Izimfihlo zokukhuphula iklabishi ye-broccoli endle. Amathiphu wokunakekela isithombe esihle

Nakuba i-broccoli ayidume njengezihlobo zayo i-cauliflower nomhlophe, kodwa futhi iyasiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi inezinambitheka ezithakazelisayo nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori. Ingasetshenziswa kuma-saladi ahlukahlukene nakwezinye izitsha eziningi.

I-Broccoli iyitshalo semifino yonyaka yemindeni yeklabishi. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lubaqeqeshi obumnyama obumnyama obuqoqwe ama-inflorescences kanye neziqu ezinzima. Ifana ne-cauliflower, kodwa inhloko kuphela inombala oluhlaza noma obomvu. Iklabishi ye-Broccoli isivele ikwazi ukuwina izinhliziyo nokukhathalela abathandi nabafundi ukuba bakhule izitshalo ezidliwayo ekhaya. Cabanga ukuthi uzohlwanyela kanjani futhi nini ukutshala i-broccoli, uhlobo luni lokunakekela oludinga.

Izici zokulima imifino

Kunconywa ukutshala i-broccoli emhlabathini lapho i-carrots ngaphambili, u-anyanisi, noma yikuphi okusanhlamvu, izithelo noma amazambane.

Lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokulula kwayo, ngakho-ke, ukumnakekela kulula. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, i-broccoli idinga kakhulu ukukhanyisa nokunyakaza.

Izici zokukhula kwe-broccoli:

• Imifino ikhula kuphi kangcono? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yeklabishi ye-broccoli iyinhlanganisela yomhlaba we-sod, isanti ne-peat. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa izwe elidala kusukela ensimini, ngoba angakwazi ukutheleleka ngomlenze wakhe omnyama futhi athole isitshalo.
• Ukuphakamisa amakhanda amaklabishi kungcono ukuthunga ilanga eliqondile, ngaphandle kwalokho bayothola ukubukeka okungathandeki nokungabonakali. Futhi ngezinsuku ezishisayo ikakhulukazi zezitshalo kuyoba usizo ukuhlela ukusifiphaza emoyeni nxazonke.
• Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imifino kufanele iphuze kahle. Kodwa kuzo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo, uma kwenzeka kunomswakama omkhulu, kunengozi yokutheleleka ngomlenze omnyama nokubola kwezimpande, futhi uma kwenzeka ukungabi nalutho - izinhloko zesitshalo ziyoba mncane futhi zivilapha.

  Akunconywa ukutshala i-broccoli ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4 ezindaweni ezifanayo.

Umehluko ekuzaleni kwamanye amalungu omndeni weklabishi

Iklabishi ye-Broccoli ivame ukudideka ngombala, kodwa ihlukile ngokubukeka, futhi ibhekwa njengokukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokukhipha amakhanda phakathi nendawo, kutholakala isivuno esisha emaceleni. Imininingwane mayelana nokuthi i-broccoli ihluke kanjani kukholifulawa, sitshele lapha). Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamakhanda kungcono ukunciphisa inani lamanzi.

I-Broccoli nayo ibekezelela ukushisa nokubandayo kalula; ingatshalwa kunoma yimuphi umhlaba. Ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwamakhanda amakhulu, udinga inani elincane le-nitrogen, inani elanele le-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanye nokukhanyisa okuhle. Ikhula ngesikhathi esifushane, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, izinhloko zivuthwe ngokushesha.

Isithombe

Ngaphansi kwesithombe ungabona ukuthi i-broccoli ikhula kanjani:

Uphi futhi imbewu edayiswa kuphi?

Ungabuye futhi uhlele phakathi kwezokuhweba kwe-intanethi "ama-Regmarkets", lapho kuhlanganiswa okukhulu kunoma yikuphi ukukhetha, kokubili ngokwemali nangokwemakhi. Uma ukuthenga kuhlelwe esitolo esivamile, njengendlela yokukhetha, ungabheka amakheli ekusesheni bese ukhetha okufanelekile okuseduze.

Ukuqhathanisa imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene

Kunezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zeklabishi ye-broccoli, futhi kunezinhlamvu ezitholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko. Imbewu yesigaba sokuvuthwa kuqala iyakulungele ukufika ngonyaka ozayo. Ukukhathazeka ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azitheli futhi azifaneleki ukugcina isikhathi eside.

Ama-broccoli hybrids awafanele ukutshala isivuno esilandelayo.. Kodwa, cishe akulimazi izinambuzane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvuthwa kokuqala, kuyanda kakhulu. Ukubunjwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni, futhi kungagcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ungakhetha kanjani okuhle kakhulu?

I-broccoli ekhulayo evela emzalweni iqala engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Mashi - yilapho leyo imbewu imbewu ka-broccoli ihlwanyelwa phezu kwezithombo.

Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu yeklabishi ye-broccoli ngendlela yokuhambisa, ngamagama amaningana njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuze kube maphakathi noJuni, kodwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli i-broccoli itshalwe ngendlela engenambewu ngqo emhlabathini.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi zeklabishi ye-broccoli, kodwa yiziphi ezihamba phambili? Ungakhetha okufanele izici ezimbili ezibalulekile:

1. Qaphela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobo. Ama-hybrid afika esiteji sokulungela izinsuku ezingu-50, isikhathi sokuphela sokuvuthwa singama-140 noma ngaphezulu kwezinsuku. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa kakhulu ukuyeka ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ngezimo zenkathi emifudumele emfushane.
2. Esivunweni. Kusukela emitha yemitha eyi-1 yokutshala kungenzeka ukuqoqa kusuka ku-1 kuya kwezingu-4 kg zezithelo, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho no-7 kg, kuye ngokuthi izinga kanye nezici zezinhlobo.

Ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi kuxhomeke kuphi?

• Uma ulindele ukuvuna ngoJuni, kuzomele uqale ukuhlwanyela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Mashi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli.
• Uma izithombo zihlwanyelwe ngoMashi, khona-ke ziqala ukufakwa endaweni yokushisa, bese zifika emibhedeni.
• Izithombo zika-Ephreli zithunyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi sokutshala i-broccoli emhlabathini sikhethwa ntambama, ngosuku oluthile.

Indlela yokukhula ezweni - isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo

Rassadny indlela

Le ndlela ilula ukuthi udinga nje ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Okokuqala, izinkulu kakhulu zikhethiwe. Hlwanyela cishe kwezinsuku ezingama-35-40 ngaphambi kokuphuma emhlabathini ovulekile. Zivame ukutshala emabhokisini ngenhlabathi noma ku-abamba ukushisa, ukujula cishe ngo-1 cm kanye nebanga phakathi kwemigodi eyi-2.5 cm.

Abalimi abaningi bafafaza umlotha, u-lime noma ufulawa wama dolomite ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukunikeza izakhi zokulandelela ezidingekayo. Bese uyibamba. Sebenzisa ama-humus namaminerali omanyolo. Esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ucece inhlabathi ngomquba, ekubalweni - ibhakede elilodwa ngesikwele esingu-1. m. Ukushisa kwesikhulumi lapho imbewu ezokhula khona kufanele ilingane nama-20 degrees. Khona-ke izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa kuya kuma-degree angu-15, ligcinwe kahle ngaphambi kokufika.

Kudingeka ukuba amanzi kahle, kodwa hhayi ukuvumela ukungaphezu komswakama, ngoba Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwemilenze emnyama. Amahlumela okuqala ezinhlamvu ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa, yenza indlela yazo kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 ekushiseni kwamazinga angu-10.

Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-degrees angaphezu kuka-10, amahlumela okuqala avela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4. Emva kwamasonto ama-1.5-2, usuvele ubona amaqabunga 3-4. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bahlezi ezigodini ezihlukene, noma ngqo ku-greenhouse, uma izinga lokushisa lilivumela. Ukujula kwezimbobo kufanele kube ngu-25 cm, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kokufika kufanele libe okungenani ngu-40 cm.

Enye yezindlela zokufakelwa izithombo:

1. ukuqala ukulungisa umbhede (kufanele ugobe umbhede, bese ukhula ngamanzi, 30-40 g esihlahleni ngasinye);
2. emasontweni ambalwa ukuqhuba i-liming ukuze kunciphise ubuhle bomhlabathi;
3. engeza umquba (10 l / m²) ukugcina ukushisa okupholile;
4. Izitshalo eziyi-10 - 15 zingase ziqale ukutshala engadini;
5. amanzi;
6. ukumba izimbobo eziyi-8 cm ejulile (umhlabathi kufanele ufinyelele emaqenjini amaqabunga);
7. kuyadingeka ukuba ususe umcibisholo oyinhloko kancane ukuze uzuze uhlelo oluhle lwempande;
8. ekugcineni uthele amanzi kahle.

Inhlabathi engezangeyona ne-alkali enhle kakhulu. Futhi, inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela ingalungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: xuba isihlabathi nge-turf kanye ne-peat, ubeka i-limestone phansi. Ukwenzela i-disinferensi inhlabathi kudingeka ukuthi wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. ukufudumala emhlabathini amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela;
2. Amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukuvimbela umlenze omnyama, amanzi enhlabathini ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.

Ukutshala ngqo enhlabathini

Kakade ngoMeyi, ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, imbewu ye-broccoli ingahlwanyelwa okungewona izithombo. Ngendlela efanayo, ngenhla, umhlaba usetshenzwa futhi ulungiselelwe. Kufanele itshalwe enhlabathini emanzi futhi ekhulelwe. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-2-3, udinga ukukhula ukhula futhi unciphise ukutshala, ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi kufanele lihlale cishe ngo-40 cm.

Indlela yokunakekela izitshalo?

Ekunakekeleni kwe-broccoli endaweni yokuqala kuhlanganisa ukuchelela izitshalo, usuku nosuku noma olunye usuku. Ngemuva kwezinqubo zokunisela kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ungasebenzisa i-spray ukuze uhambise imvelo.. I-Urea ingasetshenziswa njengesigqoko sokuqala esiphezulu; ngoba lokhu, izipuni ezimbili zifakwa kubhakede elingu-1, izihlahla ezingaba ngu-15.

Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo kuwukuthi:

1. ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo (ukususwa kwamaqabunga amabi, njll);
2. ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali (ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane);
3. ukukhulula inhlabathi;
4. ukuchelela njengokumiswa;
5. ukwenziwa kwezitshalo ezithintekile;
6. ukuhambisa izithombo zokugcina izithombo.

Ukuvuna

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-3, ​​lapho ama-buds ekhulile ngokugcwele, kodwa engakavulwa, aqeda ikhanda eliphakathi nenxenye ye-stem eyinhloko, ubude obufanele bube ngu-15-20 cm.

Ngenxa yokushisa, uma izinhloko ze-broccoli zingabumnyama, zivula ngokushesha futhi ziyaqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuvuna zonke izinsuku ezingu-2-3, futhi ngesikhathi sezulu esibi - njalo izinsuku ezingu-7-10.

Isivuno esiseduze singanqunywa yi-decrepit inflorescences eqhakaza ngalolo suku olulandelayo. Ukuqoqwa kokuqala kufanelekile ukugcina isikhathi esifushane (izinsuku eziningana), kanti ekwindla isikhathi eside.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-broccoli zivuthwe futhi zihlangene. Ngokushesha baqala ukwakha emva kokusika okuyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, bangaqhubeka nokunakekela futhi bathole amakhanda amakhulu. Uma bekhula - nabo banqunywa.

Izifo nezinambuzane

1. Izimbali:
   • ukungahambisani nezinsuku zokutshala (ukuphuma ekuqaleni);
   • isivuno asikho ngesikhathi;
   • ukuphuza okwanele noma ukungabi nalutho.
2. I-Perinosporosis:
   • umswakama ophezulu, okungukuthi, ukuchelela ngokweqile kwezitshalo;
   • izici zezulu ezithwala umswakama okhulayo.
3. Isifo se-fungalUngayinquma ngokuqhakaza noma izindawo ezimnyama.
   • I-Kila - isifo esibangela ukukhunta. Uma lesi sitshalo singasusiwe, ukutheleleka nge-fungus kuzosakazeka kwabanye.
   • Umlenze omnyama - njengoba kuboniswe kulesi sihloko, uqala ngenxa yemiswakama ephezulu futhi uyisifo se-fungal. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwayo, lesi sitshalo sifa.
   • Alternaria Isibonakaliso salesi sifo esibangelwa amafungus amabala amnyama. Ivela ngemuva kwemvula enamandla nesimo sezulu esishisayo.
   • Idonsa likaMealy. Kungenzeka ekwindla, emaqabunga avela eqhakaza ngendlela yofulawa futhi ebeka amabala. Isizathu salokhu singase sibe - inkungu noma ukungabi khona kwemvula eshisayo.
   • I-turnip mosaic yisifo segciwane esandulela inkathazo enjalo njenge-aphid. Kunganqunywa ngokunciphisa ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye namabala omzimba.
   • I-bacteriosis e-mucous. Isizathu salesi sifo amabhaktheriya abulala umuthi kuphela. Izimpawu - amaqabunga okubola, ukuthambisa kwe-stem.
   • I-bacteriosis ye-Vascular iyisifo esifanayo se-bacterial. Lithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Ivela ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo: umswakama, imvula yokuphikelela kanye nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokho, imifino ifa.
   • I-Belle yisifo esiwumfutho esilimaza amaqabunga kanye nengxenye yendiza. Ngokufanayo ne-black ring spot.
   • Fomoz. Lesi sifo sibonakala uma imbewu isulele kakade. Izindawo ezikhanyayo namacu amnyama abamba iziqu, izimpande, kanye namaqabunga e-cotyledon.

Ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezakhiwo eziwusizo ze-broccoli, kanye nokuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo, funda lapha, futhi kusukela kulokhu ufunda ukuthi le mifino ingapheka kanjani.

Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo nezithelo, iklabishi ka-broccoli idinga ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, nakuba kungenasisekelo kakhulu. Uma ulandela zonke izidingo zokukhula nokunakekelwa, ungaba nomkhiqizo wakho omncane weklabishi ye-broccoli eseduze.