Ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza

Yemalina "Tiberri": izici ze-agrotechnology ezihlukahlukene nokulima

I-Ezemalina iyi-hybrid yama-raspberry nge-blackberry. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-hybrid enjalo yi-Taiberry. Iyakuthanda njengokuthile phakathi kwamajikijolo futhi kunomunyu. Ungathola isivuno esikhulu samajikijolo amakhulu, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani, uzofunda esihlokweni sethu.

Umlando wokuzalanisa ama-hybrid

I-hybrid yamankikijolo kanye nokusajingijolo yenziwe ngengozi nguJames Harvey Logan eSanta Cruz, eCalifornia, ngo-1881. Okokuqala, umbelethi wayefuna ukuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bhisikijolo ukuze athole ukubukeka okukhangayo kusuka hybrid futhi athumele ubhekiswa ukudayiswa. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ze-blackberry zakhula eduze kwama-red raspberries ajwayelekile, i-cross-pollination yabangela.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeTyberry zenziwa eScotland ngoDL Jennings ngo-1962 ngenxa yokukhethwa kwama-raspberry Molling Juel no-Blackberry Aurora. I-hybrid ibizo layo lihloniphe iScottish River Tai. Kusukela ngo-1981, le berry yathengiswa.

Izici, izinzuzo nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene

I-Yezmelinu Taiberry kulula ukufunda kule ncazelo, kodwa izinzuzo nezinkinga zabantu abahlukahlukene abambalwa abazi.

Uhlu lwezinzuzo:

  1. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu. Ungafinyelela ku-10 kg amajikijolo esihlahleni esikhulile;
  2. Ukungahloniphi izinga lehlabathi;
  3. Ubunzima bebusika;
  4. Ukungabi namatshe emanzini;
  5. Ukuphikiswa kwezifo;
  6. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kufana nama-raspberries futhi kunephunga elimnandi;
  7. Amajikijolo wansuku zonke amancane (kufika ku-6.5 g ku-4 cm);
  8. Ukuthutha okuhle.
Izinkinga:
  1. Uma ngaphezulu, i-etalin ibumnyama futhi iba buthaka kakhulu;
  2. Lapho uneminyaka eyisithupha, ingxenye yesithathu inikeza inombolo encane kakhulu yenzalo.
Njengoba ungakuqonda, izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinkulu kunezingozi.

Uyazi? Ungenza isiraphu ne-jam, i-jam ne-mousse, i-jelly kanye nama-dessert ahlukahlukene avela ku-crockpot.

Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ezinempilo uma uthenga

Izithombo ezikhulayo akunzima kakhulu ukukhula, futhi ukunakekela izihlahla akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Okokuqala, kudingeka ukhethe izithombo ezifanele zokutshala.

Into yokuqala okumele uyihlolele yi-efihlekile nezimpande. Ngaphansi kwentwasahlobo, kumele okungenani kube khona amahlumela amathathu. Banika amagatsha amasha ngonyaka ozayo. Uhlelo lwempande kumele lube nephilile, kungekho zibonakaliso zokubola noma ukutheleleka ngama-parasites. Udinga ukunaka inani lamahlumela, ukuqina kwezimpande, umswakama nobukhulu babo. Akufanele kube yizici futhi zome.

Emva kokuhlola izimpande namafihlekile, qaphela iziqu. Kumbewu encane kufanele ibe nesitshalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, esibonisa ukuthi ukulungele isitshalo ekukhuleni okukhulayo. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nephakheji, lapho isithombo sitholwe khona. Isitshalo esincane akufanele sibe se-polyethylene, ngoba singafa ngamanzi. Kungcono ukuthatha isitshalo esiboshwe ngendwangu yemvelo.

Kubalulekile! Ungathengi izithombo ezinamakha nezikhulu, aziqedi kahle.
Ngemuva kokuthenga, uma unquma ukungatshali izithombo ngesikhathi esisodwa, udinga ukugoqa izimpande ngendwangu emanzi. Akunconywa ukuthi uwagcine kule fomu isikhathi eside, njengoba uhlelo lwempande lungaqala ukubola.

Imithetho yokutshala izithombo izitshalo

Izitshalo ezikhulayo zifana ne-raspberries ejwayelekile ekhulayo. Ezahlukweni ezilandelayo uzofunda konke ngokutshala i-agrotechnology.

Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwendawo efanelekile kwisayithi

Lapho ukhetha isayithi lokutshala izihlahla, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo asithandi imimoya yasenyakatho. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlela umfana omncane phansi kwelanga.

Indawo akufanele ilanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kufanele ibe ne-drainage. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona indawo ephathekayo, noma nge-bias kancane. Imbewu yamasonto onke akumele itshalwe emanzini noma emanzini.

Ungatshala i-hybrid ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, njengama-raspberries. Ekwindla kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.

Ngomitha wesikwele uzodinga i-superphosphate (70 g), umquba (25 kg) ne-potassium sulfate (50 g).

Uma utshala intwasahlobo ebumbeni noma enhlabathini enesisindo esinomhlabathi, udinga ukufaka umquba owengeziwe kumxube webumba, nokufaka isihlabathi emhlabathini, okungukuthi, cishe amabhakede amane omhlabathi ngamunye ngamamitha ayi-square adluliselwa emhlabathini. Entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuxuba ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngamanyolo. Emasontweni ambalwa, bamba izimbobo bese ugoqa ungqimba ophezulu ukusuka eceleni.

Uma ungenalo ithuba lokulungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili, ungakwazi ukuthululela ingxube emthonjeni: umquba (10 kg); umlotha wokhuni (400 g); i-potassium sulphate (50 g); superphosphate granulated (100 g).

Inqubo kanye nesimiso sokutshala izithombo

Siya phambili kubaluleke kakhulu - inqubo yokufika.

Wena ngokwakho, kufanele unqume ukuthi uzokwenzela kanjani ama-raspberries engadini. Kunezinketho eziningi: indlela yamahlathi kanye ne-tape.

Ngendlela ehlathini, udinga ukutshala zonke izintwasahlobo ekude kwamamitha ayi-1.2 emkhatsini wezihlahla ezilandelanayo, namamitha angu-1.8 phakathi kwemigqa.

Ngendlela ye-tape, kufanele kwenziwe umdwebo ovela emaphethweni entwasahlobo emkhakheni we-tape kuze kufike ku-45 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-40 cm, futhi phakathi kwamateyipu - amamitha amabili. Endaweni lapho izithombo ziyokhula khona, udinga ukumaka ngezikhonkwane, bese ubamba amasentimitha angu-55 ububanzi nobubanzi obungama-40 cm. Thela umxube owenziwe ngobumba emithonjeni. Uma utshala izithombo ungakhohlwa ukuqondisa izimpande ngezindlela ezihlukene, bese unyakaza isithombo ngokwayo ukuze umhlabathi ugcwalise wonke ama-void phakathi kwezimpande.

Ngemva kokutshala, entwasahlobo ingafakwa umanyolo nge-superphosphate kabili.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa yonyaka ehlobo "Tiberri"

Njengoba manje isitshalo se-berry sesitshalwe ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwentwasahlobo.

Ukuvikelwa kwansuku zonke kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo

Naphezu kokuthi i-Yemalin ayinamathele ezifweni, ishintshwe yizidumbu ezinjengama-aphid okusajingijolo nama-stem gallitsa. I-stamp Raspberry gallitsa ibukeka njengobuyane, futhi ihlala ezitshalweni ezindala phakathi nezimbali. Amantombazane ase-midge abeka izibungu ngaphansi kwefihlekile noma engxenyeni engezansi yamahlumela. Bondla neziqu.

Kulula ukuthola ukuthi izihlahla zakho zansuku zonke zonakaliswa yi-gall midges. Amahlumela amahlumela namahlumela avela ezindaweni zokudla. Amagxolo aphezu kwawo, kanti lesi sitshalo sigxila ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa.

Udinga ukulwa nabo kanje. Ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela amahlumela bese unquma izindawo ezilimele kanye nama-galls. Ngemuva kwalokho, bashise ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha.

Ama-aphid okusajingijolo athola amaqabunga amaqabunga amahlumela futhi abuhlungu ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyomile. I-Ezemalina inqwaba futhi amaqabunga aphelile. Ama-Inflorescences ayomile. Ungabathola kusukela ohlangothini oluphansi lweshidi.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ama-aphid ngosizo lwe-entomophages. Lawa angama-ladybugs noma amehlo egolide. Amakhemikhali angena ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga, izimbali kanye emva kokuvuna. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-nitrafen ngaphambi kokuphuza i-bud bud (30 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l). Ngaphambi kokukhipha izimbali, isisombululo se-karbofos (i-70 g ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi) isisombululo se-10%.

Uyazi? Ukudla amagilebhisi nama-blackberries kwakubhekwa njengesenzo somlingo esenza ngcono inkumbulo futhi ikhuthaza ukuhlushwa.

Ukuphuza nokuhlanganisa umhlabathi

Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ezinambuzane nezifo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi unakekela kanjani kahle zonke izintwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo asithandi isomiso nesomiso sezinga eliphezulu lenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele iphuze entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Esikhathini esomile, kufanele uthule okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngesonto. Kudingekile ukuphuza isitshalo kusihlwa ukuze ebusuku kufike amanzi emkhakheni wesimiso.

Futhi, uma ukhula izihlahla, kubalulekile ukugubha inhlabathi ngaphansi kokutshala. Kuzogcina umswakama endaweni yempande futhi kuzovimbela ukukhula kokhula. Ebusika, i-mulching igcina ukushisa emhlabathini.

Kungenzeka ukuba umquba uhlanganise ne-sawdust ebolile, amaqabunga, utshani, i-peat, ukhula olukhula ukhula kanye ne-hay kuya ekuphakameni okungenani ngu-10 cm.

Ukulawula ukhula

Ngokuvamile, ukhula lukhula eduze kwehlathi. Futhi ungawaqeda ngezindlela ezimbili: ngesandla noma ngosizo lwamakhemikhali.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, indlela ilula kakhulu. Udinga ukususa wonke ukhula, bese ulima inhlabathi eduze kwama-raspberries ukususa izimpande ezisele ezikhula uzincipha.

Umanyolo

Esikhathini sokufaka umanyolo wokusabalalisa, umanyolo ongaphambi kokutshala owenza konke. Ekubeni, kudingeka wenze ama-quintals angu-3.5 we-superphosphate noma amaphesenti angu-2.5 we-potassium sulfate ngehektare ngalinye. Entwasahlobo, i-2.5 t ye-ammonium nitrate ngehektha ngalinye isetshenziswa.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukwenza umquba ophilayo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma kunokuntuleka kwe-magnesium, amaqabunga endala aphuzi kusuka enkabeni kuya emaphethelweni futhi avame ukuwa. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-dolomite, njengoba kunciphisa i-acidity. Yilethe ekwindla.

Ngokuntuleka kwe-boron ekuhlungeni kwentwasahlobo kuyawa futhi amahlumela asetshenziselwa ama-lateral awakhiwe, futhi i-emealin ayitheli izithelo. I-Boron itholakale emquba, ngakho-ke uma isitshalo sakho "silambile," udinga ukufaka umquba njalo entwasahlobo.

Kubalulekile! U-Emealin uzwela ngokweqile kwe-chlorine enhlabathini.

Garter on the trellis

Manje siphenduka endleleni yokubopha entwasahlobo nokuthi kungani kufanele kwenziwe.

Amahlumela ahlanganiswe ne-trellis awonakaliswa yimimoya yasebusika, abavame ukugula nokuletha isivuno esikhulu. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-trellis eyodwa ngesimo samasekeli amabili wamitha. Ifakwe ebangeni lamamitha amathathu, phakathi kwalawo alula khona imigqa emibili yensimbi yensimbi elula. Ngamunye ubalekele intwasahlobo ngayinye ehlanganiswe nocingo ngokwehlukana.

Njengoba i-emalin iyi-shrub enwabuzelayo, sikunikeza i-trellis enetha. Namathisela ama-stalk esitokisini ngasinye ekuphakameni kwe-1, 2 m ku-crossbar ehamba phambili kuze kufike kuhhafu yemitha ende. Ekupheleni kwayo udinga ukubopha izintambo ezimbili. Khona-ke i-fruiting izitshalo zikhula futhi aziphazamisi ngokukhetha amajikijolo.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqoqa amajikijolo ngokucophelela, njengoba intsha iqubuka kalula futhi kalula.

Ukudubula nokufaka isihlahla

Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuvunwa kwemithi yasentwasahlobo. Kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sithola ukukhanya okwanele, umsoco kanye nomswakama.

Amahlumela aphakeme wezitshalo aya ekukhuleni entwasahlobo. Amaqabunga aphezu kwawo awafani nalokho ekuthuthukiseni, kanti amagatsha asetshenziswe ngonyaka olandelayo avela kubo, lapho izimbali zingakhiwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukudubula kwenziwa emva kokuvuna. Udinga ukusika zonke iziqu ze-biennial ebusweni bomhlaba, ungashiyi i-hemp. Inzalo yomsuka, futhi, kufanele isuswe - ayidingi ukukhiqiza.

Uma ukutshala amabhande, entwasahlobo kufanele ikhwekwe ukuze amanye ama-stems angama-35 ahlale e-1 m row.

Ukuqhubekela phambili ukuthi uzoqala kanjani ukusika umuthi wesihlahla. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, lesi sitshalo sithengiswa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, siqala ngamahlumela abuthakathaka asekhulile emgqeni. Shiya cishe amahlumela ayishumi esitshalweni.

Uma nje le-etalina iphetha u-fruiting, udinga ukusika ama-stalks endala bese ushiya amahlumela amancane anempilo.

Uyazi? Ukusajingijolo - irekhodi lokuqukethwe kwensimbi. Kuyasiza ukukhokhela abesifazane ngokulahlekelwa igazi njalo ngenyanga.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Lapho ukhula amajikijolo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa izitshalo zasebusika ebusika.

Lesi sitshalo sibhekwa njengobusika-obuqinile, kodwa ngenxa ye-nitrogen eyengeziwe, ukumelana nesithwathwa kunciphise kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo idinga ukulungele ubusika.

Udinga ukusigoba ekwindla futhi, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, qinisekisa ukuthi okusajingijolo kugcwele iqhwa. Kufanele futhi unikeze isitshalo ngomoya, futhi uma kwenzeka ukubunjwa kwe-ice crust ukuyihlaba. Ngaphansi kwengubo ekhephukile, i-raspberries iphumelela ngempumelelo ebusika futhi ama-hares ngeke ayidle.

Uma ubophe ama-raspberries e-trellis, khona-ke ubusika kufanele ususwe kusukela entabeni bese uchithelwa usebenzisa i-sawdust, utshani, i-peat, amagatsha nezinye izinto. Uma ubusika bebuqhwa, khona-ke i-mulching ingasuswa.

Kusukela esihlokweni sethu ufunde zonke izici ze-agrotechnology zalesi sitshalo, ngakho ungaqala ngokukhululekile ukukhula amajikijolo angavamile angavamile.