I-Calendula (marigolds) iyisitshalo se-herbaceous saminyaka yonke emndenini wakwa-Aster. Izimbali ze-Calendula ziyinto eluhlaza yokwelapha, udayi wemvelo, ngezinye izikhathi osetshenziswa njengokufakelwa indawo esikhundleni sefroni. Abafuyi bafuya amafomu amakhulu agqamile futhi a-terry anolimi ophuzi, omhlophe, owolintshi kanye no-orange. Ake sibheke ngemininingwane eminingi ukuthi luyini utshani be-calendula, buyikhulisa kanjani, ukuqoqa futhi busebenzise kahle impilo nempilo ende.
Imbali yeCalendula: incazelo
I-Calendula iyimbali ejwayelekile endaweni efudumele kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ukuhlobisa, kungatshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali, ama-arabesques, ama-mixburb futhi kusetshenziswe njengesiko lobumba nesiko langaphakathi. Iphunga eliyingqayizivele eliqhamuka ngeziqu nezimbali ziyathambisa futhi liphumule.
Isakhiwo sezimbali zeCalendula
Indawo yangempela yotshani ayikhonjwanga. Amathanga wemvelo ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene atholakala entshonalanga Yurophu, ogwini lweMedithera nasentshonalanga eseningizimu ye-Asia. Kunezinhlobo zonyaka ze-calendula.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zingotshani kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-70 cm ukuphakama.Uma umhlabathi lapho lesi sitshalo sitholakala khona ucebile ezintweni eziphilayo, khona lapho izihlahla ziqhakaza kakhulu futhi zingafinyelela ububanzi obungu-70-80 cm. Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi i-calendula ejwayelekile ibukeka kanjani.
Imbewu kaMarigold
Ngokwencazelo ye-botanical, bonke abameleli bohlobo lweCalendula bayizitshalo ezine-herbaceous. Amahlumela aluhlaza okhanyayo, obomvu. Amaqabunga kukhona okusaqanda, imiphetho kukhona, luhlaza okotshani ngombala. Zonke izingxenye zesihlahla zimbozwe izinwele ezakha i-pubescence, zinamathele futhi zinephunga kumahlumela, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kukhulunywa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-inflorescences angamabhasikidi eorenji noma omunye umbala, ofaka i-tubular (enkabeni) nezimbali zomhlanga (amacembe) ngamaphayipayi kanye no-stigmas. Ngemuva kokuvunda, banikeza imbewu. Izimbali zomhlanga ziyinyumba. Imbewu yezimbali ze-calendula zihlukile ngesimo, ikakhulukazi zigobile, grey ukukhanya noma isihlabathi. Zingadatshulwa kancane ziluhlaza bese zomiswa ngaphansi kwe-canopy noma ngaphakathi endlini.
Ngemininingwane! Utshani beCalendula engadini buvame ukunqanda izinambuzane, kanti imicu yayo ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokubulala izinambuzane yemvelaphi yemvelo.
Lapho ama-calendula blooms
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali zenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-40-50 emva kokuhluma. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde lapho ama-calendula eziqhakaza, udinga ukukhumbula usuku lokuvela kwawo.
Imvamisa izihlahla ziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, futhi ukuphakama kwezimbali kubhekwa ngoJuni. Ngalesi sikhathi, feza ukuqoqwa kwenqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemuva kokususa ezinye zezimbali, amahlumela ayaqhubeka nokukhula futhi akha iziqalo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kwe-calendula kuyaqhubeka kulo lonke ihlobo kuze kufike ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa.
Izici eziwusizo ze-calendula
Izinzuzo zotshani zinqunywa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wezinto zokusetshenziswa. Izimbali zesitshalo ziqukethe:
- carotenoids;
- amafutha abalulekile;
- i-salicylic acid;
- flavonoids;
- ama-saponins;
- ama-alkaloid ngamanani amancane.
Uhlobo lokufakwa kwephakethe lomakhi we-calendula "MosFarma"
Ukwakheka okwanelisiwe kunquma izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zotshani be-calendula:
- i-bactericidal - isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene ne-streptococci ne-staphylococci;
- ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba;
- anti-ukuvuvukala;
- opholile.
Emithini yesintu, izipikili zisetshenziswa ngendlela yamakhompiyutha amanzi ngaphakathi ukwenza ngcono ukuthunyelwa kwe-bile futhi njengento edonsayo. Ngaphandle, utshwala kanye nama-vodka tinctures, ukumiliselwa kwamanzi - wokuxebuka nezinsini ezibuhlungu.
Amacwecwe weCalendula
Imboni yezemithi yenza okokugcoba nama-tincture asuselwa kuma-marigolds. Imbali iyingxenye yokulungiselela "iRotokan" yokuxebuka. Izithako zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukusha, kunzima ukwelapha amanxeba nezilonda. Umuthi "Kaleflon" umuthi olwa ne-antiulcer, ama-suppositories asetshenziselwa ama-anal fissures kanye nama-hemorrhoids, izifo zabesifazane. Amacwecwe asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zepheshana lesisu.
Nakani! Njengoba izinto ezisebenzayo zinamandla, kunokungqubuzana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivela kuma-marigolds.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zensimu ye-calendula engapheli
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-20 - abamele uhlobo lweCalendula. Ukwakha amaphethini okuhlobisa, abafuyi basebenzisa inqubo yokuhlanzisisa. Ezivame kakhulu yilezi zinhlobo ezimbili - iMedical and Field, ezenza impova ibe nge-calendula enemibala emibili (bicolor), iMoroccan nezinye izinhlobo.
I-calendula ye-ternnial ende-flowered terry ayibekezeleli ubusika ngokushisa ngaphansi kuka -10 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ukugcina izimbali, ekwindla zidluliselwa ezitsheni bese zidluliselwa kuvulandi okhanyayo, endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma efasiteleni.
Insimu yeCalendula(Calendulai-arvensis)
Kusatshalaliswa emasimini aseningizimu yeYurophu njengesitshalo sokhula, okusatshalaliswa emigwaqweni, ehlathini ukuhlakazwa kwembewu.
Amabhasi angama-45-50 cm ukuphakama, amaqabunga aluhlaza okgcwele, acwebezelayo. Izimbali zokuhlukahluka kwensimu zingolintshi, zilula, zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2.
Calendula officinalis(Calendula officinalis)
Izinhlobonhlobo zemarigold ezivame kakhulu.
Izimbali zingaba ophuzi, ulamula noma zibe mhlophe. Izimbali zangaphakathi ze-tubular zimnyama kunezimbali zomhlanga noma ezifanayo ngombala. Izimbali ububanzi kusuka 2 kuya 6 cm.
Ngenhloso yokwelapha, ukuqoqwa kwezimbali kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokudalulwa kwazo okugcwele. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zomisiwe ngaphansi kwe-canopy, zigcinwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Ezinye izinhlobo
Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo yi-Empress. Unezimbali eziphindwe kabili ezinobubanzi obude bufika ku-10 cm. Umbala wamaphinifa usuka ephuzi elimnyama uye ku-olintshi okhanyayo, ukuphakama okuphakathi kwezitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-45. Isiko libonisa imidwebo ehlanganisiwe, isetshenziswa njengokubukwa okuyinhloko emibhedeni engadini, ezitsheni nasemabhubhu.
Izinhlobo zeGeisha zifana ne-chrysanthemum. Amaphilisi we-Orange anezeluleko ezibomvu. Isikhungo sezimbali sinamabala ansomi namnyama.
Ama-Terry ahlukahlukene anama-petals ahlukahlukene - i-calendula Sonnenstein.
Umxhwele
UGeisha
Sonnstein
I-Calendula: ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile
Ukutshala nokunakekela izimbali akunzima, lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba okukhulu. Sizohlaziya ngemininingwane eminingi ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani i-calendula kahle.
Khula i-marigold kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Lapho ukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungayitshala nini i-calendula. Ama-Shoots angakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa lokukhanya -1 ... 2 ° C. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukuhlwanyela izinzipho emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-12-14 ° C.
Ukufakelwa izitolo akunzima. Imisele ifakwa ku-4-6 cm ukujula: Imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini enomswakama ngemigqa ngokuya ngephethini engu-12 cm phakathi kwemigqa ne-5-6 cm ngokulandelana.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ukuthambisa akuqhutshwa, esikhundleni salokho, amboza ingadi ngefilimu yepulasitiki. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-7. Lapho ukuphakama kwezitshalo kufinyelela ku-10 cm, izihlahla zigaxela endaweni ehlala njalo emibhedeni yezimbali, ama-rabatki noma ehlanganisiwe.
Ukunaka! Uma ukuhluma kwembewu kuphezulu, izipikili zingatshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, zidlule embhedeni wesithombo.
Kulokhu, imbewu igxwelwa enhlabathini enomswakama ibanga eli-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngemuva kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi ifakwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-peat.
Ikhula izithombo ze-calendula
Indlela yesithombo yokulima ama-marigolds ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo ukuthola izimbali zokuqala, kanye nasezifundeni ezinehlobo elifushane elipholile, njengaseSiberia.
Iminyaka yezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ibe yizinsuku ezingama-25-30, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kucatshangelwa isikhathi lapho imbewu izoqhuma, izinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwezingu-40 ngaphambi kosuku okuhleliwe lokutshala emhlabathini.
Ekuhlwanyeleni izithombo thatha amabhokisi noma izithombo zokugcina izitshalo zepulasitiki. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emgqeni oqhubekayo kuya ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa li-10 cm.
Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo ikhule yonke indawo enengxenye ephezulu ye-humus. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwezithombo ngu-22-24 ° C. Izitshalo ezincane ziniselwa njalo, inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa iyathukululwa.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukufaka umanyolo nge-potassium humate kuyenziwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhokisi athathwa ukuze aqine emoyeni ovulekile, ashiywe emthunzini ovulekile, kancane kancane andise isikhathi sokuboniswa kokujikeleza iwashi.
Okudingayo ukuze ukhule i-calendula
Inhlabathi endaweni yokutshala ilungiswa ekwindla, izimpande zefudu nezokhula ziyasuswa. Umbhede wezimbali ugcwele inani elikhulu lomquba noma umquba wotshani obolile. Isitshalo asidingi umanyolo wamaminerali.
Nakani! Ukwethulwa komquba ojikelezayo ngaphansi kwezipikili ekwindla futhi phakathi nehlobo kuvumela ukufinyeza ububanzi bekhanda eligelezayo lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lufika ku-10 cm olunezimbali ezinde eziqhubekayo!
Ukutshala kwenziwa ekujuleni kwenqwaba yezimpande. Indawo ephumayo enamaqabunga akufanele ijule, isitshalo siyohlupheka. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ungqimba lwe-mulat mulch ngemuva kokutshala kumele lube lincane, lungabi ngaphezu kwama-cm 3. Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuthambisa okuningi kuyenziwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto.
Uma sihlaziya ukuthi ikhula nge-calendula ikuphi ngokwemvelo, kuba sobala ukuthi isitshalo sidinga indawo enelanga enomhlabathi ovunyelweyo. Ngokufanelekile, uma isiza sinomoya omncane.
Ngokuqubeka kwezindimbane zomoya ezigcwele umswakama, kunengozi yezifo zezitshalo. I-Calendula ihlangana kahle ne-salvia, petunias, ama-marigolds. Akufanele utshale isivuno esiseduze kweminti namanye amakhambi anamakha.
Ukutshala imbali nokunakekela i-calendula kudinga ukondliwa njalo. Njengoba isikhathi sezimbali sesiko isikhathi eside, phakathi nehlobo 2-3 kumanyolo ngomanyolo we-organic noma we-organic-mineral unikezwa ngaphansi kwawo. Umquba ofanele ojikelezayo ofanele, humus, Peat ku-umthamo we-5-6 kg nge-1 m² yemibhede. I-potassium humate enezici zokulandela umkhondo, i-Reasil isetshenziswa ngamanzi okunisela.
Izinkinga Lapho Kukhula I-Calendula
Kulula kakhulu ukukhula i-calendula, ezimweni ezingandile kungenzeka ukunciphisa ijubane ukukhula, ukuyeka okuqhakaza izimbali, kanye nezifo zokukhunta zotshani.
I-Powdery mildew ku-calendula
Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-calendula inezimbali ezincane? Izimbali ezincane ezitshalweni ze-marigold zibonisa ukuntuleka kukamanyolo we-organic. Izinto ezingekho kufanele zifakwe.
Dedela inhlabathi ku-flowerbed nokhula ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye ukuze kusheshiswe izinqubo ze-metabolic enhlabathini futhi kwandise ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni.
I-plaque emhlophe noma emimpunga emaqabungeni ikhombisa i-powdery hlobo. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela khona, uTopazi kufanele afafazwe ngalo, njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10, ukufafazwa okuphindaphindekayo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhula kwesifo.
Uma utshala isitshalo sokwelapha kanye nembali enhle ye-calendula engadini, izoshintsha ngokusobala, nomuntu othanda izimbali angathuthukisa impilo yakhe uma efuna. Ukutshala isitshalo futhi ukusinakekela endaweni evulekile akunzima, futhi ukuqhakaza kungaba isikhathi eside futhi kube kuningi.
