I-Rhododendron: kuyini, kuqhuma malini ngesikhathi

Rhododendron, ukuthi lo ngumbuzo wokuqala wabatshali bezimbali abasha abaqala nje ukuzalanisa izitshalo ezingafani naluhlu lwembali. Igama elithi Rhododendron lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini ngokuthi "rosewood." Lesi sitshalo singokwaluphi uhlobo lwezihlahla eziqhakaza izimbali, umndeni wakwaVereskov. Hlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezihlala ziluhlaza noma eziqabile. Ngokusho kwencazelo, lesi isihlahla esincane esinezimbali eside, esingafani ngokubukeka nje kuphela, kodwa nesimo saso esimnandi maqondana nokuzalela nokutshala.

Umlando weSitshalo saseRhododendron Engadini

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izinhlobo zokuqala zale mbali zangeniswa eRussia, okwathi kamuva “zaba nezimpande” ezingadini zasebusika zesigaba sobushiqela. Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zafuzwa, phakathi kwazo i-Uralsky yayithandwa kakhulu.

Ukubuka konke kweRhododendron

Esikhathini esivela emicimbini yezinguquko kuze kube ngeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, abalimi abaningi abaze bacabange ukuthi iyini i-Rhododendron. Esikhathini sempi yangemva kokuphela kwempi, izihlahla ezithandekayo noma izihlahlana zaqala ukuvela emibhedeni yezimbali nasezinsikeni, okwadonsela ukunaka kwabathandi bezimbali. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo saba kabanzi. Izinhlobo zokuqhakaza ziyaqala ukuvela emakhaya, ezingadini nakuma-verandas.

Ukubukwa kwengadi kwe-rhododendron

Lapho i-Rhododendron ivame khona

I-Rhododendron isitshalo esimnandi, uma ukhula isihlahla ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezemvelo ngaso, cishe ngeke sikhule. Ukunciphisa izinkinga, kuyadingeka ukuphinda izimo zokukhula kwemvelo ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Rhododendron yasendle ingatholakala eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ekude, eCaucasus, e-Ukraine. Ezinye izinhlobo zingatholakala kwamanye amazwe eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ngakho-ke, ubuzwe obuqondile besitshalo abunqunywa ngokuqondile.

"Isihlahla sasendle esiphuzi" sasendle

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo

I-Rhododendron isihlahla esikhulu esiqhakaza kakhulu somndeni wakwaVereskov, njengeLedum, kepha hhayi eziningi zezinhlobo zawo ezidumile ikakhulukazi. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu:

• IsiJapan
• Schlippenbach;
• Izintaba.
• Treelike;
• ISikhotinsky;
• Bukhan;
• Okuphuzi.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo

Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kunezinketho zasekamelweni nasengadini. Ilungu ngalinye lomndeni linezici zalo ezihlukile zangaphandle.

Rhododendron, zingakhi izimbali ngesikhathi

Ngaphambi kokutshala into enjalo engadini, kufanele wazi ukuthi angakanani ama-rhododendron blooms nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani. Uhlobo ngalunye lunesikhathi salo sezimbali. Kepha kunenhlaka ejwayelekile noma engaphansi.

Izici zezimbali:

• Lapho ihlumela livuleka, kukhipha iphunga elimnandi.
• Isikhathi sezimbali singamaviki angama-2-3.
• Isihlahla siqhakaza entwasahlobo.
• Ama-Bluebell angaba nobubanzi be-4 cm kuya ku-8 cm.
• Inombolo ye-inflorescences isuka kumakhophi amathathu kuya kwayi-10.

Ukuhluka kwalesi sitshalo kulele ngokuqondile ngezimbali.

Imibala enjani i-rhododendrons

Lesi sitshalo sinephalethi ebanzi kakhulu. I-inflorescences ingaba yimithunzi enjalo:

• bomvu;
• ophuzi;
• opinki;
• owolintshi.

I-Rhododendron, okuqhakaza kwayo okuhlukile ngokwayo, kusakhanga, ngoba izithunzi zama-buds azifani.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ososayensi benze izifundo lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezingxenye zezinto eziphilayo zesitshalo. Kuhlanganiswe amakhompiyutha ayi-11 ahlobene ne-terpenoid ne-phenolic compounds.

Okuchazwe kakhulu yile:

• inqubo;
• i-quercetin;
• n-ringenin;
• i-arbutin;
• I-R-sitosterol.

Izimbali Ezomile EziseRhododendron Zokusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha

Izinhlanganisela ezisele zitholakala ekugxilweni okuphansi.

Unobuthi noma cha

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okucebile kuphakamisa umbuzo owodwa: ingabe i-Rhododendron inobuthi noma cha? Imithi eminingi isebenzisa izakhi zezitshalo ngezilinganiso ezithile. Izici zokwelapha zesihlahla bezaziwa isikhathi eside futhi zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, kepha izinto ezinjengama-tannins, i-arbutin, i-rutin ne-glycoside enobuthi (andromedotoxin) zikhona emagqeni.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Rhododendron

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukahluka kukhulu. Amaqabunga eRhododendron, anjengezimbali, ahlukahlukene. Lokhuhlukaniswa kungenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo, phakathi kwazo ezidumile kakhulu:

• Adams. Shrub ngokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Ama-buds anephunga elishiwoyo nombala opinki obomvana. Amagqabi angamelana namaqhwa amabi, ngoba i-patina iminyene kakhulu. Ikhula emithambekeni enamadwala nasemigodini.
• I-Saint Merrin. Isihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga amancane e-emerald namahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukumelana neqhwa. Kungcono ukutshala okunjalo kuma-slide amatshe engadini. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kepha ayinawo iphunga, ngoba iyi-hybrid.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene zeRodndrons

• Isikhathi. Isigcini esinjalo sathola igama laso ngenxa yomcamelo obukhulu, owakhiwa ngamahlamvu nezimbali. Ikhula futhi ikhula isikhathi eside kakhulu. Amaqabunga grey, futhi efihlekile aqhakazile ngomhlanga omncane we-terry. Uthanda ukukhanya okugqamile futhi uzizwa emuhle ngokukhethekile emithambekeni edwala.
• -Ngathi Sihlahla. Isihlahla saso sinaso isiqu esifana nesihlahla esifana nezihlahla ze-bonsai esesimweni. Ama-buds makhulu futhi ngokuvamile apendwe amhlophe noma ukhilimu. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinhlobo eziningana, kepha zimbalwa kakhulu ezithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokutshala okungabekezeleleki noma ukubukeka okumangazayo.

Ukuhlobisa

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yimuphi unyaka ama-bloododendron blooms ngemuva kokutshala ukuze uwuthele endaweni efanele. Isihlahla asiqhakaze isikhathi eside, kepha sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukuhlanganisa nezinye izitshalo ezinde.

Kuhle ukukhulisa isihlahla esinezimbali eduze kwesampuli eziqhakaza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ngisho nokuvela kwesihlahlana esingaqhakaza izimbali kudonsela ukunaka ngobuhle baso namahlamvu akhanyayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Rhododendron, ukuphakama kwayo kwezinye izimo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2, ayiphazamisi abanye "abahlali" besembali yezimbali.

I-Rhododendron ekubonakaleni komhlaba

Ukubukeka okuhle kwengadi ngaphandle kwe- "pink bush" kumane kungenzeki. Isibonelo esinjalo sibukeka sihle ngokuhambisana nesizinda sokuluhlaza okucwebezelayo kwanoma yisiphi esinye isihlahla noma ezinye izitshalo eziphakeme.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ekuhlaseleni komhlaba

Isimo esengeziwe ukwethulwa komklamo we-flowerbed lapho kukhula khona imbali, itshe lemvelo noma uthango lwewicker. Uhlanganisa kahle isiko nama-conifers nezihlahlana.

Ngabe yiziphi izifo ezelapheka i-Rhododendron?

I-Shrub inezakhiwo eziningi eziwusizo. Izindlela ezisuselwa ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni zingasetshenziswa ukudambisa ukuvuvukala, ukushisa komzimba okuphansi. Lesi sitshalo sidambisa izinhlungu, sibulala amagciwane we-pathogenic.

Izici zokupholisa zesitshalo:

• Iphelisa izinkinga zokugaya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni i-colitis engamahlalakhona.
• Amathiphu kanye ne-infusions asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-bronchitis, i-tonsillitis kanye ne-pneumonia.
• Amaconsi akhipha izitshalo afanelekile ekubuyiselweni kwesilinganiso senhliziyo nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi.

Tea kusuka esitshalweni ukwelapha izifo eziningi

Isihlahla esiwusizo futhi esisebenziseka ngokuhlukahluka asisho ukubukeka okukhangayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezindawo zokwelapha.

Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-Rhododendron kusuka embewini ekhaya

I-Rhododendron, imbewu yayo eyavunwa ekwindla, ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli. Ngokwesisekelo, i-sphagnum peat nomhlaba we-coniffort kusetshenziswa ngokulingana. Okokuqala udinga ukuthambisa inhlabathi bese ubeka izinto zokutshala ebusweni, awudingi ukufafaza ngomhlaba. Kuyalulekwa ukuqinisa isitsha ngefilimu, nokwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.

Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-Rhododendron kusuka imbewu enezithombo eziphezulu zokuhluma:

1. Khetha okungenani imbewu eyi-100.
2. Spread material yokutshala ku-gauze emanzi.
3. Zonke izinsuku fafaza "emasimini".
4. Lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala, adinga ukususwa kusuka ku-gauze ayiswa emhlabathini.

Bush ekhula

Lapho izithombo ze-Rhododendron zithola amaqabunga agcwele, khona-ke ukuhlolwa "kwezitshalo".

Ngabe i-Rhododendron ikhula isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile

Maphakathi nenyanga noma ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, ukukha kanye nokutshala amahlumela kuyenziwa. Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile.

Ijusi kusuka ku-petals ye-Rhododendron daursky

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zesitshalo zihlukahlukene kakhulu, kepha izinhlobonhlobo zeDaurian zithathwa njengezasetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Ikhula eSiberia futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ama-shamans endawo. Isihlahla sinobude obungu-2 m futhi sinamachashaza amaqabunga amancane. Kuvela kubo ukuthi kutholakala ujusi, onalezi zindawo zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ithoba uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa.
• Kwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Kuholela ekufeni kwamagciwane we-pathogenic emzimbeni womuntu.

Ibanga le-Daurian le-Rhododendron

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijusi ingaba yingxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zemithi elapha uhudo, ithuthukise ukuphuma kwe-bile.

I-Rhododendron iwuphawu lwesisa, ubuhle nothando. Kusetshenziswa isihlahla esiphethe isiqu somuthi nezimbali ezinamakha. Ngisho nezinhlobo eziphansi azikwazi ukubizwa ngotshani, ngoba ingxenye yezindiza iyamangaza ngobukhulu bayo. Ungakhula isihlahla esiqhakaza kusuka embewini usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obulula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa abantu kanye nomuthi osemthethweni.