:
- Akuvunyelwe ukunisela isithombo ngamanzi empompo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ihlale izinsuku ezimbili.
- Isiko alithandi uthango.
- Ukuhunyushwa kwe-substrate esethangi kwenziwa nge-ketshezi ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ngaphezulu ngo-2-3 ° C nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
- Izinsalela ezivela epanini ngokuqinisekile zizosuswa ngemuva kokunisela.
Umuthi wekhofi egumbini ongawuthanda uma ufafazwa nsuku zonke ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukunaka! Ukukhazimula kwamaphethelo amaqabunga ekhofi kukhombisa umoya owomile egumbini.
Ngokwesiko lasebusika, inqubo ayidingeki. Ngothuli olunamandla, sula amaqabunga ngesiponsi esimanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umsoco wezimbiwa unomphumela omuhle esizitshalweni. Kwethulwa ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo futhi kwaqhubeka kuze kuqedwe ukwenziwa izithelo. Yondla kabili ngenyanga ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Ukondla kwenziwa ngokuqedwa kwe-saltpeter (5 g) nosawoti we-potassium (3 g) 1 litre lamanzi. Umthamo owodwa wesiko labantu abadala imbiza yelitha. Ukuhlelwa kwamanyolo wezimbiwa nge-organic udaba (umquba) kungenzeka.
Umanyolo zezihlahla zekhofi
Isikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha - isikhuthazi sokukhula kwesihlahla nokuqina kokuqina. Kuzothatha ukunqunywa njalo kwamahlumela aseceleni.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Uma ulungiselela imbali ebusika, izinqubo zokukhathalela zifaka:
- Indawo yesihlahla sekofi isohlangothini oluseningizimu. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lekamelo liyi-+15 ° C.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu we-fluorescent ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezibandayo.
- Kunciphile ukunisela ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ungavumeli inhlama yodongwe cox ngokuphelele.
- Ukuqedwa kokondla kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi.
Uma lesi sitshalo sinakekelwa kahle, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, i-arabica eyenzelwe ekhaya izobonga ihostela ngezithelo ezimnandi futhi izokuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukunambitheka kwekhofi yangempela.
