Enye yezitshalo ezinhle esizitholakalayo endaweni eseCentral Russia yi-Rhododendron daursky. Lesi sitshalo esingenakunyakazelwa esidlangalaleni siyokujabulisa ngesimbali saso esingajwayelekile futhi sibe nephunga elimnandi iminyaka eminingi.
Incazelo yemvelo
I-Rhododendron Daurian (ngesiLatini Rhododendron Dauricu) ikhula e-Asia nasemphumalanga Tintsaba tase-Altai. Uhla lwayo lokusabalalisa luhlanganisa iTransbaikalia, ingxenye esempumalanga yeSiberia, iFar East, iSakhalin, iKorea, iJapan, iManchuria neNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, lapho ikhula khona njengamabhishi ahlukene namathanga.
Ishlahla saseRhododendron eBuryatia
Lesi sitshalo siwugwadule, siqukethe amahlumela angama-20-50, izinduku, ezinombala onsundu omnyama. Amahlumela amasha mncane futhi anwebile, bese eba yizinkuni ngokuphelele. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana kusukela ku-1.5-2 m, isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-50.
I-Rhododendron eseMpumalanga Ekude (igama libonisa indawo eyabiwa enkulu) liyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuqaleni kuvela izimbali kulo: eziqongweni zamahlumela zisuka kwesinye isiqubu kuya kwesinye, ama-rose, ama-lilac ne-lilac, kwesinye isikhathi amhlophe. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwazo - ukusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni - ingabe lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 cm ubude aze afike ku-1 cm okusaqanda ngokuma ngokuhlangana emaphethelweni. Umbala wazo uhlukile ohlangothini lweqabunga: ingxenye engenhla iluhlaza mnyama futhi ibushelelezi, kanti ingxenye engezansi iyabumbeka ngesakhiwo se-scaly.
Ngemininingwane! Cishe wonke amaqabunga awela ubusika, aqothuka ngotshani.
Njengomphumela wezimbali, kwakhiwa ibhokisi lezithelo. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwesihlahlana lubanzi futhi alunamaphutha; endle, lukhetha ukwanda ngezimpande, ngezikhathi ezithile ngembewu.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kweRhododendron
Lesi sitshalo sinobuthi impela, iphunga lezimbali zalo lingadala i-nausea nekhanda elinokuphefumula isikhathi eside, uju lwezimbali zezitshalo zingadala ukubonwa kwezinga elikhulu, futhi amaqabunga aqukethe i-andromedotoxin, into enomphumela we-narcotic, ongavusa uhlelo lwezinzwa kuqala bese uluvimba kakhulu. umsebenzi wenhliziyo okhungathekisayo. I-Rhododendron nayo iqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha abalulekile, kuwo wonke amaqabunga nezimbali.
Nakani! Lesi sitshalo, yize sinobuthi obuphakeme, siyindlela yokwelapha. I-Rhododendron ne-rosemary bayisitjalo sinye futhi cishe wonke umuntu uzwe ngezindawo zesibili.
Izimbali ezinhle - izinzuzo nezingozi
Izici eziwusizo
Ngamanani alinganiselwe futhi njengoba kuchazwe ngudokotela, amalungiselelo we-Rhododendron anezici ezilandelayo:
- i-bactericidal;
- antipyretic;
- ama-painkiller;
- opholile;
- amaswidi.
Lokhu kuphinda kufakazele ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle ngokulinganisela, futhi ngisho nezibi zinezindawo zokwelapha. Ngosizo lwalesi sitshalo ukuqeda ukuphefumula nokuphefumula, kuthuthukisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo, kwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
Amaqabunga eRhododendron asetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-rheumatism, isithuthwane, i-colitis kanye namakhaza, kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli kanye nezinye izifo. Itiye elisuka emaqabungeni esitshalo linganciphisa ikhanda nekhanda elibuhlungu, futhi liphinde linciphise ukukhwehlela ngesikhohlela.
Contraindication nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo kusuka ku-Ledum yisifo senhliziyo, ukukhulelwa, ukukhubazeka, umsebenzi wezinso ophazamisekile.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Abalimi abafuna ukukhulisa izihlahla ezinjalo kusuka ezinhlwini babhekene nenqubo enzima, edinga ukulawulwa okuqaphile. Kuhle ukuqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi - ingxube yesihlabathi se-peat kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 1, esidinga ukubulala amagciwane okokuqala. Inhlabathi ithululelwa ethangini ngaphandle kokunciphisa noma ukuthambisa. Phezulu uthele imbewu ye-rosemary.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingaxutshwa nesihlabathi, into esemqoka ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwezimbewu ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuka-1-1,5 cm.
Ukunisela kwenziwa ngepani kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi uswakanyiswe ngokuphelele, kususwe umswakama owengeziwe. Ukuhlwanyelwa embozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Ngemuva kokuvela, ifilimu iyasuswa, bese izitshalo zidudluzwa egumbini elinokushisa okungu-8-12 ° C. Amahlumela anikezwa ukukhanya okuhle, kepha kugwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-substrate ihlala imanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ujwayele izitshalo umoya omusha.
Ama-Rhododendrons amasha angena ngoJuni, atshala emabhokisini amakhulu ngebanga elingama-1.5 cm. Ukuhlala izitshalo ngaphandle ehlobo kwamukelekile. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala, i-rosemary encane ilethwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa angama-8-18 ° C, futhi kuyasiza ukubanikeza ukukhanya kwelanga okungamahora ayi-12-16 ebusika bonke.
Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi, izitshalo ziphinde zitshalwa kabusha zisendaweni eyi-3-4 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama njalo, kepha ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwama-Rhododendrons aqala ukwenza umanyolo wezimbiwa. Ehlobo kufanele ziphinde zithunyelwe engadini.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, izithombo zitshalwa emibhedeni elungiselelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, ungakhohlwa ukuchelela nokugqoka okungaphezulu, futhi zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli kuphela iminyaka eyi-4-5.
Ukusika kwe-rosemary
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ngokungafani nendlela yokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ukusakazwa ngokusikeka kuyindlela elula futhi engathathi amandla. Ukusika kulungiselelwe engxenyeni yokuqala kuphela yehlobo. Kukhethwe amahlumela acekeceke futhi aqine bese kuthi lapho kufika ku-45 ° banqamule ingxenye engeyona ye-10 cm futhi ingabi ngaphezu kuka-15 cm ubude. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa bese asikwa afakwe kusikhuhli sokukhula.
Ngemuva kwalokho isiqu sibekwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe nge-engela ka-30 °, siyijule futhi siyinciphise nomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho yenza ukuchelela bese ukumboza kusuka phezulu ngensimbi evela kwifilimu noma ezinye izindlela ezithuthukisiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ama-cutter e-Shelter akufanele ahlangane naye.
Ukuze ubambe kahle impande, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingu-25-30 ° C futhi wandise amahora okukhanya kwelanga abe amahora angama-141. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, izimpande kufanele zivele.
Ama-Rhododendrons asemancane asikiwe asikhulelwe unyaka noma amabili amakhreyithi, ebheka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa, njengasendabeni yokuhluma kusuka imbewu, bese kutshalwa endaweni yokuhlala yaphakade.
Ukubekwa kwezimpande
I-Rhododendron, noma i-rosemary, nayo ingasakazwa ngokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo. Le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo. Ehlathini, amahlumela asondele kakhulu emhlabathini akhethiwe, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-5 ama-PC. esihlahleni esisodwa. Endaweni yokuthintana nenhlabathi, kwenziwa isigaba esikude egatsheni, sifaka i-sliver kuwo ukuze singavali.
Okulandelayo, yenza umgodi ongaba ngu-15 by 15 cm ngosayizi, lapho ihlumela lihleli khona. Umgodi umbozwe ngenhlabathi ene-acid futhi uhlanganiswe ne-peat, kanti lonke elinye ihlumela liboshwe ukuze libheke phezulu. Kuhlala kuphela ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi hhayi ukushesha. Kakade ngonyaka olandelayo, lesi sitshalo sizobe sikulungele ukunikeza amahlumela amasha.
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kudluliswa izihlahlana: icophelela ngokucophelela (izimpande zintekenteke kakhulu futhi mncane) ukuhlukanisa isihlahla sibe izingxenye eziningi, kulondolozwe uhlelo lwezimpande. Izenzo ezengeziwe zizofana nakwamanye amacala.
Emvelweni yemvelo, ama-rhododendrons agcina ibanga lawo komunye nomunye.
Ukutshala kweShrub
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-Rhododendron yaseDaurian kudinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwendawo nokunemba, kodwa ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo singabizwa ngokuba nesizotha.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Indawo kumele ikhethwe ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi, ngoba lesi sitshalo singaphila iminyaka engama-50 futhi asisekeli kakhulu izinto ezihanjiswa njalo. Ngakho-ke, indawo efanelekile ingaba yindawo ekhanyisiwe, kepha hhayi elangeni eliqondile, evikelekile emoyeni. Uhlangothi olufanele lwasenyakatho lwesiza noma indawo ene-conifers. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhetha indawo eyisicaba lapho ukuqina nokuqwabelana komhlaba noma amanye amanzi kungenzeki. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe esindayo noma eminyene, isilinganiso se-acid-base esifanele sisuka ku-4,5 kuye ku-5.
Kubalulekile! Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo wamaminerali enhlabathini, bese ulungisa imigodi: ububanzi bawo nokujula kufanele kube ngu-60-70 cm.Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla liyahlukahluka kusuka ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo futhi lingasukela ku-70 cm kuya ku-2 m. Lapho ukutshala, kubalulekile ukubheka umnyombo wezimpande, kufanele ihlale ngaphezu kobuso amasentimitha ambalwa.
Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo siyaniselwa futhi sifakwe ngezinaliti zikaphayini noma i-peat.
Ubuhle beLedum ngumvuzo omuhle kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi
Ukunakekelwa
Entwasahlobo yokuqala nangemva kokuphela kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kufakwa umanyolo, inhlabathi ayithukululwa kakhulu, ukhula kumele lususwe. Ngezimpawu zokuntuleka komswakama, ukuchelela kuyadingeka, futhi kuyalulekwa ukugcina ungqimba lwe-mulch unyaka nonyaka. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, i-rosemary ayivunyelwe ukuqhakaza, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule isitshalo esinamandla futhi esithuthuke ngokwengeziwe.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla kwenziwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali futhi kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile yale nqubo.
Uma i-Rhododendron inakekelwa ngendlela efanele, khona-ke ayithambekele kakhulu ezifweni. Kodwa-ke, kusibonakaliso sokuqala, ikhambi elihle kakhulu ukususa zonke amahlumela ezithintekile uzishise, bese usebenza isihlahla ngokuya ngokubonakala kwezinkinga.
ILedum ayimelani nezeqhwa futhi ibekezelela ukubanda kuze kufike ku-−45 ° С. Ukuphawuleka kokugcina uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande ebusika kubalwa ngokwesimo sezulu sendawo ekhulayo, noma kunjalo, uma kunesidingo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhosela, ngokobuchwepheshe bezolimo, obunobumba obuphakeme ezisekelweni zezimpande, amaqabunga namagatsha aqhakaza izimbali. Amahlumela angagoba phansi.
I-Daurian rhododendron isitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi esiyingqayizivele ngezimbali ezinhle. Isiko linezakhiwo ezizuzisayo futhi selapha izifo eziningi. Ingatshalwa emaphethelweni asenyakatho neRussia, ngoba ibekezelela kalula iqhwa, kepha idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
