Ibhilidi noma isakhiwo akunakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kunezici zalo siqu, okungase kudonse abalimi.
Hlunga Siyakuthanda kucatshangelwa enye yezintandokazi nezinhlobo ezidumile phakathi balimi be-amateur. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Apple Trees ayigugu kungokwezihlobo ebusika ekuqaleni isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izithelo zilungele ukususwa kakade maphakathi no-September.
Enye yezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlosiwe yi-versatility and large isikhathi sokugcina izithelo.
Ukudalwa kwezimo ezikhethekile akudingeki, isivuno sigcinwa cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu, ngezithelo ungalahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwabo.
Izinhlobo zasebusika nazo zihlanganisa izihlahla ze-apula: Rennet Chernenko, Korey, Lada, Cliff kanye neSipho se-Grafsky.
Ukuvota
Ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezinhle zokuvotela ama-apula. Ama-Altai angenangqondo, ama-Altai amnyama, ama-Firebird.
Incazelo izinhlobo ezifunwa
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zincane, zisakazeka.
Ukuphakama kwezihlahla ngokuvamile kuvamile. Umqhele wesihlahla ukwanele isakhiwo esincane, esiyindilinga. Amagxolo omuthi unombala omnyama obomvu, amagatsha omuthi akhula cishe ngaphansi kwe-perpendicular to the trunk.
Ukuma kwamahlumela kuqondile futhi kunomzimba omncane, kune-pubescence ephakeme, umbala unobundu omnyama. Amaqabunga omuthi amancane, asho kancane, abe nesakhiwo esonakele, anemibala eluhlaza.
Ukwakhiwa kwesithelo kwenzeka ezitsheni zezithelo.
Izithelo ze-Apple zikhula ezincane, ezizungezile, ezilinganiselwa ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha amagremu.
Umbala wama-apula uyaphaphathekile, iningi laso le-apula lingabhekwa ngombala obomvu obomvu.
Isikhumba sihamba kahle kakhulu, i-pulp inesisindo esanele, i-crispy, i-juicy, ukunambitheka kumnandi, okwamanje. amanothi okukhanya we-flavour flavour, kodwa ngokuvamile iphunga lincane.
I-apula ecebile ngamavithamini ahlukahlukene, ama-acids, kubandakanya iqukethe ascorbic acid.
Izihlahla ze-Orlinka, i-Young Naturalist, uKandil Orlovsky kanye nePalgar nobuhle bePapava nazo ziwusizo kakhulu ezitshalweni zazo.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Indlela yokubeletha e-Research Institute of Horticulture I-Siberia ibizwa ngokuthi uMikhail Afanasyevich uLasvenko Izinhlobonhlobo ezinwabuzelayo zatholakala.
Ngosizo lwabachwepheshe abanolwazi ngaphansi kobuholi bukaLasvenvenko, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngokunqamula izihlahla ze-apula ezinhlobonhlobo zikaMelba Injabulo ye-Autumn ngo-1958.
Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobonhlobo sezibe ngaphezulu ukumelana nokubandayo, izifo nezinambuzane. Leli banga lifakwe kurejista ngo-1995.
Ukuphikisana nesithwathwa nakho kungabonga izinhlobo: Isivumelwano, i-Quinti, i-Arkadik, i-Winter Beauty ne-Aport obomvu wegazi.
Indawo yokuzalwa nokusatshalaliswa
Abantu abahlukahlukene abahlonishwayo eNtshonalanga Siberia: e-Altai Territory, e-Omsk, eTomsk, naseTyumen.
Inzuzo yalezi zihlukahlukene iphezulu frost ukumelanaNgakho-ke, i-apula ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezibandayo.
Kulezi zifunda, lezi zihlahla zivame ukutshala ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo: Imrus, Gorno-Altai, Gornist, Altynai noLyubava.
Ukuthela
Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, i-apula yesihlahla saso siqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine. Ngisho nezihlahla ezindala zingathela izithelo.
Emva kwalokho imvamisa ye-fruiting - evamile, yonyaka. Umkhiqizo ukhulu kakhulu - cishe ngamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa ngeyunithi eyodwa yezinkuni.
Njengoba ama-apula esihlahleni avuthwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvunwa kulula. Futhi, izithelo zenzelwe ukuthutha.
Ama-apula angacutshungulwa, asemathinini, asetshenziswe ahlanzekile noma apheke.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Akugcini nje ukutshala, kodwa nokunakekela i-apula kudinga isimo sengqondo esinokwethenjelwa, ngoba lokhu udinga ukwazi ezinye izici nemithetho.
Akukho ukuvumelana lapho utshala ama-apula.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqala ukutshala izithombo noma isikhathi sekwindlalapho cishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa - mhlawumbe ngaphambi komhlaka-15 Okthoba, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobolapho isimo sezulu sishisa ngaphandle kwefasitela - endaweni ethile emva komashumi amabili ka-Ephreli.
Into yokuqala udinga ukumba umgodi.
Umgodi ovuliwe nebanga lamamitha amane kuya kwangu-4 kufanelekile kulezi zihlukahlukene.
Ukujula kufanele kufinyelele ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa, futhi ububanzi bamamitha. Kungcono ukuqala ukumba isonto ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula.
I-TIP! Isendlalelo esingaphansi, esingenakusebenza ekubunjweni, kufanele silahlwe ngokwehlukana kusuka phezulu, i-humus.
I-bottom kufanele ikhululiwe cishe amasentimitha amathathuLe nhlabathi kufanele ihlale lapho. Okulandelayo, ingxenye yesithathu yomgodi kumele igcwale isihlabathi esivundile, enezela umanyolo lapho.
Ngakho balala ngendwangu engenhla exutshwe nama-fertilizer kuze kube ngu-half, khona-ke ngaphandle kwabo. Ukubukwa okulungele - umgodi kufanele uhlanganiswe ngendunduma, ephakeme ngaphezu kwenhlabathi endaweni ethile kumitha yesithathu. Umgogodla uqhutshwa phakathi kwegquma.
Isihlahla siboshelwe isikhonkwane nge "ayisishiyagalombili" ukuze sikhululeke.
Intamo yentambo ye-apula kufanele ibe ngokuqinile emhlabathini.
Ukutshala okulungile komuthi kumqinisekisa isikhathi eside futhi ubuncane besifo.
Isici sokulima kukhona ifomu lamahlathi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphakama okujwayelekile akufanele kube ngaphezulu kwezingxenye zemitha, khona-ke amagatsha aphansi ayoba ngaphansi kwesihenqo seqhwa.
Lokhu kuyasiza uma kwenzeka umonakalo kumagatsha aphezulu, ngoba Amagatsha aphansi angaqhubeka nokuphila.
Ukunakekelwa okunamandla komuthi we-apula kuvumela ukujabulela ukuvuna okucebile ngenxa yalokho. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla ngokushesha emva kokutshala.
Ukuze sikhule amahlumela e-lateral, umqhubi ophakathi kwezihlahla ze-apula uyanqunywa cishe amahlumela amabili noma amathathu.
Unyaka wokuqala wokunakekela i-apula uhlanganisa ukuphuzafuthi ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Enye iphuzu elibalulekile lokunakekelwa kahle kwe-apula kuyinto ukusika izihlahla njalo. Ingqikithi yayo ikhona ekuguquleni amagatsha amadala nokugula, ukusika umqhele wesihlahla ongasebenzi. Uma ungayinaki lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela, i-apula ingagula kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezibalulekile zikhona ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlahla. Okokuqala, faka inhlabathi nge-humus.
Lokhu kudla kungase kwanele iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokuphila nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla.
Kubantu abadala, kungase kube khona ukusweleka kwezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nitrogen noma i-phosphorus.
Uphawu lwezinkathazo lungashintsha ukunambitha, umbala wezithelo.
Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza imifudlana eduze nomjikelezo ongayifaka kuwo umanyolo obunzima, bese uhlanganiswa nomhlaba.
Umswakama wemvelo uzohlukanisa izinto ezizoqala ukusebenza. Lo umanyolo uhlala iminyaka emihlanu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukwelapha okwesikhashana noma izinyathelo zokuzivikela kungalimaza kakhulu isivuno somuthi, kodwa futhi nempilo yayo, futhi kunganciphisa isikhathi sesikhathi sokuphila.
Inzuzo yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuphikisana nesifo esinjalo esingathandeki njengoba isikhumbaKodwa-ke, eminyakeni ye-epiphytotic yentuthuko, isikhumba singashaya isihlahla.
Lesi sifo singakwazi ukunciphisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo ngama-50%.
Ama-fungicides angasiza ekulwa nokukhwabanisa. I-fungicide ephumelela kunazo zonke UDitan M-45.
Akukona nje kuphela izindawo zokulondoloza zesibalo, kodwa futhi kuphuthumayo izimfanelo zokukhula zomuthi, kwandisa ukumelana kwezihlahla ze-apula kumagciwane, futhi ukusabela okuzivikela kungapheli isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.
Ukuvikela amagxolo esihlahla kusuka kumagundane, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubeke amahabhu ngomphumela onobuthi nxazonke, isibonelo, ungayisebenzisa "Bacterodencid".
Ngesikhathi i-apula isincane, i-trunk namagatsha kungaba gqoka izintambo ezindala ze-nylon.
Futhi kusukela kumagundane angasiza ukumba izihlangu ezungeze umuthi, eduze nalokho okusemandleni ukubeka amabhodlela aqukethe izinto eziqeda amagundane (izigqoko ezindala zigcwele kakhulu idizili).
Ukuze wenze lokhu, nje wabeka abalimi eduze kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuvimbela ukubukeka ensimini yezinambuzane ezinjalo njengemithi yokudoba, umvukuzi wezimvukuzane, isitshalo sezithelo, ama-silkworms kanye nama-haws, ngezinto ezihlukene zewebhu yethu.
Njengendlela yokuvimbela izifo, kuzodingeka usebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ukuphalala kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka.
I-TIP! Ukupompa kokuqala kufanele kube ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwe-apula, okwesibili emva kokuqhakaza, ngoba Ukufafaza kokuqala kuhloswe ukuthi izinambuzane zigibele phansi, kanti eyesibili izinambuzane ezidlula ngaphezulu emagqabeni esihlahla.
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukupuniza: ishubhu sulphate, ingxube yeBordeaux, i-iron sulphate, amalungiselelo I-Actellic ne-Chorus.
Izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-Apple Kuyathandwa kudumile ngezinzuzo zayo eziningi: kubusika-obuqinile, kuletha ukuvunwa okucebile, izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi ukunambitheka kwama-apula akushiyi noma ubani ongenandaba.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo, kusengcupheni kokulimala kanye nokulimala komuthi ngezifo ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufeza isinyathelo sokuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi nokuzinikela isikhathi sokunakekelwa.
Buka ividiyo ukuthi ungathola kanjani i-apula ukuze uthwale izithelo.
